[Behaviour and attitudes towards the sexuality of the pregnant woman during the last trimester. Phenomenological study]. / Comportamiento y actitud frente a la sexualidad de la mujer embarazada durante el último trimestre. Estudio fenomenológico.

OBJECTIVE: To explore the life experiences on sexual relationships in the third trimester of pregnancy in primiparous women. DESIGN: Phenomenological qualitative study, SITE: Cáceres (Extremadura). PARTICIPANTS: Primiparous women in the third trimester of their pregnancy. METHODS: We use theoretical sampling, was conducted on pregnant primiparous. The study included 15 participants. The data was collected using in-depth interviews, that were voiced recorded and later transcribed. The analysis was made using Giorgi's proposal. RESULTS: The results show three main points. Fear of doing damage, mediated by the obstetric history and the desire to have the long-awaited child. Exploring new routes: forms of sexual expression are modified by the physical changes, the fears, and the mobility. Highlighting the importance of other displays of affection and love (kisses and caresses). The Sex Taboo: lack of information against sexuality during pregnancy is still common. CONCLUSIONS: Women in the third trimester of their pregnancy put aside their sexual appetite and that of their partners, and concentrate in the wellbeing of their new born baby. It highlights the role of the mother before the couple. The more desired and difficult the pregnancy has been, the more the sexual life is reduced. The Health Professionals must advise and inform the couples with an open-minded attitude.

[Sexual risk behaviours and PAP testing in university women vaccinated against human papillomavirus]. / Conductas sexuales de riesgo y actividades preventivas frente al cáncer de cuello uterino en mujeres universitarias vacunadas frente al VPH.

AIM: To estimate the association between the human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine and sexual risk behaviour, as well as the participation in the Cervical Cancer Screening Program (CCSP). DESIGN: Cross-sectional study. LOCATION: School of Medicine and Health Sciences, School of Law, and School of Economics and Business (University of Oviedo). PARTICIPANTS: Female university students. MAIN MEASUREMENTS: Information was collected about contraceptive methods, sexual behaviours, HPV knowledge, and participation in the CCSP. Furthermore, proportions and odds ratio (OR) were estimated with their corresponding 95% confidence intervals (95%CI). RESULTS: Approximately two-thirds (67.7%) of the sample was vaccinated against HPV, and 216 women (65.3%) were sexually active. Barrier contraceptive methods were used by 67.6% during their current intimate relationships, being less frequent in non-vaccinated women (54.9% vs. 75.4% in vaccinated female students) (P=.002). The risk of having at least one sexual risk behaviour was higher in non-vaccinated women: OR2.29 (95%CI: 1.29-4.07). In addition, the probability of having a PAP test within the CCSP was higher in non-vaccinated women: OR2.18 (95%CI: 1.07-4.47). CONCLUSIONS: The prevalence of sexual risk behaviours in non-vaccinated women is elevated, and it is related to the lack of use of barrier contraceptive methods. The vaccination against HPV could affect sexual behaviours and the participation in the CCSP. Therefore, the information received by young people about contraceptive methods, sexually transmitted diseases, and cancer prevention should be reinforced.

Effect of electrolytic lesion of the dorsomedial striatum on sexual behaviour and locomotor activity in rats. / Efecto de la lesión electrolítica del estriado dorsomedial sobre la conducta sexual y actividad locomotora de la rata.

INTRODUCTION: Cortical motor areas are influenced not only by peripheral sensory afferents and prefrontal association areas, but also by the basal ganglia, specifically the striatum. The dorsomedial striatum (DMS) and dorsolateral striatum are involved in both spatial and stimulus-response learning; however, each of these areas may mediate different components of learning. The aim of the study is to determine the effect of electrolytic lesion to the DMS on the learning and performance of sexual behaviour and locomotor activity in male rats. METHOD: Once the subjects had learned to perform motor tests of balance, maze navigation, ramp ascent, and sexual behaviour, they underwent electrolytic lesion to the DMS. Five days later, the tests were repeated on 2 occasions and researchers compared performance latencies for each test. RESULTS: Average latency values for performance on the maze and balance tests were higher after the lesion. However, the average values for the ramp test and for sexual behaviour did not differ between groups. CONCLUSIONS: Electrolytic lesion of the DMS modifies the performance of locomotor activity (maze test and balance), but not of sexual behaviour.

Hepatitis C virus infection and its relationship to certain sexual practices in men-who-have-sex-with-men in Spain: results from the European MSM internet survey (EMIS).

OBJECTIVES: To compare sexual practices and risk behaviours between MSM who were first diagnosed with hepatitis C (HCV) in the previous 12 months and those who were never diagnosed; and, to identify factors associated with a diagnosis of HCV. METHODS: The European-MSM-Internet-Survey (EMIS) was implemented for 3 months during 2010, mainly on websites for MSM. Data on socio-demographic characteristics, sexual behaviour, drug use, STI history, and other sexual health variables were collected. The Chi-square test and logistic regression analysis were used to analyse the data. RESULTS: Data from 13,111 respondents were analysed. The proportion of MSM who had ever been diagnosed with HCV infection was 1.9% (n=250), and of those currently infected with the virus was 0.6% (n=78). The percentage of those first diagnosed in the last 12 months was 0.4% (n=46), of whom 70% were HIV-negative and 22% had HIV coinfection. Having a first diagnosis of HCV in the last 12 months was more common among HIV-positive than among HIV-negative MSM (0.9% vs 0.4%) and among MSM born abroad than among Spanish-born (0.7% vs 0.3%). MSM diagnosed with HCV in the last 12 months were more likely to have had: more than 10 sexual partners, sex abroad, receptive anal intercourse, insertive/receptive fisting, and unprotected anal intercourse with non-steady partners of unknown or discordant HIV-status. Likewise, they reported more frequent visits to sex-focused venues, higher drug use, as well as a higher proportion of STI diagnosis. In the multivariate model, visiting a public sex-focused venue, practicing receptive fisting, using erection enhancing medication and having a diagnosis of syphilis were independently associated with a first diagnosis of HCV in the last 12 months. CONCLUSIONS: HCV infection does not seem to be restricted to HIV-infected MSM. Certain sexual behaviour (fisting, visiting sex-focused venues), drug use, and ulcerative STI seem to be associated with a diagnosis of HCV.

