Development of a 3D-Printed Navigational Template for Establishing Rabbit VX2 Lung Cancer Model.

BACKGROUND: The CT-guided percutaneous puncture-inoculation for establishing the rabbit VX2 lung cancer model (LCM) is time-consuming, requires repeated CT scans, and has a high complication rate. Therefore, this study aimed to develop a navigational template using 3D technology to provide an alternative method for establishing the model with improved success and complication rates. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Ideal pressure was determined using chest CT data from 15 anesthetized rabbits fitted with sphygmomanometer cuff around their chests. Subsequently, a preliminary 3D template with a square window and cross-sign to facilitate precise installation was designed. Using another 20 rabbits fixed with the preliminary template, an ideal common puncture point and parameter were determined, a navigational tunnel was set up on the template surface, and the final puncture navigational template was printed out. Eight-four rabbits (42/group) were assigned to the experimental (template-guided puncture) and control (traditional puncutre) groups and underwent VX2 tumor-fragment inoculation to validate the template. Differences in various parameters between two groups were analyzed. RESULTS: The ideal pressure was 30 mmHg. All rabbits were inoculated successfully and the template adequately fit the rabbit chest. The experimental group displayed significantly better operation time (198.93±36.64 vs 735.14±91.19 seconds); number of CT scans (0 vs 7.19±1.64); pneumothorax (11.9% vs 35.7%), chest seeding (16.7% vs 35.7%), and mid-lung field tumor-bearing (88.1% vs 59.5%) rates than the control group (all, P <0.05). The groups did not differ in rib injury, tumor volume or survival time (all, P > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: We successfully developed a puncture navigational template, providing an alternative method for establishing the rabbit VX2 LCM.

Expert consensus on the multidisciplinary diagnosis and treatment of multiple ground glass nodule-like lung cancer (2024 Edition).

ABSTRACT: This expert consensus reviews current literature and provides clinical practice guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of multiple ground glass nodule-like lung cancer. The main contents of this review include the following: ① follow-up strategies, ② differential diagnosis, ③ diagnosis and staging, ④ treatment methods, and ⑤ post-treatment follow-up.

Clinical practice guidelines on image-guided thermal ablation of primary and metastatic lung tumors (2022 edition).

The main contents of the Clinical Practice Guidelines on Image-Guided Thermal Ablation (IGTA) of Primary and Metastatic Lung Tumors (2022 Edition) include the following: epidemiology of primary and metastatic lung tumors; the concepts of the IGTA and common technical features; procedures, indications, contraindications, outcomes evaluation, and related complications of IGTA on primary and metastatic lung tumors; and limitations and future development.

Use of CT-guided fine needle aspiration biopsy in epidermal growth factor receptor mutation analysis in patients with advanced lung cancer.

BACKGROUND: The safety of using a cutting needle when performing a core-needle biopsy is of major concern, in particular for small lung tumors or tumors near the hilum. PURPOSE: To investigate the usefulness of CT-guided fine needle aspiration biopsy (FNAB) of the lung in obtaining tumor tissue for epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutation analysis in advanced lung cancer patients. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Forty-three patients with stage IIIB-IV lung cancer were enrolled. In all patients, CT-guided FNAB was performed using an 18-gauge or 20-gauge Chiba aspiration needle for histology diagnosis and EGFR mutation analysis. Complications associated with CT-guided FNAB were observed, and the specimen mutational assessments were recorded. RESULTS: The obtained tumor samples ranged from 0.5-1.5 cm in length and were adequate for histological and DNA analyses in all patients. No patient had a pneumothorax or hemoptysis. Minor needle tract bleeding appeared in eight patients. Mutation analysis was satisfactorily demonstrated in 23 mutations and 20 non-mutations. Ten and 13 mutations were identified by 18-gauge and 20-gauge needle biopsies, respectively. EFGR mutations, including 12 cases of EGFR exon 19 deletion and 11 cases of exon 21 point mutation, were present in 21 patients with adenocarcinomas, one with squamous cell carcinoma, and one with undifferentiated carcinoma. CONCLUSION: CT-guided FNAB is a feasible and safe technique for obtaining lung tumor tissues for EGFR gene mutation analysis.

