[The assessment of physical fitness level, the functional status and the social features of the elderly that decided to engage in physical exercises.]

For the sake of maintaining active longevity of the elderly the adequate, individually selected physical activity, that was get after the integrated assessment of physical fitness level, the functional status and the social features, is necessary. 121 women (mean age 66,77±5,37) who decided to engage in physical exercises were included in the study. For every participant professional, social and sport anamnesis, the presence of illnesses, the clinical information and the functional tests (Stange, orthostatic, «6 minutes walking¼, «Up and go¼) were evaluated. Was get, that 75,21% participants of the study had hypertension. The normal type of systolic blood pressure reaction during orthostatic test was present in 71,07% people, by diastolic blood pressure - in 84,29% people. The body mass index corresponded to the excess body weight. The indices of the grip strength, spirometry were decreased, but were not critical. The indices of the grip right and left arm correlated with age (R=0,33; p<0,01; R=0,31; p<0,01). The results of the tests «Up and Go¼ and «6 minutes walking¼ were evaluated as normal. The orthopedic examination has revealed the flatfoot and scoliosis. 91,73% of the retired individuals did not have a job. Cause of retirement for the majority of patients were stuff cuts after the age 60, which was not in accordance with the satisfactory physical state of the participants of the investigation. Therefore, nowadays the questions of part-time employment of the elderly and re-education of the people with the age «50+¼, together with the development of physical exercise programs are of great importance.

Analysis of Gut Microbiota in Patients with Parkinson's Disease.

Gut microbiota of patients with Parkinson's disease and healthy volunteers was analyzed by the method of high throughput 16S rRNA sequencing of bacterial genomes. In patients with Parkinson's diseases, changes in the content of 9 genera and 15 species of microorganisms were revealed: reduced content of Dorea, Bacteroides, Prevotella, Faecalibacterium, Bacteroides massiliensis, Stoquefichus massiliensis, Bacteroides coprocola, Blautia glucerasea, Dorea longicatena, Bacteroides dorei, Bacteroides plebeus, Prevotella copri, Coprococcus eutactus, and Ruminococcus callidus, and increased content of Christensenella, Catabacter, Lactobacillus, Oscillospira, Bifidobacterium, Christensenella minuta, Catabacter hongkongensis, Lactobacillus mucosae, Ruminococcus bromii, and Papillibacter cinnamivorans. This microbiological pattern of gut microflora can trigger local inflammation followed by aggregation of α-synuclein and generation of Lewy bodies.

[Correlation Between Emotional-Affective Disorders and Gut Microbiota Composition in Patients with Parkinson's Disease].

Background: Despite the efforts of scientific community the data available on the correlation between emotional-affective symptoms of Parkinson's disease and changes in microbiome is still scarce. Deeper studies of nonmotor symptoms evident in premotor stages of the disease and the reciprocal influence of microbiota may help to understand the etiology and pathogenesis of PD neurodegeneration better. Aim of the Study: Discover the relations between emotional-affective disorders prevalent in PD population and changes in gut microbiota composition. Methods: 51 patient diagnosed with PD participated in the study. Every participant's emotional-affective state was examined using Beck's Depression Inventory (BDI) and Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS). Taxonomic richness of microbiome was studied using 16S ribosomal RNA gene sequencing, bioinformatics, and statistical analysis. Results: Anxiety and depression are prevalent affective disorders in patients with PD. In our study, most of the subjects demonstrated certain anxiety and depression. Taxonomic diversity of gut microbiota in BP was increasing with the increase in anxiety levels, reaching the maximum in the group with subclinical anxiety, and decreasing in the group with clinically significant anxiety disorder. At the species level, patients with clinically significant anxiety had higher abundance of Clostridium clariflavum compared to the anxiety-free patients. Patients with moderate depression were characterized by the higher prevalence of Christensenella minuta, Clostridium disporicum, and Oscillibacter valericigenes compared to subjects without depression or with mild depression. Conclusion: The data we received in our study allow better understanding of PD pathogenesis.

[Replicative association analysis of genetic markers of cognitive traits with Alzheimer's disease in a Russian population].