Activation of the cerebellum by olfactory stimulation in sexually naive male rats.

INTRODUCTION: The cerebellum has been linked to multiple functions, such as motor control, cognition, memory, and emotional processing. As for its involvement in the sensory systems, the role of the cerebellum in the sense of smell remains unclear. We suggest that sexually naive male rats will present increased neuronal activity in the cerebellar vermis after being stimulated with almond odour or oestrous odour from receptive females. METHODS: We compared activity in the cerebellar vermis using Fos immunoreactivity after olfactory stimulation. Stimulation took place during 60 min in a cube-shaped acrylic chamber with a double bottom. Stimuli were clean woodchip bedding, bedding with almond extract, and bedding taken from a cage of receptive females. Male rats were subsequently anaesthetised with intraperitoneal sodium pentobarbital. Cerebellar tissue was fixed with paraformaldehyde for later immunohistochemical analysis. RESULTS: The number of Fos immunoreactive cells in all lobes of the cerebellar vermis was similar between groups stimulated with almond extract and with oestrous odour, and higher than in the clean woodchip group. CONCLUSIONS: Stimulation of the main olfactory system (almond) and the accessory system (oestrous odour) increases Fos protein production in the granular layer of the cortex of the cerebellar vermis in naive male rats.

Otorhinolaryngological manifestations in monkeypox.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: In the current health emergency declared by the World Health Organization (WHO) for monkeypox, few data on the otorhinolaryngological (ENT) manifestations of the disease have been detailed. The purpose of this study is to describe the clinical features of the ENT manifestations in monkeypox. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Descriptive analysis of 11 consecutive patients with odynodysphagia or oral cavity lesions referred to the ENT emergency department of a tertiary hospital with epidemiological risk factors suggestive of monkeypox infection. Clinical, diagnostic and treatment findings are described. RESULTS: 90.9% of the patients had previous unsafe sexual contact. The predominant presenting features included fever over 38 °C with severe odynodysphagia. Physical examination showed ulcers and exudative lesions of variable presentation in the upper respiratory tract. Smear of the lesions confirmed polymerase chain reaction (PCR) positivity for monkeypox in all patients. CONCLUSIONS: Monkeypox virus infection can occur in the ENT area with multiple manifestations that require a high degree of epidemiological suspicion and confirmation with PCR to reach a diagnosis of certainty.

[Has sexuality changed in pregnancy? Baby boom generation versus millennial generation]. / ¿Ha variado la sexualidad en el embarazo? Generación baby boom versus generación millennial.

Sexuality is a complex and multidimensional phenomenon that constitutes a fundamental component in human relationships. Pregnancy is a crucial period in women's life and the physiological changes that happen in this period affect their sexuality. OBJECTIVE: Knowing how pregnancy impacts on sexual behaviors in millenial generation compared to baby boom generation. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Descriptive and cross-sectional study, by means of a self-completed, population-based survey, to a sample of pregnant women in the third trimester of gestation who attended Primary Care. A descriptive study of the frequency distribution of all the variables was carried out. RESULTS: In baby boom generation and millennial generation, it is observed that during pregnancy couple's attraction decreases slightly. According to variables desire and frequency of intercourse, results obtained show that as the pregnancy progresses there is a marked decrease in desire and intercourse frequency. Women state that they do not have enough information about sexuality in their current state, despite years having passed. CONCLUSIONS: During last 35 years, sexual behaviors have not changed in pregnant women. In both generations, changes in desire and intercourse domains were particularly significant, being in third trimester of pregnancy when frequency of intercourse decline. Pregnant women continue to hold erroneous beliefs about sexuality and request more sexual education.

[Sexism and intimate partner violence in adolescents]. / Sexismo y violencia de pareja en adolescentes.

OBJECTIVE: Despite the efforts to reduce gender inequality, sexism persists. There are still few studies on this matter that consider variables such as sexual desire or migration background. The aim of this study is to analyse the social circumstances (individual and from the immediate context) associated with sexism as well as its relationship with intimate partner violence perpetration amongst adolescents. METHOD: Cross-sectional study with 1421 students aged 13-17 from Alicante and Terrassa (2019-2021). Sexism was measured with the Ambivalent Sexism Inventory, which assesses ambivalent, hostile and benevolent sexism. Generalized linear models were carried out and stratified by sex to identify variables associated with sexism. A logistic regression model was used to assess the association between sexism and intimate partner violence. RESULTS: The likelihood of a high score in ambivalent sexism was higher in migrants (girls and boys: p<0.01) and adolescents with migrant parents (girls: p<0.01; boys: p<0.05). Non-heterosexual desire was negatively associated with sexism in girls (benevolent: p<0.01) and boys (ambivalent and hostile: p<0.01; benevolent: p<0.05). Hostile sexism showed association with intimate partner violence perpetration, independently of the rest of the adjustment variables included in the model, for both girls (odds ratio [OR]: 1.07; 95% confidence interval [95% CI]: 1.00-1.14) and boys (OR: 1.11; 95% CI: 1.03-1.20). CONCLUSIONS: Sexism is present amongst teenagers and its relationship with intimate partner violence is confirmed. Sexual desire and migration background should be taken into account for intimate partner violence prevention.

[DIFFERENCES IN SEXUAL NEGOTIATION STYLES AND SEXUAL SELF-EFFICACY IN USE OF CONDOM IN UNIVERSITY MEN AND WOMAN OF QUERETARO, MEXICO, 2018].

