Auxiliary management and control channel aided crosstalk online monitoring in multi-core fibers.

As a stochastic perturbation, the inter-core crosstalk (IC-XT) severely distorts the signal in multi-core fibers (MCF), especially for long-haul transmission. How to quickly measure and monitor the IC-XT online for an MCF-based space division multiplexing (SDM) system is of special importance. In this paper, we introduce the technology of auxiliary management and control channel (AMCC) to online monitor the IC-XT of MCF, in which the unique advantage of low-frequency auxiliary management and control signal is fully utilized with the limited influence on high-speed data transmission. Specifically, two orthogonal sequences are chosen as monitoring signals for the signal-channel core and the crosstalk-channel core, respectively, followed by digital signal processing (DSP) for the received signal to evaluate the real-time crosstalk accurately. The experimental verifications of XT online monitoring confirm the effectiveness of our proposed method with very small monitoring error (mostly < 0.5 dB) for both heterodyne XT and homodyne XT in the C and L bands, showing its great potential for future SDM systems.

Mutational investigation of 17 causative genes in a cohort of 113 families with nonsyndromic early-onset high myopia in northwestern China.

High myopia (HM) is a leading cause of visual impairment in the world. To expand the genotypic and phenotypic spectra of HM in the Chinese population, we investigated genetic variations in a cohort of 113 families with nonsyndromic early-onset high myopia from northwestern China by whole-exome sequencing, with focus on 17 known genes. Sixteen potentially pathogenic variants predicted to affect protein function in eight of seventeen causative genes for HM in fifteen (13.3%) families were revealed, including seven novel variants, c.767 + 1G > A in ARR3, c.3214C > A/p.H1072N, and c.2195C > T/p.A732V in ZNF644, c.1270G > T/p.V424L in CPSF1, c.1918G > C/p.G640R and c.2786T > G/p.V929G in XYLT1, c.601G > C/p.E201Q in P4HA2; six rare variants, c.799G > A/p.E267K in NDUFAF7, c.1144C > T/p.R382W in TNFRSF21, c.1100C > T/p.P367L in ZNF644, c.3980C > T/p.S1327L in CPSF1, c.145G > A/p.E49K and c.325G > T/p.G109W in SLC39A5; and three known variants, c.2014A > G/p.S672G and c.3261A > C/p.E1087D in ZNF644, c.605C > T/p.P202L in TNFRSF21. Ten of them were co-segregated with HM. The mean (± SD) examination age of these 15 probands was 14.7 (± 11.61) years. The median spherical equivalent was - 9.50 D (IQ - 8.75 ~ - 12.00) for the right eye and - 11.25 D (IQ - 9.25 ~ - 14.13) for the left eye. The median axial length was 26.67 mm (IQ 25.83 ~ 27.13) for the right eye and 26.25 mm (IQ 25.97 ~ 27.32) for the left eye. These newly identified genetic variations not only broaden the genetic and clinical spectra, but also offer convincing evidence that the genes ARR3, NDUFAF7, TNFRSF21, and ZNF644 contribute to hereditable HM. This work improves further understanding of molecular mechanism of HM.

Chemical characterization and source attribution of organic pollutants in industrial wastewaters from a Chinese chemical industrial park.

Accelerated urbanization and industrialization have led to an alarming increase in the generation of wastewater with complex chemical contents. Industrial wastewaters are often a primary source of water contamination. The chemical characterization of different industrial wastewater types is an essential task to interpret the chemical fingerprints of wastewater to identify pollution sources and develop efficient water treatment strategies. In this study, we conduct a non-target chemical analysis for the source characterization of different industrial wastewater samples collected from a chemical industrial park (CIP) located in southeast China. The chemical screening identified volatile and semi-volatile organic compounds that included dibutyl phthalate at a maximum concentration of 13.4 µg/L and phthalic anhydride at 35.9 µg/L. Persistent, mobile, and toxic (PMT) substances among the detected organic compounds were identified and prioritized as high-concern contaminants given their impact on drinking water resources. Moreover, a source analysis of the wastewater collected from the wastewater outlet station indicated that the dye production industry contributed the largest quantities of toxic contaminates (62.6%), and this result was consistent with the ordinary least squares and heatmap results. Thus, our study utilized a combined approach of a non-target chemical analysis, a pollution source identification method, and a PMT assessment of different industrial wastewater samples collected from the CIP. The results of the chemical fingerprints of different industrial wastewater types as well as the results of the PMT assessment benefit risk-based wastewater management and source reduction strategies.