Replicative association analysis of Alzheimer's disease (AD) with 15 genetic markers associated with cognitive traits in genome-wide association studies was performed. In a Russian populations associations of rs2616984 in CSMD1 gene with AD (OR = 1.50, 95% CI = 1.07-2.09, p-value = 0.018) and putative associations with the disease of rs3131296 in NOTCH4 gene (OR = 1.53, 95% CI = 0.98-2.39, p-value = 0.06) and rs2229741 of NRIP1 gene (OR = 1.35, CI = 0.99-1.85, p-value = 0.061) were revealed. Combinations of epistatic interacting genes (CSMD1 and NRIP1; NOTCH4, CSMD1 and NRIP1; TLR4, CSMD1 and NRIP1) were found, as well as their genotypes combinations significantly associated with AD and characterized by highest predictive values. Probable molecular mechanisms implicated in the relation of genes under study to AD pathogenesis are discussed. Bioinformatic analysis of biological processes, molecular functions and protein-protein interactions of BA genes demonstrated that genes under study may play modulating and modifying role by participation in various regulatory and signal pathways involved in a disease development.

[The level of neurospecific proteins in patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus and cognitive disorders].

Type I diabetes mellitus (DM1) is a widespread metabolic disease ofsocial significance due to early disability in youngpatients and reduced life expectancy. One of the DMI complications is CNS lesions resulting in cognitive dysfunction mediated through metabolic disorders. This condition can be partly or completely reversed if diagnosed and treated'at an early stage. The aim of this study was to determine the level ofneurospecific proteins in 58 patients aged 16-30years with type I diabetes mellitus and cognitive disorders in comparison with 29 healthy controls of simnilar age. All the participants underwent neuropsychological testing based on the Montreal scale for rapid screening of cognitive disorders (MoCA-test). Protein S100, glial fibrillary acidic protein, and myelin basic protein served as early markers of cognitive dysfunction. The study revealed an enhanced level of neurospecific proteins that correlated with hyperglycemia and cognitive deficit (MoCA score 26).

[Criteria of syndrome frailty in Parkinson´s disease]. / Kriterii starcheskoi astenii pri bolezni Parkinsona.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate syndrome frailty by the Fried phenotype in patients with Parkinson's disease (PD). MATERIAL AND METHODS: Seventy-three patients over 65 years of age with Hoehn and Yahr stage 2-4 PD were tested for the presence of subjective criteria of the Fried phenotype of syndrome frailty: fatigue, difficulty in performing habitual activities, weight loss and objective criteria: grip strength and walking speed. The relationships of the objective criteria of Fried with indicators of age, sex, sports history, prescription of PD, the number of medications, blood pressure and MDS UPDRS part III scores, the severity of depression on the Beck scale and cognitive disorders on the MOCA were evaluated. RESULTS: All patients complained of fatigue, difficulties in performing habitual activities. Four people noted a decrease in body weight of more than 5 kg per year. Objective criteria of Fried were absent in 38 (51%) patients, 23 (32%) people had one objective criterion: reduced walking speed (less than 0.8 m/s) or hand strength (less than 16 kg for women and 26 kg for men), in 12 (17%) people both objective criteria were reduced. The values of objective criteria of weakness were correlated with age, sex and MDS UPDRS part III total scores. CONCLUSION: Frailty syndrome is difficult to diagnose in patients with PD due to the coincidence of complaints of the underlying disease and the syndrome. Objective criteria of the Fried phenotype suggest the presence of syndrome frailty in patients. The increase in the age of the patient, the female sex and the severity of PD are interrelated with the presence of objective criteria for the frailty of an elderly person.

[Rehabilitation's possibility of the patients with severe Parkinson's disease]. / Vozmozhnosti reabilitatsii patsientov na razvernutoi stadii bolezni Parkinsona.

OBJECTIVE: The application of the individual rehabilitating approach by hypokinesia and lack of physical activity in severe Parkinson's disease patient. MATERIAL AND METHODS: In the study were 43 patients with Parkinson's disease (17 men and 26 women; at the age 68.39±7.18 years) with 3-4 stage Hoehn and Yahr included. The physical state was previously defined. 10 individual complex lessons with the power exercises, the transfer training with external cueing, flexibility, balance-therapy, preparation of somatoreception to walking and the walking were in patient's stage with walking speed evaluation after the therapy conducted. RESULTS: Before the treatment 25 (58%) persons could not the test «6 minutes walking¼ perform, the time of the test «Up and Go¼ was lengthened and the grip strength was decreased, moreover in women the grip strength was less critical level. After the treatment the all patients participated in the test «6 minutes walking¼. Walking distance increased by 32.17 meter; p<0.01. THE CONCLUSION: The individual complex rehabilitation in patient stage's approach in severe Parkinson's disease patient let improve the walking.