OBJECTIVE: To compare sexual negotiation levels and self-efficacy in male condom use in men and women. METHODS: Comparative crosssectional study of undergraduate students carried out during the year 2018 in a private university in the city of Querétaro, Mexico. Non-probabilistic sampling was used. Measured variables included sociodemographic characteristics, risky sexual behaviors, negotiation skills and sexual self-efficacy for condom use. The Mann Whitney U test and non-parametric variance analysis (Kruskal - Wallis) were used. RESULTS: Overall, 270 students were enrolled; 89.6% of university students were sexually active; the mean age of sexual activity initiation was 15.41 years. The average reported number of sexual partners was 4.2. In each sexual relation, 27.8% had used a condom. Differences were found between men and women in terms of sexual negotiation styles in the avoidance (p=0.04) and accommodation (p<0.00) domains, with higher scores for men compared to women. Women scored higher for self-efficacy in condom use (p<0.001). CONCLUSIONS: The young university students interviewed engage in risky sexual activities. Women exhibit greater sexual self-efficacy as well as better skills at negotiating condom use. Strengthening public policies targeted to the student population for the prevention of risky sexual behavior is needed. Further studies on interventions aimed at building strong sexual negotiation and self-efficacy among adolescents are required.

TITULO: DIFERENCIAS EN LOS ESTILOS DE NEGOCIACIÓN SEXUAL Y AUTOEFICACIA EN EL USO DEL CONDÓN EN HOMBRES Y MUJERES UNIVERSITARIOS DE QUERÉTARO, MÉXICO, 2018. OBJETIVO: comparar los niveles de negociación sexual y autoeficacia en el uso del condón masculino en hombres y mujeres. METODOS: estudio transversal de tipo comparativo en el que se incluyeron estudiantes de licenciatura de una universidad privada de la ciudad de Querétaro, México, durante el año 2018. Muestreo no probabilístico. Se midieron: características sociodemográficas, conductas sexuales de riesgo, habilidades de negociación y autoeficacia sexual para uso de condón. Se compararon los grupos mediante la prueba U de Mann Whitney y el análisis de varianza no paramétrico (Kruskal-Wallis). RESULTADOS: ingresaron 270 estudiantes, el 89,6 % de los universitarios tiene vida sexual activa, la edad promedio de inicio de vida sexual es a los 15,41 años; el promedio de parejas sexuales reportado es de 4,2. El 27,8 % ha usado condón en cada relación sexual. Se encontraron diferencias entre hombres y mujeres en los estilos de negociación sexual en los dominios de evitación (p = 0,04) y acomodación (p < 0,00), con puntajes más altos para los hombres en comparación con las mujeres. Respecto a la autoeficacia en el uso del condón, las mujeres son quienes puntúan más alto (p < 0,001). CONCLUSIONES: los jóvenes universitarios entrevistados tienen conductas sexuales de riesgo. Se requiere fortalecer las políticas públicas que faciliten la prevención de la conducta sexual de riesgo dirigidas a la población estudiantil. Es necesario realizar más estudios sobre intervenciones que fortalezcan las habilidades de negociación y la autoeficacia sexual en adolescentes.

Análisis de la actividad sexual en el adulto mayor del Policlínico Universitario Este

Introducción: El contexto social en el cual se desenvuelve la mayoría de los adultos mayores los conduce a situaciones de riesgo, condiciones o problemas de salud con consecuencias físicas, psicológicas y sociales específicas que afectan también su sexualidad y que deben ser abordadas en la práctica. Objetivo: Analizar la actividad sexual en el adulto mayor del Policlínico Universitario Este, entre enero de 2021 y julio de 2023. Métodos: Se realizó un estudio observacional, analítico, transversal, en el Policlínico Universitario Este en la provincia Camagüey. El universo estuvo constituido por 9 936 pacientes según los criterios de inclusión y de exclusión. Se trabajó 154 pacientes seleccionados mediante el muestreo aleatorio simple. Los expedientes clínicos ambulatorios fueron la fuente secundaria de información. Se utilizó estadística descriptiva e inferencial. Los datos se presentaron en tablas y gráficos. Resultados: Los mayores de 74 años representaron el 13,6 %, de ellos; el 8,4 % mostraron actividad sexual inactiva. El 48,7 % eran del sexo masculino. Los que no tuvieron atracción sexual fueron el 9,7 %. De los pacientes estudiados con actividad sexual activa 33, para un 21,4 %, presentan actividad sexual quincenal, mientras que 24 (15,6 %) semanal. Conclusiones: Los trastornos neurológicos como enfermedades asociadas, así como los fármacos inhibidores de la excitación sexual acompañado del antecedente de disfunción sexual como factores de riesgo imposibilitaron el desarrollo normal de la actividad sexual en los longevos estudiados. El bajo apetito sexual y falta de atracción sexual, así como el estado de viudez se asociaron significativamente a la inactividad sexual.

Introduction: The social context in which the majority of older adults live leads them to risk situations, conditions or health problems with specific physical, psychological and social consequences that also affect their sexuality and that must be addressed in practice. Objective: To analyze sexual activity in older adults at the East University Polyclinic between January 2021 and July 2023. Methods: An observational, analytical, cross-sectional study was carried out in the East University Polyclinic. The universe consisted of 9936 patients according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria. It was worked with 103 patients selected through simple random sampling. Outpatient clinical records were the secondary source of information. Descriptive and inferential statistics were used. The data was presented in tables and graphs. Results: Those over 74 years of age represented 13.6 % of them; 8.4 % showed inactive sexual activity. 48.7 % were male. Those who did not have sexual attraction were 9.7 %. Of the patients studied with active sexual activity, 33, or 21.4 %, had sexual activity every two weeks, while 24 (15.6 %) had sexual activity weekly. Conclusions: Neurological disorders as associated diseases, as well as drugs that inhibit sexual arousal, accompanied by a history of sexual dysfunction as risk factors, prevented the normal development of sexual activity in the elderly studied. Low sexual appetite and lack of sexual attraction, as well as widowhood status, were significantly associated with sexual inactivity.

[Use of online sexual material and safe sex in men who have sex with men]. / Uso de material sexual en línea y sexo seguro en hombres que tienen sexo con hombres.