Low miR-1273a expression predicts poor prognosis of colon cancer and facilitates tumor cell proliferation, migration, and invasion.

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) have been indicated to be frequently dysregulated in various cancers and promising biomarkers for colon cancer. The present study aimed to assess the prognostic significance and biological function of miR-1273a in colon cancer. The expression levels of miR-1273a was estimated using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. Kaplan-Meier survival curves and Cox regression analysis were used to evaluate the prognostic value of miR-1273a in patients of colon cancer. The effects of miR-1273a on cell proliferation, migration, and invasion were investigated by cell experiments. The expression of miR-1273a was downregulated in colon cancer tissues and tumor cell lines compared with the normal controls (all P<0.001). The aberrant expression of miR-1273a was associated with vascular invasion (P=0.005), differentiation (P=0.023), lymph node metastasis (P=0.021), and TNM stage (P=0.004). The patients with low miR-1273a expression had low overall survival compared with the patients with high miR-1273a expression (log-rank P=0.002). miR-1273a was detected to be an independent prognostic biomarker for patients. Furthermore, the results of cell experiments revealed that miR-1273a downregulation promoted, while miR-1273a upregulation suppressed the cell proliferation, migration, and invasion. In conclusion, all data indicated that a downregulated expression of miR-1273a predicted poor prognosis for colon cancer and enhanced tumor cell proliferation, migration, and invasion. Thus, we suggest that methods to promote miR-1273a expression may serve as novel therapeutic strategies in colon cancer.

[Expert Consensus for Thermal Ablation of Pulmonary Subsolid Nodules (2021 Edition)].

"The Expert Group on Tumor Ablation Therapy of Chinese Medical Doctor Association, The Tumor Ablation Committee of Chinese College of Interventionalists, The Society of Tumor Ablation Therapy of Chinese Anti-Cancer Association and The Ablation Expert Committee of the Chinese Society of Clinical Oncology" have organized multidisciplinary experts to formulate the consensus for thermal ablation of pulmonary subsolid nodules or ground-glass nodule (GGN). The expert consensus reviews current literatures and provides clinical practices for thermal ablation of GGN. The main contents include: (1) clinical evaluation of GGN, (2) procedures, indications, contraindications, outcomes evaluation and related complications of thermal ablation for GGN and (3) future development directions.
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Expert consensus on thermal ablation therapy of pulmonary subsolid nodules (2021 Edition).

The Expert Consensus reviews current literatures and provides clinical practice guidelines for thermal ablation of pulmonary subsolid nodules or ground-glass nodule (GGN). The main contents include the following: (1) clinical evaluation of GGN; (2) procedures, indications, contraindications, outcomes evaluation, and related complications of thermal ablation for GGN; and (3) future development directions.

CSCO ablation expert workshop report: Recommendations for the management of tumor ablation during the coronavirus disease 2019 epidemic.

The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has become a global pandemic since its outbreak in December 2019, which posed a threat to the safety and well-being of people on a global scale. Cancer patients are at high risk of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection, and their critical morbidity and case fatality rates are high. The ablation expert committee of the Chinese Society of Clinical Oncology compiled corresponding expert recommendations. These recommendations summarize the preventive measures and management of tumor ablation treatment in medical institutions, including outpatient clinics, oncology wards, ablation operation room, and postablation follow-ups in accordance with the guidelines and protocols imposed by the National Health Commission of the People's Republic of China and the experience in management and prevention according to various hospitals. This consensus aims to reduce and prevent the spread of SARS-CoV-2 and its cross-infection between cancer patients in hospitals and provide regulatory advice and guidelines for medical personnel.

Radiofrequency ablation of primary non-small cell lung cancer: A retrospective study on 108 patients.