[Gustatory disorders in COVID-19]. / Narusheniya vkusooshchushcheniya pri COVID-19.

Taste disturbances are present in 20.3-88.0% of COVID-19 cases and are the first signs of infection in 11.0-18.1% of cases. They often manifested 3-7 days after the onset of general respiratory symptoms and last 2 to 16 days, followed by recovery. There are also prolonged disturbances of taste sensation (up to 61-76 days or more), which is associated with damage to various types of receptor cells of the mucous membrane of the tongue. More severe taste disturbances are recorded in the elderly. In women, changes in taste sensation are noted more often than in men, and with a longer recovery period. Severe and critical forms of taste disorders predominate in COVID-19; dysgeusia, as a rule, prevails over hypogeusia and ageusia. Taste disturbance is a common clinical symptom in COVID-19, which can and should be considered as a marker of early manifestation of coronavirus infection.

[Vitamin D and other indicators of calcium-phosphorus metabolism as possible predictors of Parkinson's disease]. / Vitamin D i drugie pokazateli kal'tsii-fosfornogo obmena kak vozmozhnye prediktory bolezni Parkinsona.

OBJECTIVE: To study a role of vitamin D and other indicators of calcium-phosphorus metabolism as possible predictors of Parkinson's disease (PD). MATERIAL AND METHODS: The main group consisted of 138 patients with PD, the control group included 79 patients without PD. Serum levels of 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25[OH]D) were determined by chemo-luminescence immunoassay. Additionally, the following biochemical markers were evaluated: parathyroid hormone, calcitonin, thyroid-stimulating hormone, thyroxine, alkaline phosphatase, inorganic phosphorus, total calcium, ionized calcium, total protein. In addition, densitometry of the spine (1-4 lumbar vertebrae), proximal femurs, and the middle third of the radius was performed. The relationship between the level of vitamin D in blood serum and clinical data was evaluated using correlation analysis. RESULTS: Regression analysis revealed a statistically significant contribution of the levels of parathyroid hormone, vitamin D, alkaline phosphatase and the T-value of the bone density of the neck of the right hip (T-score NRH) to the probability of PD. In the main group, bone mineral density was significantly different between the groups (p=0.028). Also, there was a high incidence of osteopenia (64%) and osteoporosis (73%). Based on the obtained regression equation, the probability of having PD is p=1/(1+exp2.673-0.007x-0.052y-0.037z-0.012k), where «x¼ is the parathyroid hormone level, «y¼ is T-score NRH, «z¼ is the vitamin D level, «k¼ is the activity of alkaline phosphatase, exp is the exponent. CONCLUSION: Vitamin D levels, alkaline phosphatase activity, and T-score NRH have a statistically significant effect on the likelihood of developing PD. With a decrease in the above indicators relative to normal values, the likelihood of having PD increases.

