Lesion metrics and 12-month outcomes of very-high power short duration radiofrequency ablation (90W/4 s) under mild conscious sedation.

INTRODUCTION: Pulmonary vein isolation (PVI) is often performed under general anaesthesia (GA) or deep sedation. Anaesthetic availability is limited in many centers, and deep sedation is prohibited in some countries without anaesthetic support. Very high-power short duration (vHPSD-90W/4 s) PVI using the Q-Dot catheter is generally well tolerated under mild conscious sedation (MCS) though an understanding of catheter stability and long-term effectiveness is lacking. We analyzed lesion metrics and 12-month freedom from atrial arrythmia with this approach. METHODS: Our approach to radiofrequency (RF) PVI under MCS is standardized and includes a single catheter approach with a steerable sheath. We identified patients undergoing Q-Dot RF PVI between March 2021 and December 2022 in our center, comparing those undergoing vHPSD ablation under MCS (90W/MCS) against those undergoing 50 W ablation under GA (50 W/GA) up to 12 months of follow-up. Data were extracted from clinical records and the CARTO system. RESULTS: Eighty-three patients met our inclusion criteria (51 90W/MCS; 32 50 W/GA). Despite shorter ablation times (353 vs. 886 s; p < .001), the 90 W/MCS group received more lesions (median 87 vs. 58, p < .001), resulting in similar procedure times (149.3 vs. 149.1 min; p = .981). PVI was achieved in all cases, and first pass isolation rates were similar (left wide antral circumferential ablation [WACA] 82.4% vs. 87.5%, p = .758; right WACA 74.5% vs. 78.1%, p = .796; 90 W/MCS vs. 50 W/GA respectively). Analysis of 6647 ablation lesions found similar mean impedance drops (10.0 ± 1.9 Ω vs. 10.0 ± 2.2 Ω; p = .989) and mean contact force (14.6 ± 2.0 g vs. 15.1 ± 1.6 g; p = .248). Only median 2.5% of lesions in the 90 W/MCS cohort failed to achieve ≥ 5 Ω drop. In the 90 W/MCS group, there were no procedural related complications, and 12-month freedom from atrial arrhythmia was observed in 78.4%. CONCLUSION: vHPSD PVI is feasible under MCS, with encouraging acute and long-term procedural outcomes. This provides a compelling option for centers with limited anaesthetic support.

Single-Operator Left atrial appendage Occlusion utilizing Conscious sedation TEE, Lack of Outpatient pre-imaging, and Same-day Expedited discharge (SOLO-CLOSE): A comparison with conventional approach.

BACKGROUND: Left atrial appendage occlusion (LAAO) with WATCHMAN currently requires preprocedural imaging, general anesthesia, and inpatient overnight admission. We sought to facilitate simplification of LAAO. AIMS: We describe and compare SOLO-CLOSE (single-operator LAA occlusion utilizing conscious sedation TEE, lack of outpatient pre-imaging, and same-day expedited discharge) with the conventional approach (CA). METHODS: A single-center retrospective analysis of 163 patients undergoing LAAO between January 2017 and April 2022 was conducted. The SOLO-CLOSE protocol was enacted on December 1, 2020. Before this date, we utilized the CA. The primary efficacy endpoint was defined as successful LAAO with ≤5 mm peri-device leak at time of closure. The primary safety endpoint was the composite incidence of all-cause deaths, any cerebrovascular accident (CVA), device embolization, pericardial effusion, or major postprocedure bleeding within 7 days of the index procedure. Procedure times, 7-day readmission rates, and cost analytics were collected as well. RESULTS: Baseline characteristics were similar in both cohorts. Congestive heart failure (37.5% vs. 11.1%) and malignancy (28.8% vs. 12.5%) were higher in SOLO-CLOSE. Median CHA2D2SVASc score was 5 in both cohorts. The primary efficacy endpoint was met 100% in both cohorts. Primary safety endpoint was similar between cohorts (p = 0.078). Mean procedure time was 30 min shorter in SOLO-CLOSE (p < 0.01). Seven-day readmissions for SOLO-CLOSE was zero. After SOLO-CLOSE implementation, there was a 188% increase in positive contribution margin per case. CONCLUSIONS: The SOLO-CLOSE methodology offers similar efficacy and safety when compared to the CA, while improving clinical efficiency, reducing procedural times, and increasing economic benefit.

