Transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt (TIPS) in Spain. Clinical-epidemiological considerations in relation to a multicenter registry.

OBJECTIVE: this study aimed to determine the epidemiological, technical and clinical data of transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt (TIPS) performed by Interventional Radiology departments in Spain. Furthermore, the total number of TIPS carried out in Spain was determined and compared with other countries. MATERIAL AND METHODS: a retrospective study was performed with the approval of the Ethical Committee of the Spanish Society of Interventional Radiology (SERVEI). A survey was performed with 31 items (demographic, technical and clinical data) for data acquisition on the current status of TIPS in Spain. The survey was sent to the 49 hospitals that SERVEI included in a previous registry with data of TIPS performed in Spain in 2016. RESULTS: of the 49 centers surveyed, 33 (67.35 %) replied to the survey. These centers had completed 265 of the 415 TIPS that year in Spain. The most frequent indication was upper GI bleeding from gastroesophageal varices, which accounted for 144 (54.33 %); 62.26 % of the TIPS were performed urgently and 37.7 % on a scheduled basis. The technical success was 89.16 ± 20.9 %, with a rebleeding rate of 17.9 %. Sixty-nine patients (26.03 %) presented complications, 19.62 % of them minor and 6.41 % major. The 30-day mortality related to the disease was 14.33 %, while mortality at one year was 18.49 %. CONCLUSION: notably in our study, the complications of TIPS did not show a clear relationship with the number of procedures performed. With regard to other countries like the United States and France, the number of TIPS in Spain per million inhabitants is currently substantially lower. There were no significant changes compared to the number completed in 2013.

Safety and efficacy of expanded polytetrafluoroethylene-covered transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunts in children with acute or recurring upper gastrointestinal bleeding.

BACKGROUND: The transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt (TIPS) is effective for treating complications of portal hypertension in cirrhotic adults but the experience in children is limited. OBJECTIVE: To retrospectively review the safety and efficacy of expanded polytetrafluoroethylene (ePTFE)-covered TIPS in children with acute or recurrent gastrointestinal bleeding. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We reviewed the medical records of children who received implants of 10-mm-diameter PTFE-covered endoprostheses for acute or recurring upper gastrointestinal bleeding caused by medically or endoscopically uncontrollable varices. The recurrence of upper gastrointestinal bleeding, associated complications and permeability were assessed with Doppler sonography sequentially or up to transplantation. RESULTS: In all children (n = 12; mean age 9 years; mean weight 30 kg) a single endoprosthesis was implanted with no associated mortality. The mean initial transhepatic gradient was 15 mmHg (range 3-21 mmHg), dropping to 7 mmHg (range 1-12 mmHg) after TIPS. Immediate complications were mild encephalopathy (n = 1) and acute occlusion of the TIPS (n = 1). Stenosis of the TIPS was observed in two children, at 9 months and 54 months follow-up, and thrombosis was observed in two children, at 7 months and 12 months follow-up. All four stenoses/occlusions were resolved with coaxial endoprostheses. CONCLUSION: The safety profile and efficacy of expanded polytetrafluoroethylene (ePTFE)-covered TIPS were satisfactory in this small series of children with acute or recurrent gastrointestinal bleeding.

Percutaneous radiofrequency ablation of renal tumors in solitary kidney patients.

OBJECTIVES: In solitary kidney patients with renal cell carcinoma (RCC), radiofrequency ablation (RFA) could be effective in achieving complete tumor necrosis without increasing the risk of complications or renal failure. To analyze the outcomes of a group of solitary kidney patients treated for RCC by RFA considering tumor size and location, renal function involvement and complications. METHODS: A transversal retrospective study was performed, in which we selected 11 solitary kidney patients with 19 tumors in total treated by RFA for one or more renal tumors. A CT protocol was used for follow up. It included unenhanced series and contrast enhanced series at 1 month, 3-6 months, 12 months and yearly after RFA. Serum creatinine levels of each patient, pre RFA and within the first 48 hours after RFA, were collected. RESULTS: Complete ablation was achieved in 17 tumors (89.4%) after one or two RFA sessions. 100% of exophytic and parenchymal tumors, and 3 cm size or smaller, were completely ablated. Renal failure, immediate complications or more than 24 hours hospitalization were not observed in 10 (90.1%) of our patients. CONCLUSIONS: RFA treatment for RCC in solitary kidney patients has a high success rate; it does not affect renal function and achieves complete initial tumor necrosis, especially in exophytic, parenchymal and 3 cm or smaller lesions.

Late hepatic artery pseudoaneurysm: a rare complication after resection of hilar cholangiocarcinoma.

We report an unusual pathological entity of a pseudoaneurysm of the right hepatic artery, which developed two years after the resection of a type II hilar cholangiocarcinoma and secondary to an excessive skeletonization for regional lymphadenectomy and neoadjuvant external-beam radiotherapy. After a sudden and massive hematemesis, a multidetector computed tomographic angiography (MDCTA) showed a hepatic artery pseudoaneurysm. Angiography with embolization of the pseudoaneurysm was attempted using microcoils with adequate patency of the hepatic artery and the occlusion of the pseudoaneurysm. A new episode of hematemesis 3 wk later revealed a partial revascularization of the pseudoaneurysm. A definitive interventional radiological treatment consisting of transarterial embolization (TAE) of the right hepatic artery with stainless steel coils and polyvinyl alcohol particles was effective and well-tolerated with normal liver function tests and without signs of liver infarction.

[An atypical case of massive gastrointestinal hemorrhage]. / Caso atípico de hemorragia digestiva masiva.

Gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GIST) are an infrequent cause (<1%) of severe gastrointestinal hemorrhage. Treatment is mainly surgical through complete tumoral resection. We report the case of a 29-year-old woman who presented to the emergency room with severe gastrointestinal bleeding manifested by melena. On physical examination the patient had a painless, palpable mass in the left abdomen. Esophagogastroduodenoscopy, computed tomography, angiography and urgent surgical intervention led to diagnosis of a jejunal GIST.

[Utility of arteriography with selective arterial calcium injection for the diagnosis of insulinoma]. / Utilidad de la arteriografía con inyección intraarterial selectiva de calcio en el diagnóstico del insulinoma.

BACKGROUND: Common preoperative imaging techniques for the diagnosis of insulinomas do not lead to an effective localization in 40% cases. We present here our experience with arteriography followed by selective arterial calcium injection (AACI). METHOD: Retrospective review of AACIs and other techniques performed in patients with endogenous hyperinsulinism. RESULTS: AACI either localized the tumor or at least conditional its surgical resection in nine out of 11 cases. In 2 out of 11 patients, the test yielded a negative result (factitious hypoglycemia). Only 4 tumors were identified by other techniques. CONCLUSIONS: AACI is a first-choice technique for the preoperative localization of insulinomas. It may also help rule out other causes of hypoglycemia.

Bronchial artery aneurysm treated with aortic stent graft and fibrin sealant.

Bronchial artery aneurysm occurs rarely but can cause a life-threatening hemorrhage when it ruptures. The traditional therapy has been aneurysm resection or transcatheter arterial embolization. We report a case of mediastinal bronchial artery aneurysm which could not be occluded with transcatheter arterial embolization and instead was treated with a thoracic aortic stent graft and embolization with fibrin sealant.