[The high blood pressure in patients with Parkinson's disease]. / Povyshennoe arterial'noe davlenie u bol'nykh bolezn'yu Parkinsona.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the relationships between blood pressure (BP), duration of the high BP, reaction of the cardiovascular system on the physical load with the duration of Parkinson's disease (PD) and motor disorders in PD patients. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Fifty-six women with PD and high BP in the anamnesis and 91 women with arterial hypertension, stage 1 were included in the study. The groups of the patients did not differ by age (67.14±7.75 vs. 67.24±5.70 years; p>0.05). The patients were asked about the duration of high BP, the maximal systolic and diastolic BP (SBP and DBP) and presence of antihypertensive therapy, the patients with PD were additionally asked about the duration of the disease, the medicine for PD treatment, the vegetative dysfunction features. The assessment of the orthostatic reaction was determined by transition of the patient from the supine position to the sitting position. Three types of the reaction were isolated: normal, orthostatic hypotension and hypertension. The assessment of motor function in patients with PD was performed using MDS UPDRS, part III. RESULTS: Before and after the orthostatic test, patients with PD and history of arterial hypertension showed normal SBP and DBP levels, while those with isolated hypertension had elevated mean BP corresponding to the high-normal level: the difference in BP levels between the two groups was significant (134.89±17.19 vs. 124.64±18.19 mm Hg; p<0.05; 130.43±19.88 vs. 122.80±19.08 mm Hg; p<0.05). Patients with isolated hypertension were less likely to receive BP-lowering treatment - 30 (32.61%) vs. 10 (18.87%); p=0.04. There were no differences in the frequency of hypertensive and orthostatic reactions between the groups. The total score of motor disorders in patients with PD was correlated with the duration of high BP (R= -0.26; p=0.04). Among the patients with PD, 37 had hypertension prior to the neurologic disorder, 7 were diagnosed with two diseases simultaneously, while the remaining 12 had PD as the initial diagnosis, developing hypertension later in life. The score of the points of the motor disturbances was greater in patients who had developed two diseases simultaneously with the simultaneous developing of the illnesses (15.88±9.36 vs. 19.84±8.01 vs. 26.14±9.68; p<0.05, χ2=10.47, df=2). CONCLUSION: The development of arterial hypertension in patients with PD aggravates the disease.

[Nordic walking in winter as the multitask training in patients with Parkinson's disease]. / Zimnyaya skandinavskaya khod'ba kak mul'tizadanie u patsientov s bolezn'yu Parkinsona.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate an influence of 8-week course of winter nordic walking as the multitask on the spatial-temporal characteristics of walking and motor disturbances in patients with Parkinson's disease (PD). MATERIAL AND METHODS: Eleven patients (3 men and 8 women, mean age 66.82±3.97 years) with Hoehn and Yahr stage 1 to 2 PD were included in the study. Preliminary medical examination, including the anthropometric profile with the calculation of the body mass index (BMI), the grip strength on the right and left sides, spirometry, functional tests with the physical load (orthostatic test with the determination of systolic and diastolic blood pressure (SBP and DPB) and type of reaction (normal, hypertonic, hypotonic), the 6 Minute Walk Test, timed Up and Go test), was performed to evaluate the physical state. The evaluation of motor function was performed using the unified Parkinson's disease rating scale of the Movement Disorder Society (MDS UPDRS), part III. A 8-week course of nordic walking training was carried out at the certified track on the stadium localized outside of the city, in the wood and parks area in the winter. RESULTS: Compared to the first training, gait velocity increased at the 3rd session, the step length at the 6th. The improvement of the spatial-temporal characteristics of walking was accompanied by the improvement of the motor function as measured by MDS UPDRS, part III. CONCLUSION: Winter nordic walking as multitask is the effective measure of exercise treatment in patients with PD, because it improves the spatial-temporal characteristics of walking and the motor function.

[Non-motor conditions in patients with cervical dystonia]. / Nemotornye sostoyaniya u patsientov s tservikal'noi distoniei.

OBJECTIVE: To study non-motor conditions in people with diabetes in comparison with patients with cervicalgia. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The study included 170 people. The main group consisted of 120 respondents with cervical dystonia (CD) aged 27 to 82 years. The diagnosis of CD was based on the Clinical guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of dystonia adopted by the European Federation of Neurological Societies, the Society for Movement Disorders and the All-Russian Society of Neurologists. The control group included 50 patients, aged 25 to 82 years, with pain in the cervical spine due to muscle-tonic and myofascial syndromes. A Visual Analogue scale, the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS), the Multidimensional Fatigue Inventory (MFI-20), the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) were administered to study the asthenic syndrome in all patients. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Pain, anxiety, depression, asthenic syndrome, insomnia are statistically significant non-motor conditions in patients with CD compared with patients with cervicalgia. CD significantly affects the physical and psychological aspects, worsening the quality of life of these patients. The following gender differences are identified: in women with CD, non-motor disorders (anxiety, depression, general and physical asthenia, insomnia) are significantly more pronounced and the quality of life is significantly reduced compared to men with CD. For the successful treatment of CD, a multimodal approach is needed that provides the treatment of not only motor, but also non-motor disorders. Early detection and treatment of comorbid conditions is an important step in the treatment of CD.