INTRODUCTION: Sexual material online has represented, from its origins, an important role in the life of men who have sex with men. Internet, which has become a vehicle without restriction for its access, has favored an increase in the use of this material, and has had an impact on the sexual behavior of these men. OBJECTIVE: To determine if the use of online sexual material influences safe sexual behavior in men who have sex with men. MATERIAL AND METHOD: An analytical observational study was conducted, with a sample of 251 men who have sex with men from a city in northeastern Mexico. The respondent driven sampling was used, an ad hoc sociodemographic and sexuality data questionnaire was applied, and a questionnaire to measure the use of online sexual material and questionnaire on safe sexual behavior. RESULTS: The simple linear regression model shows that the use of online sexual material negatively influences safe sexual behavior (R2=0.062; F[1,249]=16.937; p<0.01). CONCLUSIONS: The findings provide the guideline to continue with studies in the investigation of said sociocultural variable and its consideration is proposed in the programs focused on the prevention of HIV in this population.

Intimate partner violence during pregnancy and time to return to sexual activity after childbirth: analysis of the BRISA prenatal cohort / Violencia por pareja íntima durante el embarazo y el tiempo para volver a la actividad sexual después del parto: análisis de la cohorte de prenatal BRISA / Violência por parceiro íntimo na gestação e tempo de retorno das atividades sexuais após o parto: análise da coorte de pré-natal BRISA

Abstract: This study aimed to analyze whether there is an association between intimate partner violence during pregnancy and time to return to sexual activity after childbirth in the BRISA cohort in São Luís, Maranhão State, Brazil, between 2010 and 2013. This is a longitudinal study conducted with 665 women. Intimate partner violence during pregnancy was measured using an instrument created and validated by the World Health Organization to measure violence against women. Time to return to sexual activity after childbirth was investigated using a structured questionnaire. Logistic regression models were used to analyze whether there is an association between intimate partner violence during pregnancy and time to return to sexual activity after childbirth. The prevalence of violence by an intimate partner during pregnancy was 24.06%. The prevalence of women who returned to sexual activity within 3 months after childbirth was 67.96%. When analyzing the association between exposure and outcome, no association was found in the crude model (OR = 0.88; 95%CI: 0.60-1.30), nor in the adjusted model (OR = 1.00; 95%CI: 0.61-1.63). The study results highlight the importance of providing comprehensive care to women, considering both physical and psychological aspects, since violence has a significant impact on several aspects of women's lives.

Resumen: El objetivo de este estudio fue analizar si existe asociación entre la violencia por pareja íntima durante el embarazo y el tiempo para volver a la actividad sexual después del parto en la cohorte BRISA, en São Luis, Maranhão, Brasil, entre 2010 y 2013. Se trata de un estudio longitudinal realizado con 665 mujeres. Se midió la violencia por pareja íntima durante el embarazo a través de un instrumento para medir la violencia contra la mujer creado y validado por la Organización Mundial de la Salud. Se investigó el tiempo para volver a la actividad sexual después del parto a través de un cuestionario estructurado. Se utilizaron modelos de regresión logística para verificar si existe asociación entre la violencia por pareja íntima durante el embarazo y el tiempo para volver a la actividad sexual después del parto. La prevalencia de violencia perpetrada por pareja íntima durante el embarazo fue del 24,06%. La prevalencia de mujeres que volvieron a la actividad sexual dentro de los tres meses posteriores al parto fue del 67,96%. Al analizar la asociación entre la exposición y el resultado, se constató que no hubo asociación en el modelo crudo (OR = 0,88; IC95%: 0,60-1,30), ni en el modelo ajustado (OR = 1,00; IC95%: 0,61-1,63). Los resultados del estudio resaltan la importancia de proporcionar asistencia integral a la salud de la mujer, teniendo en cuenta tanto aspectos físicos como psicológicos, una vez que la violencia afecta significativamente varios aspectos de la vida femenina.

Resumo: O objetivo deste estudo foi analisar se existe associação entre violência por parceiro íntimo na gestação e o tempo de retorno das atividades sexuais após o parto na coorte BRISA, em São Luís, Maranhão, Brasil, entre os anos de 2010 e 2013. Trata-se de estudo longitudinal conduzido com 665 mulheres. A violência por parceiro íntimo na gestação foi medida por meio de instrumento criado e validado pela Organização Mundial da Saúde para medir violência contra a mulher. O tempo de retorno das atividades sexuais após o parto foi investigado por meio de questionário estruturado. Modelos de regressão logística foram utilizados para verificar se existe associação entre violência por parceiro íntimo na gestação e tempo de retorno das atividades sexuais após o parto. A prevalência de violência perpetrada pelo parceiro íntimo na gestação foi de 24,06%. A prevalência de mulheres que retornaram às atividades sexuais em até três meses após o parto foi de 67,96%. Ao analisar a associação entre exposição e desfecho, observou-se que não houve associação no modelo bruto (OR = 0,88; IC95%: 0,60-1,30), nem no modelo ajustado (OR = 1,00; IC95%: 0,61-1,63). Os resultados do estudo evidenciam a importância de prestar assistência integral à saúde da mulher, considerando tanto aspectos físicos quanto psicológicos, uma vez que a violência tem impacto significativo em diversas áreas da vida feminina.

Construction and validation of the Sociosexual Skills Inventory / Construção e validação do Inventário de Habilidades Sociossexuais / Construcción y validación del Inventario de Habilidades Sociosexuales

The period of youth represents a milestone for sexual transitions, including casual practices. However, having erotic experiences does not presume competence in seeking casual sex (CS), and having a repertoire that is not socially competent for casual sex (CS) can lead to sexual risks. Accordingly, this study constructed and generated evidence of validity for a measure of social skills (SS) related to CS. Initially, 48 items were constructed and applied to a valid sample of 571 heterosexual, cisgender and single young people. Exploratory Factor Analysis was performed, the initial items were reduced to 18 and divided into two factors: Direct Sociosexual Skills, with 11 items (a = .81 and ω = .81), and Indirect Sociosexual Skills, with seven items (a = .67 and ω = .67). This instrument could contribute to the promotion of sexual health, as a more elaborate SS repertoire would be related to lower rates of abuse, sexually transmitted infections and harassment.(AU)