Revelation of rice molecular design breeding: the blend of tradition and modernity.

As one of the major staple crops, rice feeds more than one half of the world population. Due to increasing population and dramatic climate change, the rice varieties with higher yield performance and excellent overall agronomic performance should be developed. The raise of molecular design breeding concept provides opportunity to get new breakthrough for variety development, and it is important to clarify the efficient gene combination during actual breeding. In this review, we summarize the recent advances about rice variety improvement either by marker assisted selection (MAS) breeding or popular gene editing technique, which will be beneficial to understand different aspects of the molecular design breeding. We provide genetic views for the classical MAS application, including the genetic effect of key genes and their combinations, the recurrent genome recovery rate at different backcross generations, linkage drag and recombination selection. Moreover, we compare the breeding value of recently-developed molecular techniques, including the advantage of high-throughput genotyping and the way and effect of gene editing in creating useful traits. Considering the current status and actual demands of rice breeding, we raise the strategy to take advantages of both traditional breeding resources and popular molecular techniques, which might pave the way to optimize the process of molecular design breeding in future.

Blood cell characterization and transcriptome analysis reveal distinct immune response and host resistance of different ploidy cyprinid fish following Aeromonas hydrophila infection.

Aeromonas hydrophila can pose a great threat to survival of freshwater fish. In this study, A. hydrophila infection could decrease blood cell numbers, promote blood cell damage as well as alter the levels of alkaline phosphatase (ALP), lysozyme (LZM), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC), total superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and malondialdehyde (MDA) in immune-related tissues of red crucian carp (RCC, 2 N = 100) and triploid cyprinid fish (3 N fish, 3 N = 150). In addition, the significant alternation of antioxidant status was observed in PBMCs isolated from RCC and 3 N following LPS stimulation. The core differential expression genes (DEGs) involved in apoptosis, immunity, inflammation and cellular signals were co-expressed differentially in RCC and 3 N following A. hydrophila challenge. NOD-like receptor (NLR) signals appeared to play a critical role in A. hydrophila-infected fish. DEGs of NLR signals in RCCah vs RCCctl were enriched in caspase-1-dependent Interleukin-1ß (IL-1ß) secretion, interferon (IFN) signals as well as cytokine activation, while DEGs of NLR signals in 3Nah vs 3Nctl were enriched in caspase-1-dependent IL-1ß secretion and antibacterial autophagy. These results highlighted the differential signal regulation of different ploidy cyprinid fish to cope with bacterial infection.

Effects of Cd uptake, translocation and redistribution in different hybrid rice varieties on grain Cd concentration.

In order to identify the key transport process that determines the Cd concentration in brown rice, this study used 21 hybrid rice varieties as experimental materials and conducted field experiments in Qiyang (cadmium-contaminated site) and Yongding (low-cadmium site). Cd concentrations in 8 organs were measured, and bioconcentration factors and transfer factor were further calculated. The results showed that the Cd concentrations of the organs related to the xylem transport were as follows: root > node > stem > leaf sheath > leaf. In the phloem, the Cd concentrations were as follows: rachis > brown rice > rice husk. And the results of the correlation analysis found that Cd concentration between brown rice and root showed a significant positive correlation in Cd-contaminated site, but no significant correlation in low-cadmium site. Meanwhile, at both experimental sites, the Cd concentration of brown rice showed the most significant correlation with the phloem transfer factor from leaf and leaf sheath to brown rice. Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and stepwise regression analysis likewise found that Cd concentration in leaf and leaf sheath and their phloem transport of Cd to brown rice were significantly and positively correlated with Cd concentration in brown rice. The above results showed that the transport of leaf and leaf sheath to brown rice was a key process, and played a more important role in the accumulation of cadmium in brown rice than in root.

Regeneration of Phytochemicals by Structure-Driven Organization of Microbial Biosynthetic Steps.

