Change in Gait Deviation Index after anti-tumour necrosis factor-α treatment in individuals with rheumatoid arthritis: a pilot study.

OBJECTIVES: Anti-tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) inhibitors provide fast, effective resolution of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) inflammation. In this study we aimed to quantify the impact of TNF-α treatment on gait dynamics. METHOD: The sample comprised 16 subjects [11 female, median age 56 (range 48-66) years, median disease duration 9.5 (range 4.6-20.6) years] with RA who met the American College of Rheumatology (ACR) criteria, had lower extremity involvement, did not use walking aids, and had started TNF-α treatment within 1 week of baseline gait analysis. Gait analysis focused on three-dimensional (3D) lower extremity joint kinematics, kinetics, time and distance parameters. The Gait Deviation Index (GDI) and GDI-Kinetic were calculated. Data on gait, disease activity, and physical disability were collected at baseline and at 3.5 months. RESULTS: Following treatment with TNF-α, statistically significant improvements were found in disease activity [using the 28-joint Disease Activity Score based on C-reactive protein (DAS28-CRP); median difference (m(d)) = 2.3, p < 0.01], physical disability [Health Assessment Questionnaire (HAQ) m(d) = 0.4, p < 0.01], and pain during walking [visual analogue scale (VAS) m(d) = 11.0, p < 0.05]. Reductions in gait deviations were noted (GDI m(d) = 3.7, p = 0.04; GDI-Kinetic m(d) = 4.1, p = 0.05) along with reductions in dimensionless time and distance parameters. A moderate to good negative correlation existed between baseline GDI and GDI change scores (r(s) = -0.7, p < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS: Treatment with TNF-α improved gait dynamics in adults with RA. Significant gait deviations were, however, still present after treatment. In this study, GDI and GDI-Kinetic scores appeared to be useful outcome measures to quantify changes in gait deviations after this intervention.

[Salter 1 medial collarbone epiphysiolysis with acute posterior displacement in the immature skeleton]. / Epifisiólisis de clavícula medial tipo Salter 1 con desplazamiento posterior agudo en el esqueleto inmaduro.

Sternoclavicular epiphysiolysis is a rare lesion, the posterior variant being even less common. Its clinical presentation may be subtle, or it may compromise mediastinal structures, either initially or during evolution, which is a serious and potentially fatal picture. This case report documents sternoclavicular dissociation in a patient with an immature skeleton, given by a Salter and Harris 1-type injury, which was surgically treated by open reduction and internal fixation with transosseous configuration with non-reabsorbable suture. With a 10-month follow-up and excellent results. This technique seems to be a good option for the treatment of sternoclavicular dislocation in the schematically immature patient, regaining function and avoiding complications.

La epifisiólisis esternoclavicular es una lesión rara, siendo la variante posterior aún menos frecuente. Su presentación clínica puede ser sutil o puede comprometer estructuras mediastinales, ya sea inicialmente o durante la evolución, lo que constituye un cuadro grave y potencialmente fatal. Este reporte de caso documenta una disociación esternoclavicular en un paciente con esqueleto inmaduro, dada por una lesión fisaria tipo Salter y Harris 1, la que se trató quirúrgicamente mediante reducción abierta y fijación interna con lazadas en ocho transóseas con sutura no reabsorbible. Con un seguimiento de 10 meses y resultados excelentes. Esta técnica parece ser una buena opción para el tratamiento de luxación esternoclavicular en el paciente esquemáticamente inmaduro, recuperando la función y evitando complicaciones.

Epifisiólisis de clavícula medial tipo Salter 1 con desplazamiento posterior agudo en el esqueleto inmaduro / Salter 1 medial collarbone epiphysiolysis with acute posterior displacement in the immature skeleton

Resumen: La epifisiólisis esternoclavicular es una lesión rara, siendo la variante posterior aún menos frecuente. Su presentación clínica puede ser sutil o puede comprometer estructuras mediastinales, ya sea inicialmente o durante la evolución, lo que constituye un cuadro grave y potencialmente fatal. Este reporte de caso documenta una disociación esternoclavicular en un paciente con esqueleto inmaduro, dada por una lesión fisaria tipo Salter y Harris 1, la que se trató quirúrgicamente mediante reducción abierta y fijación interna con lazadas en ocho transóseas con sutura no reabsorbible. Con un seguimiento de 10 meses y resultados excelentes. Esta técnica parece ser una buena opción para el tratamiento de luxación esternoclavicular en el paciente esquemáticamente inmaduro, recuperando la función y evitando complicaciones.

Abstract: Sternoclavicular epiphysiolysis is a rare lesion, the posterior variant being even less common. Its clinical presentation may be subtle, or it may compromise mediastinal structures, either initially or during evolution, which is a serious and potentially fatal picture. This case report documents sternoclavicular dissociation in a patient with an immature skeleton, given by a Salter and Harris 1-type injury, which was surgically treated by open reduction and internal fixation with transosseous configuration with non-reabsorbable suture. With a 10-month follow-up and excellent results. This technique seems to be a good option for the treatment of sternoclavicular dislocation in the schematically immature patient, regaining function and avoiding complications.