RESUMO
Following a CBRN incident, first responders use decontamination procedures to reduce the risk of exposure. The effect of decontamination on forensic trace material has, however, not been fully examined. This study sought to evaluate the effect of five different physical or chemical decontamination materials on the recovery of latent fingerprints. Fingerprints were deposited on glass slides, decontaminated, and assessed on the presence of ridge detail. The results demonstrate that decontamination affects the quality of latent fingerprints substantially. On at least 61% of the fingerprints, a reduced amount of ridge detail was observed upon decontamination. Furthermore, development with cyanoacrylate appeared not to succeed anymore. Instead, the ability of vacuum metal deposition to successfully develop decontaminated fingerprints is demonstrated. The results from this study may contribute to an increased forensic awareness regarding decontamination and emphasize the necessity for further research into new item decontamination procedures or new forensic initiatives prior to decontamination.
Assuntos
Descontaminação/métodos , Dermatoglifia , Vidro , Cianoacrilatos , Desinfetantes , Feminino , Ouro , Humanos , Masculino , Sabões , Hipoclorito de Sódio , Vácuo , Volatilização , Água , ZincoRESUMO
Bordetella pertussis is re-emerging in several countries with a high vaccine uptake. Analysis of clinical isolates revealed antigenic divergence between vaccine strains and circulating strains with respect to P.69 pertactin. Polymorphisms in P.69 pertactin are mainly limited to regions comprised of amino acid repeats, designated region 1 and region 2. Region 1 flanks the RGD motif involved in adherence. Although antibodies against P.69 pertactin are implicated in protective immunity, little is known about the structure and location of its epitopes. Previously we described the localization of mainly linear epitopes of both human sera and mouse monoclonal antibodies (mAbs). To study the location of conformational epitopes and to investigate the effect of variation in P.69 pertactin on vaccine efficacy, we cloned, expressed, and purified 3 naturally occurring P.69 pertactin variants, 3 mutants in which the variable regions are missing, 3 N-terminal mutants and 1 C-terminal deletion mutant. Here, we describe the procedure to clone, express, and purify up to 0.1mg P.69 pertactin and its derivatives per 1 ml Escherichia coli culture.
Assuntos
Proteínas da Membrana Bacteriana Externa/biossíntese , Proteínas da Membrana Bacteriana Externa/imunologia , Bordetella pertussis/imunologia , Bordetella pertussis/patogenicidade , Fatores de Virulência de Bordetella/biossíntese , Fatores de Virulência de Bordetella/imunologia , Proteínas da Membrana Bacteriana Externa/química , Proteínas da Membrana Bacteriana Externa/genética , Sequência de Bases , Bordetella pertussis/genética , Dicroísmo Circular , Clonagem Molecular , DNA Bacteriano/genética , Escherichia coli/genética , Escherichia coli/metabolismo , Expressão Gênica , Genes Bacterianos , Variação Genética , Humanos , Corpos de Inclusão/química , Vacina contra Coqueluche/genética , Plasmídeos/genética , Dobramento de Proteína , Proteínas Recombinantes/biossíntese , Proteínas Recombinantes/química , Proteínas Recombinantes/genética , Proteínas Recombinantes/imunologia , Deleção de Sequência , Virulência/genética , Virulência/imunologia , Fatores de Virulência de Bordetella/química , Fatores de Virulência de Bordetella/genéticaRESUMO
Airways display robust NF-kappaB activation and represent targets for anti-inflammatory asthma therapies, but the functional importance of NF-kappaB activation in airway epithelium remains enigmatic. Therefore, transgenic mice were created in which NF-kappaB activation is repressed specifically in airways (CC10-IkappaBalpha(SR) mice). In response to inhaled Ag, transgenic mice demonstrated significantly ameliorated inflammation, reduced levels of chemokines, T cell cytokines, mucus cell metaplasia, and circulating IgE compared with littermate controls. Despite these findings, Ag-driven airways hyperresponsiveness was not attenuated in CC10-IkappaBalpha(SR) mice. This study clearly demonstrates that airway epithelial NF-kappaB activation orchestrates Ag-induced inflammation and subsequent adaptive immune responses, but does not contribute to airways hyperresponsiveness, the cardinal feature that underlies asthma.