Horizontal ridge augmentation with guided bone regeneration using particulate xenogenic bone substitutes with or without autogenous block grafts: A randomized controlled trial.

BACKGROUND: To evaluate dimensional bone alterations following horizontal ridge augmentation using guided bone regeneration (GBR) with or without autogenous block graft (ABG) for the rehabilitation of atrophic jaws with dental implants. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Forty-two patients, with 42 severe horizontal bone atrophy sites in the maxilla or mandible were randomly assigned to two groups: ABG or GBR. The ABG group received a combination of ABG with particulate xenograft, covered by a collagen membrane, while the GBR group received particulate xenograft alone, covered by a collagen membrane. After 6-9 months of healing, implants were inserted. All implants were definitively restored 6 months after implant placement. Radiographic examination (cone-beam computed tomograms) was performed immediately after bone grafting procedure (T0), at 6 months (T6), and at 18 months (T18), to evaluate the amount of horizontal bone width (HBW) gain. Patient demographic information, amount of ridge width augmentation, implant survival, complications, and contributing factors were gathered and analyzed. RESULTS: Thirty-nine patients completed the study. Both groups developed enough bone ridge width for implant placement. A total of 65 implants were placed. Implant survival rate was 100% in both groups at T18. Mean increases in HBW amounted to 5.6 ± 1.35 mm in GBR sites and 4.8 ± 0.79 mm in ABG sites at T18. There was no statistically significant difference in HBW gain obtained in the GBR group when compared to the ABG group at 6 months (P = 0.26) or 18 months (P = 0.26). However, the ABG group had a statistically significant higher prevalence of sensory disturbances (P = 0.02) and hematomas (P = 0.002) compared to the GBR group. CONCLUSION: These findings indicated that either GBR with or without ABG is an effective approach in augmenting resorbed horizontal deficient ridges prior to implant placement. However, more complications may be seen with the use of ABG related to the donor sites.

[Industrial bronchitis in workers exposed to hydroalcohol]. / Bronquitis industrial en trabajadores expuestos a hidroalcoholes.

OBJECTIVE: To identify the association between industrial bronchitis and exposure to hydroalcohol. METHODS: In a prospective study, 80 workers exposed to hydroalcohol answered a standardized questionnaire and had two spirometry tests based on the American Thorax Society (ATS) criteria, to evaluate functional capacity and predominant spirometric patterns. The test included the parameters: forced vital capacity (FVC), forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1), the ratio FEV1/FVC, the peak expiratory flow (PEF), the forced expiratory flow 25-50 (FEF50) and the forced expiratory flow 25-75% (FEF 25%-75%). Fisher exact test was used to identify differences. An environmental sampling of hydroalcohols was done as well. RESULTS: 85 % Of workers were women and 15 % men, with respiratory symptoms as follows: 25 % with cough and expectoration, 14 % thoracic pressure feeling, 23 % dyspnea; 36 % eye, nose or throat irritation. The spirometry results were: 25 % for pulmonary normal pattern; 66 % had obstructive pattern; 3 % had restrictive patterns and 6 % mixed pattern. 25 % of workers with obstructive pattern and 10 % of normal pattern had symptoms. It was obtained an OR = 1.9 (95 % CI = 1.135-3.195; p = 0.021) for the time of exposure to hydroalcohols and the presence of industrial bronchitis. The monitoring of hydroalcohols reported: 131.1 mg/m3 for isopropyl alcohol and 438.3 mg/m3; 49 workers (61 %) had bronchitis symptoms and 58 (72 %) showed obstructive or mixed patterns in the spirometry tests. The exposure to hydroalcohols was below the limits established by the Mexican Official Norm.

[Acute silicosis. An infrequent pneumoconiosis]. / Silicosis aguda, una neumoconiosis rara.

BACKGROUND: Acute Silicosis was first described in 1900 by Betts. It's also denominated as silicoproteinosis. It's an infrequent way of pneumoconiosis which is produced when sandblasting. CLINICAL CASE: 27 year old male who has been working for four years in a glass shop, etching them through sandblasting. Four years before with dyspnea on exertion rapidly progressing. Coughing spell, emetic and wheezing, with daily hyaline expectoration of 50 cc, yearly weight loss of 44 lbs and intense chest pain. Breathing rates 36X'. He was polypneic, with basal bilateral crackling rales. Thorax X-rays shows Mengeaux Festoon, right lung apex, rounded opacities between 3 and 10 mm in diameter, type 2/2 r/r in the ILO 2000 Classification. Opacities in the left lung flux to mix into a honeycomb shape type B silicoma. Cardiac silhouette frayed and Grade 1 Cardiomegaly. Dies five years after his condition started. CONCLUSIONS: This kind of operations should be prohibited unless an industrial safety program using a Self-Contained Breathing Apparatus (SCBA) is applied.