Medicinal phytochemicals, such as artemisinin and taxol, have impacted the world, and hypericin might do so if its availability issue could be addressed. Hypericin is the hallmark component of Saint John's wort (Hypericum perforatum L.), an approved depression alleviator documented in the US, European, and British pharmacopoeias with its additional effectiveness against diverse cancers and viruses. However, the academia-to-industry transition of hypericin remain hampered by its low in planta abundance, unfeasible bulk chemical synthesis, and unclear biosynthetic mechanism. Here, we present a strategy consisting of the hypericin-structure-centered modification and reorganization of microbial biosynthetic steps in the repurposed cells that have been tamed to enable the designed consecutive reactions to afford hypericin (43.1 mg L-1 ), without acquiring its biosynthetic knowledge in native plants. The study provides a synthetic biology route to hypericin and establishes a platform for biosustainable access to medicinal phytochemicals.

Mutational screening of AGRN, SLC39A5, SCO2, P4HA2, BSG, ZNF644, and CPSF1 in a Chinese cohort of 103 patients with nonsyndromic high myopia.

Purpose: High myopia (HM) is one of the leading causes of irreversible vision loss in the world. Many myopia loci have been uncovered with linkage analysis, genome-wide association studies, and sequencing analysis. Numerous pathogenic genes within these loci have been detected in a portion of HM cases. In the present study, we aimed to investigate the genetic basis of 103 patients with nonsyndromic HM, focusing on the reported causal genes. Methods: A total of 103 affected individuals with nonsyndromic HM were recruited, including 101 patients with unrelated sporadic HM and a mother and son pair. All participants underwent comprehensive ophthalmic examinations, and genomic DNA samples were extracted from the peripheral blood. Whole exome sequencing was performed on the mother and son pair as well as on the unaffected father. Sanger sequencing was used to identify mutations in the remaining 101 patients. Bioinformatics analysis was subsequently applied to verify the mutations. Results: An extremely rare mutation in AGRN (c.2627A>T, p.K876M) was identified in the mother and son pair but not in the unaffected father. Another two mutations in AGRN (c.4787C>T, p.P1596L/c.5056G>A, p.G1686S) were identified in two unrelated patients. A total of eight heterozygous variants potentially affecting the protein function were detected in eight of the remaining 99 patients, including c.1350delC, p.V451Cfs*76 and c.1023_1024insA, p.P342Tfs*41 in SLC39A5; c.244_246delAAG, p.K82del in SCO2; c.545A>G, p.Y182C in P4HA2; c.415C>T, p.P139S in BSG; c.3266A>G, p.Y1089C in ZNF644; and c.2252C>T, p.S751L and c.1708C>T, p.R570C in CPSF1. Multiple bioinformatics analyses were conducted, and a comparison to a group with geographically matched controls was performed, which supported the potential pathogenicity of these variants. Conclusions: We provide further evidence for the potential role of AGRN in HM inheritance and enlarged the current genetic spectrum of nonsyndromic HM by comprehensively screening the reported causal genes.

Comparative analysis of erythrocyte hemolysis, plasma parameters and metabolic features in red crucian carp (Carassius auratus red var) and triploid hybrid fish following Aeromonas hydrophila challenge.

Aeromonas hydrophila can pose a great threat to survival of freshwater fish. In this study, A. hydrophila challenge could promote the erythrocyte hemolysis, increase free hemoglobin (FHB) level and generate malondialdehyde (MDA) production in plasma but decrease the levels of total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC), total superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and lysozyme (LZM) of red crucian carp (RCC, 2 N = 100) and triploid hybrid fish (3 N fish, 3 N = 150) following A. hydrophila challenge. Elevated expression levels of heat shock protein 90 alpha (HSP90α), matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP-9), free fatty acid receptor 3 (FFAR3), paraoxonase 2 (PON2) and cytosolic phospholipase A2 (cPLA2) were observed in A. hydrophila-infected fish. In addition, A. hydrophila challenge could significantly increase expressions of cortisol, leucine, isoleucine, glutamate and polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) in RCC and 3 N, while glycolysis and tricarboxylic acid cycle appeared to be inactive. We identified differential fatty acid derivatives and their metabolic networks as crucial biomarkers from metabolic profiles of different ploidy cyprinid fish subjected to A. hydrophila infection. These results highlighted the comparative metabolic strategy of different ploidy cyprinid fish against bacterial infection.

A novel NK-lysin in hybrid crucian carp can exhibit cytotoxic activity in fish cells and confer protection against Aeromonas hydrophila infection in comparison with Carassius cuvieri and Carassius auratus red var.