A juventude representa um marco para as transições sexuais, incluindo práticas casuais. Contudo, ter experiências eróticas não presume competência para sua busca, e um repertório pouco competente socialmente para o sexo casual (SC) pode levar a riscos sexuais. Nesse sentido, esse estudo construiu e gerou evidências de validade para uma medida de habilidades sociais (HS) relativas ao SC. Inicialmente, foram construídos 48 itens que foram aplicados a uma amostra válida de 571 jovens heterossexuais, cisgêneros e solteiros. Foi realizada a Análise Fatorial Exploratória, os itens foram reduzidos para 18 e divididos em dois fatores: Habilidades Sociossexuais Diretas, com 11 itens (α = 0,81 e ω = 0,81), e Habilidades Sociossexuais Indiretas, com sete itens (α= 0,67 e ω = 0,67). Este instrumento poderá contribuir para a promoção da saúde sexual, na medida que um repertório mais elaborado de HS estaria relacionado a menores índices de abuso, infecções sexualmente transmissíveis e assédio.(AU)

La juventud representa un hito para las transiciones sexuales, incluyendo prácticas casuales. Sin embargo, tener experiencias eróticas no supone competencia para buscarlas, y un repertorio socialmente inadecuado para el sexo casual (SC) puede conducir a riesgos sexuales. En este sentido, este estudio construyó y generó evidencias de validez para una medida de habilidades sociales (HS) relacionadas con el SC. Inicialmente, se crearon 48 ítems que se aplicaron a una muestra válida de 571 jóvenes heterosexuales, cisgénero y solteros. Se realizó un Análisis Factorial Exploratorio y los ítems se redujeron a 18 y se dividieron en dos factores: Habilidades Sociosexuales Directas, con 11 ítems (α= 0.81 y ω= 0.81), y Habilidades Sociosexuales Indirectas, con siete ítems (α= 0.67 y ω= 0,67). Este instrumento podría contribuir a la promoción de la salud sexual, ya que un repertorio de HS más elaborado se asocia con menores índices de abuso, infecciones de transmisión sexual y acoso sexual.(AU)

Infección por el VIH/sida en personas de 50 años y más. Cienfuegos 1986-2021

Fundamento: la infección por el virus de la inmunodeficiencia humana es una de las infecciones de trasmisión sexual más importantes para la salud a nivel mundial y una de las más temibles del presente siglo. Objetivo: caracterizar la infección por el virus de la inmunodeficiencia humana en personas de 50 años y más. Métodos: se realizó una investigación observacional descriptiva de corte transversal, que incluyó todas las personas diagnosticadas con el virus de la inmunodeficiencia humana, en Cienfuegos, en el período comprendido de 1986 a 2021. Las variables analizadas fueron: edad, sexo, orientación sexual, grupo de pesquisa, diagnósticos por año y municipio de residencia. Resultados: las personas en el grupo de edad de 50 a 59 años aportaron la mayor incidencia con un 75, 21 %; la orientación sexual predominante fue la homosexual (58,9 %); según los grupos de pesquisa, en los tres grupos de edades sobresale el grupo captado con un 41,88 %. En la provincia se observó un incremento mantenido, fundamentalmente en el sexo masculino, en ascenso en los últimos años. Conclusiones: el aumento de los pacientes con 50 años y más, diagnosticados con virus de la inmunodeficiencia humana, indica que es preciso abordar la problemática con un enfoque clínico epidemiológico diferente. Estas características incrementan el riesgo de infección por VIH por lo que deben ser monitorizadas con la aplicación de la Línea de Trabajo 50 y +, del MINSAP. Es necesario realizar actividades dirigidas a disminuir el riesgo.

Background: infection by the human immunodeficiency virus is one of the most important sexually transmitted infections for health worldwide and one of the most frightening of this century. Objective: to characterize the infection by the human immunodeficiency virus in people aged 50 years and older. Methods: a cross-sectional descriptive observational research was carried out, which included all the people diagnosed with the human immunodeficiency virus, in Cienfuegos, from 1986 to 2021. The analyzed variables were: age, sex, sexual orientation, research group, diagnoses by year and residence municipality. Results: people in the age group of 50 to 59 years contributed the highest incidence with 75.21%; the predominant sexual orientation was homosexual (58,9 %). According to the research groups, in the three age groups the captured group stands out with 41.88%. A sustained increase was observed in the province, mainly in the male sex, rising in recent years. Conclusions: the increase in patients aged 50 and older diagnosed with human immunodeficiency virus indicates that it is necessary to address the problem with a different clinical-epidemiological approach. These characteristics increase the risk of HIV infection, they must be monitored with the application of the MINSAP 50 and + Work Line. It is necessary to carry out activities aimed at reducing the risk.

Factores socioculturales, sexuales y reproductivos asociados al no uso de métodos anticonceptivos en adolescentes mujeres

Introducción: El embarazo en la adolescencia es un problema de salud pública en Perú; sin embargo, hay una cifra de adolescentes con vida sexual activa, sin protección anticonceptiva. Objetivo: Determinar los factores socioculturales, sexuales y reproductivos asociados al no uso de métodos anticonceptivos en adolescentes mujeres. Métodos: Investigación descriptiva, transversal; se aplicó un análisis de base secundaria de la Encuesta Demográfica y Salud Familiar realizada en Perú en 2019. La población estuvo conformada por 1 871 mujeres de 15 a 19 años y se excluyeron aquellas que no habían iniciado su vida sexual o con datos incompletos. Se utilizó prueba ji cuadrado de Pearson y regresión de Poisson para el análisis estadístico. Resultados: El 46,6 % de adolescentes no utilizaron métodos anticonceptivos. Se asociaron al no uso de métodos anticonceptivos, factores socioculturales como edad de 15 a 17 años, nivel educativo superior, asistencia actual a institución educativa, razón para dejar de estudiar (p< 0,05); y factores sexuales y reproductivos como: no tener parejas sexuales actualmente, edad de la primera relación sexual entre 15 a 19 años, no tener hijos y no vivir con una pareja (p< 0,05). Según el análisis multivariado, tener 15 a 17 años aumenta la prevalencia de no usar métodos anticonceptivos (Rpa: 1,21 IC: 1,09-1,33). Sin embargo, tener parejas sexuales (Rpa: 0,48 IC: 0,44-0,52) e hijos (Rpa: 0,49 IC: 0,45-0,55) redujeron la prevalencia de no uso de anticonceptivos. Conclusiones: Los factores socioculturales, sexuales y reproductivos asociados al no uso de anticoncepción fueron la edad de 15 a 17 años, tener parejas sexuales e hijos.