[A prognostic model of cognitive impairment in patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus]. / Prognosticheskaya model' razvitiya kognitivnykh narushenii u patsientov s sakharnym diabetom 1-go tipa.

OBJECTIVE: To develop a model for the prognosis of cognitive impairment in patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus based on data from proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus and individuals without diabetes were examined (control group). All participants were evaluated for carbohydrate metabolism, underwent neuropsychological testing (MoCa test), proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy of the brain. Statistical processing of the results was performed using the IBM SPSS Statistics 20.0 program. The predictive model is calculated using discriminant analysis. RESULTS: Based on the data of proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy, a predictive model for the development of cognitive impairment in patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus was obtained using discriminant analysis. CONCLUSIONS: The method for the early diagnosis of cognitive impairment allows predicting the development of cognitive dysfunction in patients with type 1 diabetes in the early stages and can be used in clinical practice to assess the effectiveness of preventive therapy for cognitive impairment.

[The power exercises as a risk factor of Parkinson's disease]. / Silovaia fizicheskaia nagruzka kak faktor riska bolezni Parkinsona.

AIM: To study the relationship between the physical condition, degree of motor disturbances and power loading in former athletes with Parkinson's disease (PD). MATERIAL AND METHODS: The study included 20 men with PD, including 10 power athletes with training loads in the youth for more than 5 years and 10 non-athletic patients. A medical history of PD and accompanied hypertension were analyzed, body mass index and power hand index were measured and the orthostatic test from supine to sitting position was made. Motor function was assessed with the unified Parkinson's disease rating scale of the Movement Disorder Society (MDS UPDRS) - part III. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Former athletes with PD were younger compared to non-athletic patients (57.44±8,14 vs. 66.78±4.29 years; p<005) and had longer duration of the disease (6.56±5,36 vs. 3.60±3.50 years; p<0.05). The orthostatic reaction of the former athletes was accompanied by increasing of diastolic blood pressure (DBP), while there was a decrease in DBD in the non-athletic men. Hypokinetic syndrome was more pronounced in the former athletes. The slowing of movements (bradykinesia) were accessed as 3 points on MDS UPDRS in 6 people and 4 points in 4. The results show the impact of power training on the course and presentations of PD in former athletes.

[The correction of motor disorders by special physical exercises in patients with the late cerebellar ataxia]. / Korrektsiia dvigatel'nykh rasstroistv spetsial'nymi fizicheskimi uprazhneniiami u bol'nykh s pozdnei mozzhechkovoi ataksiei.

AIM: The selection of special physical exercises for patients with late cerebellar ataxia based on the biomechanics of balance and gait and evaluation of the clinical effect of therapy. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Twelve male patients with the diagnosis of late cerebellar ataxia were included in the study. The mean age was 49.33±8.80 years. The daily program of therapeutic exercises included training lessons with the exercise physician. The duration of training lessons was 25-30 minutes every day besides the independent task-repetitions 5-6 times a day during 12 days. To evaluate a clinical effect, the Scale for the assessment and rating of ataxia (SARA) was administered before the lessons and on the 12-th day of therapy. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The authors developed the program of physical exercises for patients with late cerebellar ataxia based on the feeling of body weight and consecutive movements of the sole that were taken from techniques of classical dance steps. After 12 days of training, the total scores on SARA decreased (12.75±4.47 vs. 9.00±4.81, p<0.01) due to the decrease in the scores of gait (3.41±1.16 vs. 2.25±0.86, p<0.01) and stance (2.67±0.98 vs. 1.42±1.08, p<0.01). Therefore, special physical exercises are a necessary component of the therapy of late cerebellar ataxia.

[Different types of cognitive rehabilitation in patients with type 2 diabetes]. / Raznye vidy reabilitatsii kognitivnoi disfunktsii u patsientov s sakharnym diabetom 2-go tipa.

AIM: Diabetes mellitus (DM) type 2 leads to the progression of cognitive impairment. The authors compared different types of cognitive rehabilitation in patients with type 2 diabetes. MATERIAL AND METHODS: One hundred and twenty patients with type 2 diabetes were examined and randomized into 4 groups: the computerized training group, the exercise therapy group, the akatinol memantine group and the control group. The duration of rehabilitation was 6 months. All patients underwent general clinical examination and neuropsychological testing. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: All patients had impaired cognitive functions, especially in visual-constructive skills, speech, abstraction, and memory. Treatment with akatinol memantine was most effective compared to computerized training and exercise therapy. With the exception of the control group, all groups, in particular the exercise therapy group, showed the improvement in carbohydrate metabolism.