Outcomes of patients undergoing edge-to-edge mitral valve repair with the Edwards PASCAL transcatheter valve repair system under conscious sedation.

BACKGROUND: The development of the PASCAL transcatheter valve repair system for treating mitral regurgitation (MR) greatly extends therapeutic options. AIMS: To assess the safety, efficacy, and time efficiency of the PASCAL system in transcatheter edge-to-edge repair (TEER) under conscious sedation (CS). METHODS: This is a retrospective, two-center, German registry study consisting of 211 patients who underwent TEER using the PASCAL system under CS. The endpoints were to assess (1) technical, device, and procedural success as per Mitral Valve Academic Research Consortium (MVARC), (2) conversion rate to general anesthesia (GA), (3) hospital length of stay (LoS), (4) New York Heart Association (NYHA) class, and (5) MR compared to baseline at 30-day. RESULTS: A total of 211 patients with a mean age of 78.4 ± 8.9 years, with 51.4% being female and 86.7% belonging to NYHA functional class III/IV and EuroSCORE II 6.3 ± 4.9%, were enrolled. Procedural success attained was 96.9%, and six patients (2.8%) required conversion from CS to GA. At 30 days follow-up, a significant improvement in MR was found in 96 patients (54.2%) patients with 0/1 grade MR and 45 patients (29.5%) were in NYHA functional class III + IV. Moreover, TEER under CS has a short hospital LoS (6.71 ± 5.29 days) and intensive care unit LoS (1.34 ± 3.49 days) with a 2.8% mortality rate. CONCLUSIONS: Performing TEER with the PASCAL system under CS resulted in appreciable (96.9%) procedural success with low mortality and is a safe and promising alternative to GA with positive clinical outcomes.

General anaesthesia compared to conscious sedation for first-time atrial fibrillation catheter ablation-a Danish nationwide cohort study.

AIMS: Catheter ablation (CA) is a well-established treatment option for atrial fibrillation (AF), where sedation and analgesia are pivotal for patient comfort and lesion formation. The impact of anaesthesia type on AF recurrence rates remains uncertain. This study aimed to examine AF recurrence rates depending on conscious sedation (CS) vs. general anaesthesia (GA) during CA. METHODS AND RESULTS: Utilizing nationwide data from the Danish healthcare registries, we conducted this cohort study involving adults (≥18 years) undergoing first-time CA for AF between 2010 and 2018. Patients were categorized by anaesthesia type (CS or GA), with the primary endpoint being AF recurrence, defined by a composite endpoint of either antiarrhythmic drug (AAD) prescriptions, AF-related hospital admissions, electrical cardioversions, or AF re-ablation. The impact of anaesthesia type was evaluated using multivariable Cox proportional hazards analysis. The study cohort comprised 7957 (6421 CS and 1536 GA) patients. Persistent AF, hypertension, and heart failure, as well as use of AAD, were more prevalent in the GA group. Cumulative incidences of recurrent AF were higher in the CS group at 1 (46% vs. 37%) and at 5 (68% vs. 63%) years. Multivariate analysis revealed CS as significantly associated with increased risk of AF recurrence at 5-year follow-up [hazard ratio 1.26 (95% confidence interval 1.15-1.38)], consistent across paroxysmal and persistent AF subtypes. CONCLUSION: This nationwide cohort study suggests a higher risk of AF recurrence with CS during CA compared to GA. These results advocate for considering GA as the preferred anaesthesia type for improved CA outcomes.