Introduction: Teenage pregnancy is a public health problem in Peru; however, there is a number of sexually active adolescents without contraceptive protection. Objective: To determine the sociocultural, sexual and reproductive factors associated with the non-use of contraceptive methods in female adolescents. Methods: Descriptive, cross-sectional research; a secondary base analysis of the Demographic and Family Health Survey carried out in Peru, 2019 was applied. The population consisted of 1871 women between the ages of 15 to 19 years and those who had not started their sexual life or with incomplete data were excluded. Pearson's ji-square test and Poisson Regression were used for statistical analysis. Results: 46,6 % of adolescents did not use contraceptive methods. Non-use of contraceptive methods was associated with sociocultural factors such as age between 15 to 17 years, higher educational level, current attendance at an educational institution, reason for leaving school (p< 0,05); and sexual and reproductive factors such as: not currently having sexual partners, age of first sexual intercourse between 15 and 19 years, not having children and not living with a partner (p< 0,05). According to the multivariate analysis, being 15 to 17 years old increases the prevalence of not using contraceptive methods (RPa: 1,21 CI: 1,09-1,33). However, having sexual partners (RPa: 0,48 CI: 0,44-0,52). However, having sexual partners (RPa: 0,48 CI: 0,44-0,52) and children (RPa: 0,49 CI: 0,45-0,55) reduced the prevalence of non-use of contraceptives. Conclusions: The sociocultural, sexual and reproductive factors associated with the non-use of contraception were the age of 15 to 17 years, having sexual partners and children.

[Sexual behaviour and human immunodeficiency virus testing in university students from Cuzco (Peru)]. / Conducta sexual y realización de la prueba del virus de la inmunodeficiencia humana en jóvenes que estudian en la universidad en Cuzco (Perú).

OBJECTIVE: To analyse sexual behaviour, HIV testing, HIV testing intentions and reasons for not testing for HIV in university students from Cuzco (Peru). METHODS: The sample comprised 1,377 university students from several institutions from Cuzco (Peru). The size of the sample was set according to a maximum 3% error estimation and a 97% confidence interval. Ages ranged from 16 to 30 years old. The data were collected through a self-administered, anonymous and voluntary questionnaire regarding sexual behaviour and HIV testing. The data were collected in classrooms during teaching hours. RESULTS: A higher percentage of males than females reported having had vaginal, anal and oral sex, a higher number of sexual partners and an earlier age at first vaginal and oral sex. A higher percentage of females than males did not use condoms when they first had anal sex and had a higher anal sex-risk index. Most of the participants had never been HIV tested. The main reason was that they were sure that they were not HIV infected. CONCLUSIONS: It seems that there was a low HIV risk perception in these participants despite the fact that they had been involved in sexual risk behaviours. Prevention campaigns focused on the general population as well as the at-risk populations and young people are needed.

Innovations, Reviews and Proposals on the DSM-5: the Case of Sexual Dysfunctions, Gender Dysphoria and Paraphilic Disorders. / Novedades, críticas y propuestas al DSM-5: el caso de las disfunciones sexuales, la disforia de género y los trastornos parafílicos.

Human behaviours have different meanings according to the historical moment and context. In this article sexual behaviours are taken as a category in order to analyse how psychiatric nosology is structured, as manifested in texts such as the DSM-5. The development of these diagnostic manuals are tools that are far from being free of subjectivities and interference of elements of power, expressed in the way health, illness, mental health, and mental disorders, are assumed; in short, the normal and pathological. Each new diagnosis, or even its elimination, and the recomposing of the different diagnostic criteria, especially in the field of sexual behaviour, present visions of how individual and collective human life is conceived, as well as an expression of accurate attempts to control human sexualities through the medicalisation of behaviour, coupled with moral, religious, and even legal considerations. Categories such as gender dysphoria, paraphilia or paraphilic disorders are examples of how the limits intended to establish a biomedical perspective are also incomplete and imprecise. These violate individual and social construction of sexualities and the conception of mental health, showing persistent difficulties and controversies that are evident in the way psychiatric classifications are made.

Endometriose e saúde sexual feminina ­ desafios, tratamento, perfil epidemiológico e impactos biopsicossociais: uma revisão integrativa / Endometriosis and female sexual health ­challenges, treatment, epidemiological profile and biopsychosocial impacts: an integrative review / Endometriosis y salud sexual femenina ­desafíos, tratamiento, perfil epidemiológico e impactos biopsicosociales: una revisión integradora

Introdução:A endometriose consiste em uma patologia ginecológica bastante prevalente emmulheres de múltiplas faixas etárias, consistindo em um desafio constante para a fertilidade, sexualidade e demais aspectos da qualidade de vida.Objetivo:Avaliar o perfil epidemiológico, formas de tratamento e os aspectos biopsicossociais associados à saúde sexual das mulheres com endometriose. Metodologia:Esta é uma revisão integrativa da literatura cujapergunta norteadorafoi "Como a endometriose influencia nos aspectos biopsicossociais inerentes ao comportamento sexual feminino?". Foi aplicada a estratégia de busca "Endometriose AND Dispareunia AND Qualidade de Vida" na Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde (BVS) e sua versão em inglês "EndometriosisAND DyspareuniaAND Quality of Life" na base de dados PubMed, com ofiltro"últimos10anos"aplicadoemambasasplataformas.Critérios de inclusão: estudos que abordassem mulheres cisgênero, em idade fértil,com vida sexual ativa, diagnóstico prévio de endometriose pélvica ou profunda e distúrbios ou queixas sexuais. Critério de exclusão: artigos que contemplassem mulheres em uso de psicofármacos. Resultados:Inicialmente,foram obtidos 227 artigos. Apósanálise primária, 189 estudos foram excluídos, seguindo para a etapa seguinte apenas 38. Destes, somente 15 atenderam aos critérios e foram considerados válidos para compor o presente estudo.No âmbito sexual, a endometriose pode acarretar aredução da frequência das relações, sangramentos durante ou após o coito, desinteresse em preliminares, desconforto em certas posições, términos de relacionamentos, conflitos conjugais, e, sobretudo, dispareunia.Conclusões:Diante dos prejuízos em diversos âmbitos da vida e bem-estar feminino causados pela endometriose, faz-se indispensável maior qualificação dos serviços de saúde para o diagnóstico precoce e intervenções efetivas, bem como apoio, acolhimento e acompanhamento multiprofissional contínuo. Além disso, a adaptação, compreensão e solicitude dos parceiros são fundamentais para que as mulheres sejam capazes de melhor gerenciar tais desafios (AU).