Introducción: la silicosis aguda fue descrita inicialmente en 1900 por Betts. Se le denomina también silicoproteinosis alveolar. Es una forma infrecuente de neumoconiosis producida al utilizar chorro de arena (sandblast) para pulir. Caso clínico: masculino de 27 años, trabajó 4 años en un expendio de vidrios, esmerilándolos por medio de chorro de arena. Padecimiento de 4 años con disnea de esfuerzos rápidamente progresiva hasta mínimos esfuerzos, tos seca, emetizante y disneizante, con expectoración hialina 50 ml diarios, pérdida de 20 kg de peso en 1 año y dolor torácico generalizado de tipo pungitivo intenso. Frecuencia respiratoria 36X´ frecuencia cardiaca 120X´, estertores crepitantes basales bilaterales. En la telerradiografía de tórax se observa festón de Mengeaux en hemidiafragma derecho y en el vértice derecho, opacidades redondeadas entre 3 y 10 mm de diámetro tipo 2/2 r/r de la Clasificación de la OIT, 2000. En el pulmón izquierdo las opacidades confluyen formando un silicoma tipo B e imágenes en panal de abeja. Silueta cardiaca deshilachada y cardiomegalia grado 1. Fallece a los 5 años de iniciado su padecimiento. Conclusiones: se deben prohibir estas operaciones o aplicar programa de higiene industrial con uso de respirador autónomo.

Cement dust exposition and bronchioalveolitis. A case report.

The goal of the current investigation was to report an unusual case of a worker acutely exposed to big amounts of cement dust. This exposure caused chemical bronchioalveolitis and dermatitis due to chromium contact. This person suffered the exposure when a cement deposit exploded at work. This exposed the worker to big amounts of cement dust. After the accident, the individual suffered dyspnea and bilateral basal pulmonary crackles. The subject also presented an atypical restrictive pattern, which could also be seen on X-rays as 1/1 q/q images of the classification of 2000 of the International Labour Organization (ILO), and a bulging of a pulmonary artery. A restrictive pattern pure atypical was observed, and arterial blood gas with hipoxemia. A treatment with steroids was prescribed and the worker showed some improvement. There is high risk of developing pulmonary fibrosis with the progressive evolution in stages of the bronchioalveolitis, even when the subject is isolated. Therefore, it would be very convenient to create a specialized medical center where workers that have this kind of accidents can have the proper care by qualified personnel.

El objetivo de esta publicación es informar del caso poco habitual de un trabajador expuesto de forma aguda a grandes cantidades de cemento, lo cual le produjo un cuadro de broncoalveolitis química industrial y dermatitis de contacto por cromo. El trabajador sufrió un accidente de trabajo cuando se rompió un depósito de cemento y lo expuso a cantidades muy elevadas del polvo de cemento. Presentó disnea de grandes esfuerzos, con estertores crepitantes basales bilaterales. Tuvo, asimismo, una frecuencia respiratoria de 32 por minuto y rash cutáneo. La espirometría mostró un patrón restrictivo atípico incipiente que se correlacionó radiográficamente con imágenes 1/1 q/q de la Clasificación del 2000 de la Organización Internacional del Trabajo (OIT) y abombamiento de la arteria pulmonar. En la gasometría arterial efectuada al trabajador se encontró hipoxemia en posición de decúbito supino. Se prescribió tratamiento esteroideo con mejoría del padecimiento. Dado que hay un alto riesgo de que la fase aguda de las broncoalveolitis termine en fibrosis pulmonar por su evolución en etapas (pues son progresivas aunque se suspenda la exposición), se sugiere crear un servicio especializado, atendido por personal calificado, para el manejo médico de este tipo de accidentes.

Prediction equations for spirometric parameters in Mexican adult population.

BACKGROUND: Our objective was to develop prediction equations for spirometric parameters that included the following: forced vital capacity (FVC); 1st-sec forced expiratory volume (FEV1); FEV1/FVC ratio; peak expiratory flow (PEF); maximal expiratory flow 50% FVC (VF50) and maximal expiratory flow 75% FVC (VF75); maximal mid-expiratory flow (FEF25-75), and forced late expiratory flow rate (FEF75-85) in a sample of adult Mexican population of both sexes. Age and height variables were utilized. METHODS: Spirometric studies were carried out, observing the international recommendations and norms in force and effected under basal conditions and post-bronchodilator. Linear regression equations were generated based on gender, age, and height. For each spirometric parameter, we selected a linear model. Studies were carried out with spirometry that was in agreement with quality criteria recommended by the American Thoracic Society (ATS). Bronchodilatator administration allowed for elimination of subjects with subclinical bronchial hyperreactivity RESULTS: We studied 436 patients with normal clinical radiographic and pulmonary function, with negative smoking and age range between 17 and 63 years; 206 were females and 230, males. Linear regression equations obtained had direct linear correlation with height and inverse linear correlation with age; in addition, equations had a determination coefficient equal to or less than those reported by authors recommended by the ATS. CONCLUSIONS: Equations obtained in this study possessed the quality required for application in adult Mexican population exposed or not to occupational and environmental contaminants.

Enfoque clínico del recién nacido y lactante hipotónico / Neonatal hypotonia

El síndrome del niño hipotónico es una entidad bien reconocida por pediatras y neonatólogos. Se refiere a un niño con hipotonía generalizada presente desde el nacimiento o infancia precoz. Es el signo de disfunción neurológica más frecuente en el recién nacido y lactante, resultado de injurias agudas o crónicas a cualquier nivel del sistema nervioso, desde la corteza cerebral al músculo. Por la multiplicidad de causas y condiciones que subyacen a la hipotonía es imprescindible un enfoque ordenado y sistemático en la evaluación del niño hipotónico.

Floppy infant syndrome is a well recognized entity for pediatricians and neonatologists. It refers to a child with decreased muscle tone present at birth or in early infancy. It is the commonest sign of neurological dysfunction in newborns and infants, which can result from acute or chronic injuries at any level of the nervous system from cerebral cortex to muscle. Because of the multiple causes and conditions underlying hypotonia, asystematic assessment is essential in the approach to the floppy infant.