Efficacy and safety of esketamine combined with propofol for conscious sedation in painless colonoscopy: a prospective, randomized, double-blind controlled clinical trial.

BACKGROUND: We explored the efficacy and safety of esketamine combined with propofol for conscious sedation in painless colonoscopy. METHODS: A total of 195 patients who underwent painless colonoscopy surgery were randomly divided into three groups: the propofol deep sedation group (group DS), the sufentanil combined with propofol for conscious sedation (group CS1) and the esketamine combined with propofol for conscious sedation (group CS2). The primary outcomes of this study included the incidence of hypoxemia, hypotension, hypertension, and bradycardia and excellent and good rates of anaesthesia during colonoscopy. The secondary outcomes included perioperative changes in vital signs (MAP, HR, and SpO2), anaesthesia induction time, dischargeable time, patient and endoscopist satisfaction scores, and incidence of postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV), drowsiness, dizziness, propofol injection pain, assisted ventilation and vasoactive medications. RESULTS: The incidence of intraoperative hypoxemia in the DS group was significantly greater than that in the CS1 and CS2 groups (χ2 = 7.081, P = 0.029). The incidence of hypotension in the CS2 group was significantly lower than that in the DS and CS1 groups (χ2 = 16.278, P < 0.001). The risk of hypoxemia was 5.727 times higher in Group DS than in Group CS2 (OR 5.727; 95%CI 1.203-27.273), and the risk of hypotension was 9.864 times higher in Group DS than in Group CS2 (OR 9.864; 95%CI 2.770-35.120). The risk of hypotension in Group CS1 was 5.167 times that in Group CS2 (OR 5.167; 95%CI 1.396-19.117). The incidence of propofol injection pain, assisted ventilation, ephedrine usage and drowsiness in the DS group was significantly greater than that in the CS1 and CS2 groups (χ2 = 57.618, P < 0.001; χ2 = 9.544, P = 0.008; χ2 = 14.820, P = 0.001; χ2 = 37.257, P < 0.001). The incidence of dizziness during recovery in the CS1 group was significantly greater than that in the DS and CS2 groups (χ2 = 6.594, P = 0.037). The dischargeable time in the DS group was significantly greater than that in the CS1 and CS2 groups (F = 53.039, P < 0.001). The satisfaction scores of the endoscopist and patients in the DS group were significantly lower than those in the CS1 and CS2 groups (F = 17.390, P < 0.001; F = 19.282; P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: In conclusion, esketamine combined with propofol for conscious sedation can be safely and effectively used for painless colonoscopy and has fewer complications.It is recommended for painless colonoscopy.

Comparison of anesthesia methods for intra-arterial therapy of patients with acute ischemic stroke: an updated meta-analysis and systematic review.

OBJECTIVES: Currently, there remains debate regarding the optimal anesthesia approach for patients undergoing intra-arterial therapy for acute ischemic stroke. Therefore, we conducted a comparative analysis to assess the effects of general anesthesia versus non general anesthesia on patient outcomes. METHODS: The research methodology entailed comprehensive searches of prominent databases such as the Cochrane Library, PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science, covering the period from January 1, 2010, to March 1, 2024. Data synthesis employed techniques like risk ratio or standardized mean difference, along with 95% confidence intervals. The study protocol was prospectively registered with PROSPERO (CRD42024523079). RESULTS: A total of 27 trials and 12,875 patients were included in this study. The findings indicated that opting for non-general anesthesia significantly decreased the risk of in-hospital mortality (RR, 1.98; 95% CI: 1.50 to 2.61; p<0.00001; I2 = 20%), as well as mortality within three months post-procedure (RR, 1.24; 95% CI: 1.15 to 1.34; p<0.00001; I2 = 26%), while also leading to a shorter hospitalization duration (SMD, 0.24; 95% CI: 0.15 to 0.33; p<0.00001; I2 = 44%). CONCLUSION: Ischemic stroke patients who undergo intra-arterial treatment without general anesthesia have a lower risk of postoperative adverse events and less short-term neurological damage. In routine and non-emergency situations, non-general anesthetic options may be more suitable for intra-arterial treatment, offering greater benefits to patients. In addition to this, the neuroprotective effects of anesthetic drugs should be considered more preoperatively and postoperatively.