Introduction:Endometriosis is a gynecological pathology that is quite prevalent among women of multiple age groups, representing a constant challenge to fertility, sexuality, and other aspects of quality of life.Objective:To evaluate the epidemiological profile, forms of treatment and biopsychosocial aspects associated with the sexual health of women with endometriosis.Methodology:This is an integrative review of the literature whose guiding question was "How does endometriosis influence the biopsychosocial aspects inherent to female sexual behavior?". The search strategy "Endometriosis AND Dyspareunia AND Quality of Life" was applied in the Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde (BVS) and in the PubMed database, with the "last 10 years" filter applied on both platforms. Inclusion criteria: studies that addressed cisgender women, of childbearing age, with active sexual life, previous diagnosis of pelvic or deep endometriosis and sexual disorders or complaints. Exclusion criteria: articles that included women using psychotropic drugs. Results:Initially, 227 articles were obtained. After primary analysis, 189 studies were excluded, only 38 going on to the next stage. Of these, only 15 met the criteria and were considered valid to be part of the present study. In the sexual sphere, endometriosis can lead to a reduction in the frequency of intercourse, bleeding during or after coitus, lack of interest in foreplay, discomfort in certain positions, relationship endings, marital conflicts, and, above all, dyspareunia.Conclusions:Given the damage to various areas of life and female well-being caused by endometriosis, it is essential to improve the quality of health services for early diagnosis and effective interventions, as well as support, reception, and continuous multidisciplinary monitoring. Furthermore, adaptation, understanding and concern from partners are fundamental for women to be able to better manage such challenges (AU).

Introducción:La endometriosis esuna patología ginecológica bastante prevalente en mujeres de múltiples grupos etarios, que supone un reto constante para la fertilidad, la sexualidad y otros aspectos de la calidad de vida.Objetivo:Evaluar elperfil epidemiológico, las formas de tratamiento y los aspectos biopsicosociales asociados a la salud sexual de las mujeres con endometriosis.Metodología:Se trata de una revisión integradora cuya pregunta orientadora fue "¿Cómo influye la endometriosis en los aspectos biopsicosociales inherentes a la conducta sexual femenina?".Se aplicó la estrategia de búsqueda "Endometriosis AND Dispareunia AND Calidad de Vida" en la Biblioteca Virtual en Salud (BVS) y su versión en inglés en PubMed, con el filtro "últimos 10 años" enambas plataformas. Criterios de inclusión: estudios dirigidos a mujeres cisgénero en edad fértil, con vida sexual activa, diagnóstico previo de endometriosis pélvica o profunda, y trastornos o quejas sexuales. Criteriode exclusión: artículos que incluían mujeres usuarias de psicofármacos.Resultados:Inicialmente se obtuvieron 227 artículos. Después del análisis primario, se excluyeron 189 estudios y solo 38 pasaran a la siguiente etapa. De estos, solo 15 cumplieron con los criterios y seconsideraron válidos para el presente estudio. En el ámbito sexual, la endometriosis puede provocar reducción de la frecuencia de relaciones sexuales, sangrado durante o después de las relaciones sexuales, falta de interés por los juegos previos, molestias en determinadas posiciones, rupturas, conflictos matrimoniales y, sobre todo, dispareunia.Conclusiones:Ante los daños causados por la endometriosis en diversos ámbitos de la vida y el bienestar de las mujeres, es indispensable mejorar la calidad de losservicios de salud para el diagnóstico precoz y las intervenciones efectivas, así como apoyo, acogida y seguimiento multidisciplinar continuo. Además, la adaptación, comprensión y solicitud de las parejas son fundamentales para que las mujeres puedan gestionar mejor estos desafíos (AU).

Conductas sexuales de riesgo relacionadas con las infecciones de transmisión sexual en una comunidad shuar de Taisha, Ecuador

Objetivo: Describir conductas sexuales de riesgo relacionadas con las infecciones de transmisión sexual (ITS) en una comunidad shuar de Taisha, Ecuador. Metodología: Estudio descriptivo-transversal, con base en la teoría transcultural de Leininger. Participaron 215 adultos de ambos sexos, mayores de 18 años. Se utilizó un cuestionario validado por expertos, con método Delphi. El análisis relacional usó la prueba de X2. Resultados: De la muestra, 153 mujeres y 62 hombres, el 99.1 % se identificó como heterosexual; 79.1 % indicó que su actividad sexual se inició en la preadolescencia, siendo lo más frecuente de tipo genital; 16.3 % reveló haber presentado alguna vez una ITS; 29.3 % ha tenido relaciones sexuales bajo efecto del alcohol o sustancias afrodisíacas, de los que 6 % indicó utilizar preservativo. El 60 % respondió que no lo usa porque no sabe cómo y por sentir menos placer; 36.7 % refirió tener relaciones sexuales fortuitas y, en ellas, 73 % sin usar preservativo. No hubo asociación significativa entre las conductas sexuales y la edad de las personas. Conclusión: El escaso uso de preservativo, relaciones sexuales fortuitas sin protección, inicio temprano y actividad sexual bajo efecto alcohol o sustancias afrodisíacas resultaron ser prácticas de riesgo para contraer una infección de transmisión sexual en esta comunidad indígena. Se necesita tender puentes, desde el sistema de salud hasta las comunidades, para implementar programas de prevención, diagnóstico y tratamiento en estadios tempranos para detección, educación, apoyo y control. El modelo de enfermería transcultural y el trabajo interdisciplinario permiten conocer los principios, valores y cosmovisión de los integrantes de la comunidad.