NK-lysin, an effector of natural killer (NK) cells and cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs), not only exhibits cytotoxic effect in fish cells, but also participates in the immune defense against pathogenic infection. In this study, ORF sequences of RCC-NK-lysin, WCC-NK-lysin and WR-NK-lysin were 369 bp. Tissue-specific analysis revealed that the highest expressions of RCC-NK-lysin and WCC-NK-lysin were observed in gill, while the peaked level of WR-NK-lysin mRNA was observed in spleen. A. hydrophila infection sharply increased RCC-NK-lysin, WCC-NK-lysin and WR-NK-lysin mRNA expression in liver, trunk kidney and spleen. In addition, elevated levels of NK-lysin mRNA were observed in cultured fin cell lines of red crucian carp (RCC), white crucian carp (WCC) and their hybrid offspring (WR) after Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) challenge. RCC-NK-lysin, WCC-NK-lysin and WR-NK-lysin exerted regulatory roles in inducing ROS generation, modulating mitochondrial membrane potential, decreasing fish cell viability and antagonizing survival signalings, respectively. RCC/WCC/WR-NK-lysin-overexpressing fish could up-regulate expressions of inflammatory cytokines and decrease bacterial loads in spleen. These results indicated that NK-lysin in hybrid fish contained close sequence similarity to those of its parents, possessing the capacities of cytotoxicity and immune defense against bacterial infection.

Heterologous expression of a single fungal HR-PKS leads to the formation of diverse 2-alkenyl-tetrahydropyrans in model fungi.

2-Alkenyl-tetrahydropyrans belong to a rare class of natural products that exhibit broad antifungal activities. Their structural instability and rareness in nature have restrained their discovery and drug development. In this study, the heterologous expression of a single highly reducing polyketide synthase (HR-PKS, App1) from Trichoderma applanatum in Aspergillus nidulans leads to the formation of seven 2-alkenyl-tetrahydropyran derivatives including one known compound virensol C (1) and six new compounds (2-7). However, introducing App1 into Saccharomyces cerevisiae resulted in the identification of additional two 2-alkenyl-tetrahydropyrans lacking the hydroxyl or methoxyl group at the C-2 position (8 and 9). The structures of the isolated compounds were elucidated by extensive spectroscopic analysis using NMR and HR-ESI-MS.

Application of an innovative front aeration and internal recirculation strategy to improve the removal of pollutants in subsurface flow constructed wetlands.

The pollutant removal performance of traditional horizontal subsurface flow (HSSF) constructed wetlands (CWs) is limited because of the dissolved oxygen (DO) supply is insufficient. The aeration of HSSF CWs usually improves their pollutant removal performance, but a high DO induces the accumulation of nitrate-nitrogen (NO3--N) and suppresses the improvement of total nitrogen (TN) removal. In this study, an integrated solution that involved in-tank front aeration and internal recirculation (FAIR) was used to improve the pollutant removal performance of HSSF CWs. Based on the experimental results, the FAIR system significantly increased the removal efficiencies of biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) from 53.8-76.0% to 82.0-91.7% and reduced the BOD concentration in the effluent to below 10 mg L-1. The removal efficiency of ammonia-nitrogen (NH3-N) increased from 15.1-78.3% to 98.5-98.6% while the removal efficiencies of the total Kjeldahl nitrogen (TKN) of the control and FAIR HSSF CWs were 18.2-77.1% and 93.5-94.3%, respectively. HSSF CWs with FAIR outperformed aerated HSSF CWs in the removal of NH3-N and TKN. The effects of two recirculation flow ratios (Rr = recirculation flow rate/influent flow rate), 14.3 and 3.0, on the improvement of pollutant removal performance were investigated. The lower Rr did not significantly affect the improvement of BOD, NH3-N, and TKN, but a higher Rr resulted in more severe accumulation of NO3--N. The removal efficiency of TN in control HSSF CWs ranged from 20.4% to 75.5%, and in the FAIR HSSF CW was 71.6% for Rr = 14.3 and 81.3% for Rr = 3.0. However, the FAIR system did not enhance the removal performance of total phosphorus, suggesting that the DO level and internal recirculation were not dominant mechanisms for the removal of phosphorous. The easy maintenance of the FAIR system made it a superior modification for improving the pollutant removal performance of HSSF CWs.

Trichodermatides E and F from fungus Trichoderma applanatum.