[Rare genetic markers of cognitive impairment in diabetes mellitus]. / Redkie geneticheskie markery kognitivnykh narushenii pri sakharnom diabete.

The study of potential mechanisms of cognitive impairments associated with gene expression in patients with diabetes mellitus (DM) is becoming increasingly important due to the increase in the prevalence of dementia in this category of patients. DM is associated with the alteration of neurogenesis, and the variability of glycemia causes the changes in plasma and mitochondria, promotes the formation of free radicals, oxidative stress, activation of apoptosis of neurons, circulation of proinflammatory agents and other pathological factors. The association between diabetes and cognitive impairment is largely mediated by both neurodegeneration markers and cerebrovascular diseases. However, the literature presents conflicting results on the risk and frequency of cognitive impairment in patients with type 1 and 2 diabetes. This is probably explained by limitations and variations of the studies, but also by the contribution of genetic polymorphisms to the development of cognitive impairment in patients with diabetes. This review describes rare genetic markers of cognitive disorders in type 1 and type 2 diabetes as well as their relationship with various parameters of carbohydrate metabolism and clinical manifestations of cognitive disorders.

[Parkinson disease and asthenic syndrome]. / Bolezn' Parkinsona i astenicheskii sindrom.

AIM: To study the clinical heterogeneity of fatigue syndrome and evaluate the efficacy of cytoflavin as an addition to standard treatment in patients with Parkinson's disease. MATERIAL AND METHODS: One hundred patients with Parkinson's disease and fatigue took part in the study, 59 patients continued to participate in the study including 59.3% (32) women and 40.7% (27) men. All patients received standard treatment. The equivalent daily dose of levodopa (LEDD) was 736.9±419.1 mg/day. The average age of patients was 67±8.6 (from 65 to 85 years). Cytoflavin was used as an additional therapy in the standard dosage. All patients underwent neuropsychological examination for an estimate of the rate of fatigue, depression, health status, activity, mood and quality of life. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Cytoflavin is well tolerated by patients with Parkinson's disease and fatigue syndrome at the standard dosage. It improves the health, mood, quality of life and reduces fatigue.

[Parkinson's disease and glutamate excitotoxicity]. / Bolezn' Parkinsona i glutamatnaia éksaitotoksichnost'.

AIM: To measure the concentration of glutamate in the serum of patients with Parkinson's disease (PD) and determine its association with clinical variants of disease course. MATERIAL AND METHODS: One hundred and ten patients with PD and 90 healthy people were examined. Glutamate concentration in the blood serum was determined with a spectrophotometric method. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Patients with Parkinson's disease had significantly higher levels of serum glutamate compared with healthy subjects (p<0,0001). Patients with a tremor-dominant subtype had significantly higher levels of serum glutamate compared to those in patients with akinetic-rigid and mixed subtypes. The results obtained allow us to expand our understanding of the pathogenesis of this disease. Changes in the concentration of glutamate may reflect neurodegenerative process in PD.

[Markers for cognitive impairments and variability of glycaemia in patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus]. / Markery kognitivnykh narushenii i variabel'nost' glikemii u patsientov s sakharnym diabetom 1-go tipa.

AIM: To analyze the relationship between the markers of cognitive impairment and the variability of glycaemia in patients with DM type 1. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Patients with DM type 1 and people without DM (the control group) were examined. Neuropsychological testing (MoCA-test), brain MRI and proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy of the brain, as well as parameters of carbohydrate metabolism (fasting blood glucose, glycated hemoglobin and glycemic variability coefficients) were used. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Data on the decrease in the overall performance of the MoCA-test (in particular, on assignments to memory and attention domains), atrophic changes in the cerebral cortex and violations of the content of the main metabolites of brain cells in patients with DM type 1 in comparison with the control group were obtained. A number of positive and negative correlations between these disorders and coefficients of glycemic variability were found in patients with DM type 1. The results suggest a significant negative effect of high levels of glycaemia variability on cognitive functions in patients with DM type 1.