Objetivo: Descrever os comportamentos sexuais de risco relacionados às doenças sexualmente transmissíveis (DST) em uma comunidade shuar em Taisha, Equador. Metodologia: Estudo descritivo-transversal, com base na teoria transcultural de Leininger. Participaram 215 adultos de ambos os sexos, com mais de 18 anos de idade. Foi utilizado um questionário validado por especialistas por meio do método Delphi. A análise relacional usou o teste X2. Resultados: Da amostra, 153 mulheres e 62 homens, 99,1 % se identificaram como heterossexuais; 79,1% indicaram que sua atividade sexual começou na pré-adolescência, mais frequentemente do tipo genital; 16,3 % revelaram já ter tido uma DST; 29,3 % tiveram relações sexuais sob o efeito de álcool, dos quais 6 % indicaram usar preservativo. Sessenta por cento disseram que não usam preservativos porque não sabem como usar e porque sentem menos prazer; 36,7 % relataram ter feito sexo casual, sendo 73 % deles sem usar preservativo. Não houve associação significativa entre o comportamento sexual e a idade. Conclusão: Constatou-se que o baixo uso de preservativos, o sexo casual desprotegido, o início precoce e a atividade sexual sob efeito do álcool ou substâncias afrodisíacas resultaram ser práticas de risco para contrair uma doença sexualmente transmissível nessa comunidade indígena. É necessário construir pontes entre o sistema de saúde e as comunidades para implementar programas de prevenção, diagnóstico e tratamento em estágios iniciais para detecção, educação, apoio e controle. O modelo de enfermagem transcultural e o trabalho interdisciplinar nos permitem conhecer os princípios, os valores e a visão de mundo dos membros da comunidade.

Objective: To describe risky sexual behaviours related to sexually transmitted infections (STIs) in a Shuar community of Taisha, Ecuador. Methodology: Descriptive-cross-sectional study, based on Leininger's cross-cultural theory. A total of 215 adults of both sexes over 18 years of age participated. A questionnaire validated by experts was used, with Delphi method. The relational analysis used the X2 test. Results: Of the sample, 153 women and 62 men, 99.1 % identified themselves as heterosexual; 79.1 % indicated that their sexual activity began in preadolescence, most frequently of the genital type; 16.3 % reported having ever had an STI; 29.3 % had had sexual relations while intoxicated, of which 6 % reported using a condom. The 60 % percent responded that they do not use condoms because they do not know how and because they feel less pleasure; 36.7 % reported having casual sex, 73 % of them without using a condom. There was no significant association between sexual behaviors and age. Conclusion: The scarce use of condoms, incidental unprotected sex, early onset and sexual activity under the influence of alcohol or aphrodisiac substances were found to be risk practices for contracting a sexually transmitted infection in this indigenous community. There is a need to build bridges from the health system to the communities to implement prevention, diagnosis and treatment programs in early stages for detection, education, support and control. The transcultural nursing model and the interdisciplinary work allow knowing the principles, values and cosmovision of the community members.

Descuento sexual y conductas sexuales arriesgadas en una muestra de adultos jóvenes de Colombia / Sexual Discounting and Sexual Risk Behavior in a Sample of Young Adults from Colombia / Desconto sexual e comportamento sexual de risco em uma amostra de jovens adultos da Colômbia

El objetivo del presente trabajo fue describir la tasa de descuento sexual y evaluar la relación entre el autorreporte de conductas sexuales arriesgadas (csa) y el descuento sexual en una muestra de adultos jóvenes en Colombia. Para esto, se realizó una investigación no experimental de corte transversal y correlacional. Ciento treinta y seis participantes fueron sometidos a un cuestionario de autorreporte de conductas de riesgo sexual, a la tarea de descuento sexual (sddt) y al cuestionario de elección monetaria (mcq). Los análisis de la curva de descuento sexual demuestran que el valor de la opción de tener sexo seguro disminuye con el in-cremento en la demora en la obtención de un condón (i. e., descuento sexual). Adicionalmente, se observa que el grado de descuento sexual está asociado con csa, como el número de parejas sexuales y el número de relaciones sexuales en los últimos tres meses, y que hay una diferencia en el patrón de descuento sexual entre hombres y mujeres.

The goal of this study was to describe the rate of sexual discounting and its relation with the self-report of sexual risk behavior in a sample of young adults from Colombia. To achieve this goal, a correlational cross-sectional non-experimental study was done. One hundred thirty six young adult participants responded to a sexual risk behavior self-report questionnaire, a sexual delay discounting task (sddt), and a monetary choice questionnaire (mcq). The results suggest that the value of the safe sex option decreases with the delay to obtain a condom (i. e., sexual discounting). Additionally, it was observed that the sexual discounting rate was associated with the self-report of sexual risk behavior, like, the number of sexual partners and sexual encounters in the last three months. It was also observed a different pattern of sexual discounting between men and women

O objetivo deste estudo foi descrever a taxa de desconto sexual e avaliar a relação entre o autorrelato de com-portamentos sexuais de risco (csr) e o desconto sexual em uma amostra de jovens adultos na Colômbia. Para isso, foi realizada uma investigação não experimental, transversal e correlacional. 136 participantes foram submetidos a um questionário de comportamentos se-xuais de risco autorreferidos, à tarefa de desconto sexual (sddt) e ao questionário de escolha monetária (mcq). As análises da curva de desconto sexual mostram que o valor da opção de praticar sexo mais seguro diminui com o aumento do atraso na obtenção do preservativo (ou seja, desconto sexual). Adicionalmente, observa-se que o grau de desconto sexual está associado à csr, assim como o número de parceiros sexuais e o número de relações sexuais nos últimos 3 meses, e que existe uma diferença no padrão de desconto sexual entre homens e mulheres.