PURPOSE: To retrospectively analyze the factors influencing response, local progression, local progression-free survival (LPFS), and overall survival (OS) in patients with primary non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) after computed tomography (CT)-guided radiofrequency ablation (RFA). METHODS: From August 2012 to October 2017, 108 lesions of 108 patients who had undergone CT-guided RFA were analyzed in this study. Patients were followed after RFA continuously. Meanwhile, technical success rate, incomplete ablation rate, local progression, LPFS and OS were assessed. RESULTS: In all patients, 100% technical success rate was achieved. Incomplete ablation rate was 9.26% (10 of 108). Maximum diameter of lesions was associated with incomplete ablation. Maximum diameter of lesions, clinical stage, solitary lesion in the lung and treatments after initial RFA were significantly related to LPFS. Maximum diameter of lesions clinical stage, solitary lesion in the lung, histologic types and treatments after initial RFA were significantly related to OS. CONCLUSIONS: Maximum diameter of lesions ≤3cm, early clinical stage, solitary lesion in the lung and RFA combined with cisplatin and carboplatin chemotherapy and/or tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKI) all were positive factors of local efficacy and survival after RFA of primary NSCLC.

Expert consensus on image-guided radiofrequency ablation of pulmonary tumors: 2018 edition.

Lung cancer ranks first in incidence and mortality in China. Surgery is the primary method to cure cancer, but only 20-30% of patients are eligible for curative resection. In recent years, in addition to surgery, other local therapies have been developed for patients with numerous localized primary and metastatic pulmonary tumors, including stereotactic body radiation therapy and thermal ablative therapies through percutaneously inserted applicators. Percutaneous thermal ablation of pulmonary tumors is minimally invasive, conformal, repeatable, feasible, cheap, has a shorter recovery time, and offers reduced morbidity and mortality. Radiofrequency ablation (RFA), the most commonly used thermal ablation technique, has a reported 80-90% rate of complete ablation, with the best results obtained in tumors < 3 cm in diameter. Because the clinical efficacy of RFA of pulmonary tumors has not yet been determined, this clinical guideline describes the techniques used in the treatment of localized primary and metastatic pulmonary tumors in nonsurgical candidates, including mechanism of action, devices, indications, techniques, potential complications, clinical outcomes, post-ablation surveillance, and use in combination with other therapies. In the future, the role of RFA in the treatment of localized pulmonary tumors should ultimately be determined by evidence from prospective randomized controlled trials comparing sublobar resection or stereotactic body radiation therapy.

Expert consensus workshop report: Guidelines for thermal ablation of primary and metastatic lung tumors (2018 edition).

Although surgical resection with curative intent is the main therapy for both primary and metastatic lung tumors, about 80% of lung cancers cannot be removed by surgery. Because most patients with unresectable lung cancer only receive limited benefits from traditional radiotherapy and chemotherapy, many novel local treatment modalities have emerged including local ablation therapy. The Minimally Invasive Treatment of Lung Cancer Branch, Professional Committee of Minimally Invasive Treatment of Cancer of the Chinese Anti-Cancer Association and Committee on Tumor Ablations, Chinese College of Interventionalists have organized multidisciplinary experts to develop guidelines for this treatment modality. These guidelines aim at standardizing thermal ablation procedures, describing the indications for candidates, assessing outcomes, and preventing postablation complications.

[Genetic instability detected by flow cytometry: DNA aneuploid and P16 expression in biopsy specimens from lung cancer].