Two new polyketide derivatives, trichodermatides E (1) and F (2), are unprecedented examples of a polyketide with 6/6/6/6 tetracyclic skeleton, together with five known analogs koninginin B (3), koninginin D (4), 7-O-methylkoninginin D (5), koninginins E and F (6-7), were isolated from the plant endophytic fungus Trichoderma applanatum. The structures of these two compounds were determined by NMR data and HR-ESI-MS analysis. The putative biosynthesis of compounds 1-7 was presented.

Shinella pollutisoli sp. nov., isolated from tetrabromobisphenol A-contaminated soil.

Strain AH-1T, a Gram-negative, aerobic, non-spore-forming, motile, rod-shaped bacterium, was isolated from tetrabromobisphenol A-contaminated soil in China. The taxonomic position was investigated using a polyphasic approach. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that strain AH-1T was a member of the genus Shinella and showed the highest sequence similarity to Shinella fusca DC-196T (97.7 %), Shinella granuli Ch06T (97.3 %), Shinella daejeonensis MJ02T (97.1 %) and Shinella yambaruensis MS4T (96.8 %), and lower (<96.7 %) sequence similarity to other known Shinella species. Chemotaxonomic analysis revealed that strain AH-1T possessed Q-10 as the major isoprenoid quinone; and summed feature 8 (C18 : 1ω6c/C18 : 1ω7c), C16 : 0, C12 : 0 aldehyde, C18 : 0, C19 : 0 cyclo ω8c and C18 : 0 3-OH were the predominant fatty acids. Strain AH-1T showed low DNA-DNA relatedness to S. fusca DC-196T (28.6±5.7 %), S. granuli Ch06T (43.7±3.8 %) and S. daejeonensis MJ02T (48.1±2.6 %). The DNA G+C content was 68.2 mol%. Based on the phylogenetic and phenotypic characteristics, chemotaxonomic data and DNA-DNA hybridization, strain AH-1T is considered a novel species of the genus Shinella, for which the name Shinella pollutisoli sp. nov. (type strain AH-1T=KCTC 52677T=CCTCC AB 2017242T) is proposed.

Flavobacterium zaozhuangense sp. nov., a new member of the family Flavobacteriaceae, isolated from metolachlor-contaminated soil.

Strain ZZ-8T, a Gram-negative, aerobic, non-spore-forming, non-motile, yellow-pigmented, rod-shaped bacterium, was isolated from metolachlor-contaminated soil in China. The taxonomic position was investigated using a polyphasic approach. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that strain ZZ-8T is a member of the genus Flavobacterium and shows high sequence similarity to Flavobacterium humicola UCM-46T (97.2%) and Flavobacterium pedocola UCM-R36T (97.1%), and lower (< 97%) sequence similarity to other known Flavobacterium species. Chemotaxonomic analysis revealed that strain ZZ-8T possessed MK-6 as the major respiratory quinone; and iso-C15:0 (28.5%), summed feature 9 (iso-C17:1 w9c/C16:0 10-methyl, 22.9%), iso-C17:0 3-OH (17.0%), iso-C15:0 3-OH (8.9%), iso-C15:1 G (8.6%) and summed feature 3 (C16:1 w7c/C16:1 w6c, 5.7%) as the predominant fatty acids. The polar lipids of strain ZZ-8T were determined to be lipids, a glycolipid, aminolipids and phosphatidylethanolamine. Strain ZZ-8T showed low DNA-DNA relatedness with F. pedocola UCM-R36T (43.23 ± 4.1%) and F. humicola UCM-46T (29.17 ± 3.8%). The DNA G+C content was 43.3 mol%. Based on the phylogenetic and phenotypic characteristics, chemotaxonomic data and DNA-DNA hybridization, strain ZZ-8T is considered a novel species of the genus Flavobacterium, for which the name Flavobacterium zaozhuangense sp. nov. (type strain ZZ-8T = KCTC 62315 T = CCTCC AB 2017243T) is proposed.

Spigelian hernia in the right upper abdominal wall: a case report.

