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1.
PLoS One ; 10(7): e0134850, 2015.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-26230260

RESUMO

The Hepatitis B Virus (HBV) can cause acute or chronic infection it is also associated with the development of liver cancer, thousands of new infections occur on a yearly basis, and many of these cases are located in certain areas of the Caribbean and Latin America. In these areas, the HBV prevalence is still high which makes this virus a serious public health concern to the entire region. Studies performed in Panama suggest a complex pattern in the distribution of HBV among the country's different risk groups. We use phylogenetic analysis in order to determine which HBV genotypes were circulating in these specific groups; for this we used a fragment of the PreS2/2 region of the HBV genome. Subsequently whole HBV genome sequences were used for Bayesian analysis of phylodynamics and phylogeography. Two main genotypes were found: genotype A (54.5%) and genotype F (45.5%). There was a difference in the distribution of genotypes according to risk groups: 72.9% of high risk groups were associated to genotype A, and 55.0% of samples of genotype F were associated to the low risk group (p<0.002). The Bayesian analysis of phylogeny-traits association revealed a statistically significant geographical association (p<0.0001) with both genotypes and different regions of the country. The Bayesian time of most recent common ancestor analysis (tMRCA) revealed a recent tMRCA for genotype A2 circulating in Panama (1997, 95% HPD: 1986-2005), when it is compared with Panamanian genotype F1c sequences (1930, 95% HPD: 1810 - 2005). These results suggest a possible change in the distribution of HBV genotypes in Panama and Latin America as a whole. They also serve to encourage the implementation of vaccination programs in high-risk groups, in order to prevent an increase in the number of new HBV cases in Latin America and worldwide.


Assuntos
Vírus da Hepatite B/classificação , Filogenia , Genótipo , Vírus da Hepatite B/genética , Panamá
2.
PLoS One ; 9(8): e103545, 2014.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-25093674

RESUMO

Hepatitis B Virus (HBV) is an infectious agent that causes more than half of the cases of liver disease and cancer in the world. Globally there are around 250 million people chronically infected with this virus. Despite 16% of the cases of liver disease in Central America are caused by HBV, the information regarding its genetic diversity, genotypes and circulation is scarce. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the genetic variability of the HBV genotypes from HBV-DNA positive samples obtained from screening blood donors at the Social Security System of Panama and to estimate its possible origin. From 59,696 blood donors tested for HBV infection during 2010-2012, there were 74 HBV-DNA positive subjects. Analysis of the partial PreS2-S region of 27 sequences shows that 21% of the infections were caused by genotype A, 3% by genotype D and 76% by genotype F. In addition, we were able to confirm circulation of six sub-genotypes A1, A2, A3, D4, F3, F1 and a proposed new sub-genotype denominated F5pan. We found a confinement of sub-genotypes F1 and F5pan to the western area of Panama. The tMRCA analysis suggests a simultaneous circulation of previously described sub-genotypes rather than recent introductions of the Panamanian sub-genotypes in the country. Moreover, these results highlight the need of more intensive research of the HBV strains circulating in the region at the molecular level. In conclusion, Panama has a high HBV genotype diversity that includes a new proposed sub-genotype, an elevated number of PreCore-Core mutations, and confinement of these variants in a specific geographical location.


Assuntos
Doadores de Sangue , Variação Genética , Vírus da Hepatite B/genética , Hepatite B/virologia , Doadores de Sangue/estatística & dados numéricos , Análise Mutacional de DNA , DNA Viral/genética , Genótipo , Hepatite B/sangue , Hepatite B/epidemiologia , Antígenos E da Hepatite B/sangue , Antígenos E da Hepatite B/imunologia , Vírus da Hepatite B/imunologia , Humanos , Dados de Sequência Molecular , Panamá/epidemiologia , Filogenia , Análise de Sequência de DNA , Estudos Soroepidemiológicos
3.
Emerg Infect Dis ; 10(9): 1635-42, 2004 Sep.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-15498167

RESUMO

An outbreak of hantavirus pulmonary syndrome occurred in the province of Los Santos, Panama, in late 1999 and early 2000. Eleven cases were identified; 9 were confirmed by serology. Three cases were fatal; however, no confirmed case-patient died. Case-neighborhood serologic surveys resulted in an overall hantavirus antibody prevalence of 13% among household and neighborhood members from the outbreak foci. Epidemiologic investigations did not suggest person-to-person transmission of hantavirus infection. By use of Sin Nombre virus antigen, hantavirus antibodies were detected in Oligoryzomys fulvescens and Zygodontomys brevicauda cherriei. This outbreak resulted in the first documented cases of human hantavirus infections in Central America.


Assuntos
Síndrome Pulmonar por Hantavirus/epidemiologia , Adolescente , Adulto , Idoso , Animais , Anticorpos Antivirais/sangue , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Surtos de Doenças , Reservatórios de Doenças , Feminino , Orthohantavírus/imunologia , Síndrome Pulmonar por Hantavirus/diagnóstico , Inquéritos Epidemiológicos , Humanos , Lactente , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Panamá/epidemiologia , Vigilância da População , Roedores/virologia
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