OBJECTIVE: To investigate DNA aneuploid and P16 expression in biopsy specimens from lung cancer, and to study genetic instability and the application of flow cytometry in lung cancer pernicious degree diagnosis. METHODS: Blood cells and cancer cells in biopsy specimens were marked simultaneously with anti-CD45 and anti-P16 fluorescent antibody, and the ratio of CD45+ P16+ cells and CD4- P16+ cells was compared. DNA content in biopsy specimens from lung cancer was detected by flow cytometry. RESULTS: Among the 74 cases of lung cancer, there are 46 cases of DNA aneuploid (62.2%). Thirty-seven cases of lung cancer expressed P16 lowly (50%). Twelve cases of lung cancer only expressed P16 lowly (16.22%), 21 cases of lung cancer only expressed DNA aneuploid (28.38%), and 25 cases not only expressed P16 lowly but also expressed DNA aneuploid (33.78%). Indexes of malign degree, such as P16 low expression or DNA aneuploid could be detected in 58 cases among the 74 cases (78.38%) by flow cytometry. CONCLUSION: P16 low expression and DNA aneuploid are the indexes of lung cancer malign degree, and flow cytometry can be used to study genetic instability and evaluate biopsy specimens from lung cancer.

Low miR-1273a expression predicts poor prognosis of colon cancer and facilitates tumor cell proliferation, migration, and invasion

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) have been indicated to be frequently dysregulated in various cancers and promising biomarkers for colon cancer. The present study aimed to assess the prognostic significance and biological function of miR-1273a in colon cancer. The expression levels of miR-1273a was estimated using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. Kaplan-Meier survival curves and Cox regression analysis were used to evaluate the prognostic value of miR-1273a in patients of colon cancer. The effects of miR-1273a on cell proliferation, migration, and invasion were investigated by cell experiments. The expression of miR-1273a was downregulated in colon cancer tissues and tumor cell lines compared with the normal controls (all P<0.001). The aberrant expression of miR-1273a was associated with vascular invasion (P=0.005), differentiation (P=0.023), lymph node metastasis (P=0.021), and TNM stage (P=0.004). The patients with low miR-1273a expression had low overall survival compared with the patients with high miR-1273a expression (log-rank P=0.002). miR-1273a was detected to be an independent prognostic biomarker for patients. Furthermore, the results of cell experiments revealed that miR-1273a downregulation promoted, while miR-1273a upregulation suppressed the cell proliferation, migration, and invasion. In conclusion, all data indicated that a downregulated expression of miR-1273a predicted poor prognosis for colon cancer and enhanced tumor cell proliferation, migration, and invasion. Thus, we suggest that methods to promote miR-1273a expression may serve as novel therapeutic strategies in colon cancer.

Diagnostic accuracy and safety of CT-guided fine needle aspiration biopsy in cavitary pulmonary lesions.

OBJECTIVE: CT-guided transthoracic biopsy is a well-established method in the cytologic or histologic diagnosis of pulmonary lesions. The knowledge of its diagnostic performance and complications for cavitary pulmonary lesions is limited. The purpose of this study was to determine the diagnostic accuracy and safety of CT-guided fine needle aspiration biopsy (FNAB) in cavitary pulmonary lesions. MATERIALS AND METHODS: 102 consecutive patients with pulmonary cavitary lesions received CT-guided FNAB with use of an 18-gauge (n=35) or 20-gauge (n=67) Chiba for histology diagnosis. The sensitivity, specificity, and diagnostic accuracy of FNAB were calculated as compared with the final diagnosis. Complications associated with FNAB were observed. The diagnostic accuracy and complications were compared between patients with different lesion sizes and different cavity wall thickness. RESULTS: The overall sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of FNAB were 96.3%, 98.0%, and 96.1%, respectively. The sensitivity, specificity, and diagnosis accuracy in different lesion size (< 2 cm vs ≥ 2 cm), or different cavity wall thickness (< 5mm vs ≥ 5 mm) were not different (P>0.05; 0.235). More nondiagnostic sample was found in wall thickness <5mm lesions (P=0.017). Associated complications included pneumothorax in 9 (8.8%) patients and alveolar hemorrhage in 14 patients (13.7%) and hemoptysis in 1 patient (1%). No different rate of complications was found with regard to lesion size, wall thickness, length of the needle path and needle size (P>0.05). CONCLUSION: CT-guided FNAB can be effectively ad safely used for patients with pulmonary cavitary lesions.