BACKGROUND: Spigelian hernia (SH) is rare and constitutes less than 2% of all hernias. It is reported that more than 90% of SHs lie in the "Spigelian belt", but SH in the upper abdominal wall is extremely uncommon. Here, we report a case of SH in the right upper quadrant of abdomen. CASE PRESENTATION: A 38-year-old female was admitted to hospital with complaints of abdominal pain and right upper quadrant mass for 10 days. Contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CECT) of abdomen revealed the dilated small intestine between the swelling ventral muscles in the right upper abdominal wall which suggested a ventral hernia. The surgeons considered it was a spontaneous hernia because there was no history of surgery or trauma in the upper abdomen. About two hours later, the patient underwent emergency surgery. According to laparotomy, a diagnosis of SH with ileum herniation in the right upper abdominal wall was confirmed. The necrotic ileum segment was resected. Meanwhile the abdominal wall defect was repaired by suturing the internal oblique and transverse muscles to the rectus sheath. The patient had a favorable outcome for 1 year without recurrence. CONCLUSION: A mass and pain in the upper abdominal wall may suggest an atypical SH. SH occurring in the upper abdominal wall is a rare condition with possibility of dire outcome if not managed early.

Phthalorubines: Fused-Ring Compounds Synthesized from Phthalonitrile.

A series of dibenzo[a,f][1,3,5]triazino[2,1,6-cd] pyrrolizine compounds have been synthesized from phthalonitriles by a facile intramolecular cyclization process using "half-phthalocyanine" precursors, and they were characterized by X-ray crystallography, 1 H NMR spectroscopy, UV/Vis, and theoretical calculations. These compounds have spectroscopic profiles similar to phthalocyanines and porphyrins, although their inner-core structures and coordination types are totally different. They can be regarded as a new class of aromatic fused-ring compounds. The low-energy absorption of these new fused-ring compounds are located at around 600 nm. Such a low-energy π-π* transition is scarce in aromatic compounds having a similar molecular size. According to the nomenclature of phthalocyanines, these types of compounds have been named phthalorubines (Prs).

Three New Soil-inhabiting Species of Trichoderma in the Stromaticum Clade with Test of Their Antagonism to Pathogens.

Trichoderma is a dominant component of the soil mycoflora. During the field investigations of northern, central, and southwestern China, three new species in the Stromaticum clade were encountered from soil, and named as T. hebeiense, T. sichuanense, and T. verticillatum. Their phylogenetic positions were determined by analyses of the combined two genes: partial sequences of translation elongation factor 1-alpha and the second largest RNA polymerase subunit-encoding genes. Distinctions between the new species and their close relatives were discussed. Trichoderma hebeiense appeared as a separate terminal branch. The species is distinctive by its oblong conidia and aggregated pustules in culture. Trichoderma sichuanense features in concentric colony and produces numerous clean exudates on aerial mycelium in culture. Trichoderma verticillatum is characterized by its verticillium-like synanamorph and production of abundant chlamydospores. In vitro antagonism towards the new species was tested by dual culture technique.

Richard Paul Korf (1925-2016).

"With poetry, the tune is in the words themselves-and once you begin to hear it, it will stay with you." Richard P. Korf, notes to his narration of John Brown's Body.

[Effects of Early Enteral Immunonutrition on Postoperative Immune Function and Rehabilitation of Patients with Gastric Cancer and Nutritional Risk].

OBJECTIVES: To investigate the effects of early enteral immunonutrition on postoperative immune function and rehabilitation of gastric cancer patients with nutritional risk. METHODS: New hospitalized patients with gastric cancer were evaluated the nutrient status based on NRS 2002. The patients who scored between 3 to 5 points were randomized into two groups(30 cases for each group), and those in experimental group were given 7-d early postoperative enteral immune nutrition, those in control group were given normal nutrition. The immune indexes (CD3+, CD4+, CD8+ and CD4+/CD8+) and nutritional indexes(transferrin, pre-albumin, albumin) were measured before operation and at the 3rd and 7th day postoperatively. In addition, the first flatus time, gastrointestinal adverse reactions and complications, length of hospital stays were compared between the two groups. RESULTS: The level of CD4+/CD8+ and transferrin, pre-albumin, albumin in experimental group were significantly higher than those in control group at the third and seventh day postoperatively (P<0.05).Compared with the control group, the experimental group had shorter first flatus time after surgery, which were (63.5±7.3) h vs. (72.8±8.6 ) h respectively (P<0.05).There were no statistically difference on pneumonia, anastomosis leakage, severe abdominal distension, inflammatory bowel obstruction and total postoperative hospitalization time between the two groups (P>0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Early enteral immunonutrition can effectively promote the recovery of nutritional status and immune function in gastric cancer patients with nutrition risk.