Endovascular treatment of brain aneurysms under conscious sedation: a systematic review of procedural feasibility and safety.

Over the last decades, minimally invasive techniques have revolutionized the endovascular treatment (EVT) of brain aneurysms. In parallel, the development of conscious sedation (CS), a potentially less harmful anesthetic protocol than general anesthesia (GA), has led to the course optimization of surgeries, patient outcomes, and healthcare costs. Nevertheless, the feasibility and safety of EVT of brain aneurysms under CS have yet to be assessed thoroughly. Herein, we systematically reviewed the medical literature about this procedure. In accordance with the PRISMA guidelines, four databases (PubMed, EMBASE, SCOPUS, and Cochrane Library) were queried to identify articles describing the EVT of brain aneurysms under CS. Successful procedural completion, complete aneurysm occlusion outcomes, intraoperative complications, clinical outcomes, and mortality rates assessed the feasibility and safety. Our search strategy yielded 567 records, of which 11 articles were included in the qualitative synthesis. These studies entailed a total of 1142 patients (40.7% females), 1183 intracranial aneurysms (78.4% in the anterior circulation and 60.9% unruptured at presentation), and 1391 endovascular procedures (91.9% performed under CS). EVT modalities under CS included coiling alone (63.2%), flow diversion (17.7%), stent-assisted coiling (10.6%), stenting alone (6.5%), onyx embolization alone (1.7%), onyx + stenting (0.2%), and onyx + coiling (0.2%). CS was achieved by combining two or more anesthetics, such as midazolam, fentanyl, and remifentanil. Selection criteria for CS were heterogenous and included patients' history of pulmonary and cardiovascular diseases, outweighing the benefits of CS versus GA, a Hunt and Hess score of I-II, a median score of 3 in the American Society of Anesthesiology scale, and patient's compliance with elective CS. Procedures were deemed successful or achieving complete aneurysm occlusion in 88.1% and 9.4% of reported cases, respectively. Good clinical outcomes were described in 90.4% of patients with available data at follow-up (mean time: 10.7 months). The procedural complication rate was 16%, and the mortality rate was 2.8%. No complications or mortality were explicitly attributed to CS. On the other hand, procedure abortion and conversion from CS to GA were deemed necessary in 5% and 1% of cases, respectively. The present study highlights the feasibility of performing EVT of brain aneurysms under CS as an alternative anesthetic protocol to GA. However, the limited nature of observational studies, methodological quality, the predominant absence of a comparative GA group, and clinical data during follow-up restrict a conclusive statement about the safety of EVT under CS. Accordingly, further research endeavors are warranted toward a higher level of evidence that can be translated into surgical practice.

The Impact of Sedative Choice in the Management of Aneurysmal Subarachnoid Hemorrhage: A Scoping Review.

Aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (aSAH) is characterized by high mortality and morbidity. This scoping review assesses the current evidence regarding the use of sedatives and analgesics in the acute intensive care unit management of aSAH. We conducted a systematic search of Ovid MEDLINE, Ovid Embase, Ovid EmCare, APA PsycInfo, CINAHL, and the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews from inception to June 2023. Studies were included if they enrolled intensive care unit patients aged 18 or older with a significant proportion (> 20%) who had aSAH and evaluated the impact of one or more commonly used analgosedatives on physiological parameters in the management of aSAH. The methodological quality of the studies was assessed using the Methodological Index for Nonrandomized Studies score. Of 2,583 articles, 11 met the inclusion criteria. The median sample size was 47 (interquartile range 10-127), and the median Methodological Index for Nonrandomized Studies score was 9.5 (interquartile range 8-11). The studies' publication years ranged from 1980 to 2023. Dexmedetomidine and ketamine showed potential benefits in reducing the incidence of cortical spreading depolarization and delayed cerebral ischemia. Propofol and opioids appeared safe but lacked robust evidence for efficacy. Benzodiazepines were associated with increased delayed cerebral ischemia-related cerebral infarctions and cortical spreading depolarization events. The evidence available to guide the use of analgosedative medications in aSAH is critically inadequate. Dexmedetomidine and ketamine warrant further exploration in large-scale prospective studies because of their potential benefits. Improved study designs with consistent definitions and a focus on patient-centered outcomes are necessary to inform clinical practice.

Evaluation of the effects of pregabalin and dexamethasone coadministration on preemptive multimodal analgesia and anxiety in third molar surgeries: a triple-blind randomized clinical trial.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the efficacy of pregabalin and dexamethasone coadministration in preemptive analgesia and anxiety control in lower third molar surgery. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A triple-blind, split-mouth clinical trial conducted with patients divided into two groups: control group, receiving placebo and dexamethasone, and test group, receiving pregabalin and dexamethasone preoperatively. The evaluated variables were pain, measured by the Visual Analog Scale (VAS), anxiety assessed through the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) questionnaires, hemodynamic parameters [Blood Pressure (BP), Heart Rate (HR), Oxygen Saturation (SpO2)], and sedation assessed by the Ramsay scale. RESULTS: A total of 31 patients were included. The test group exhibited a significant reduction in pain at 2,4,6,8,12,16,24, and 48 h after surgery and in the consumption of rescue analgesics. Anxiety, evaluated by STAI and VAS, showed a significant decrease in the test group (p < 0.001). Additionally, there was a significant decrease in BP at most of the assessed time points (p < 0.05) and a significant reduction in HR at two different time intervals (p = 0.003 and p = 0.009), indicating a positive effect in the test group. There was no significant difference in SpO2 between the groups. Sedation assessment revealed a significant difference at all time points favoring the test group (p < 0.05). There were no significant postoperative adverse effects. CONCLUSIONS: Pregabalin coadministered with dexamethasone demonstrated significant efficacy in controlling postoperative pain and anxiety, as well as a sedative effect. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: The coadministration of pregabalin with dexamethasone may presents potential advantages in both pain modulation and psychological well-being of individuals undergoing third molar surgeries. TRIAL REGISTRATION: Brazilian Clinical Trials Registry (REBEC), No. RBR-378h6t6.

Mobilisation during mechanical ventilation: A qualitative study exploring the practice of conscious patients, nurses and physiotherapists in intensive care unit.

AIM: To explore the practice of mobilisation of conscious and mechanically ventilated patients and the interaction between patients, nurses and physiotherapists. BACKGROUND: Long-term consequences of critical illness can be reduced by mobilisation starting in Intensive Care Units, but implementation in clinical practice is presently sparse. DESIGN: A qualitative study with a phenomenological-hermeneutic approach. METHODS: Participant observations in three Intensive Care Units involved twelve conscious mechanically ventilated patients, thirty-one nurses and four physiotherapists. Additionally seven semi-structured patient interviews, respectively at the ward and after discharge and two focus group interviews with healthcare professionals were conducted. The data analysis was inspired by Ricoeur's interpretation theory. The study adhered to the COREQ checklist. FINDINGS: Healthcare professionals performed a balance of support and guidance to promote mobilisation practice. The complexity of ICU mobilisation required a flexible mobility plan. Furthermore, interaction with feedback and humour was found to be 'a leverage' for patient's motivation to partake in mobilisation. The practice of mobilisation found patients striving to cope and healthcare professionals promoting a 'balanced standing by' and negotiating the flexible mobility plan to support mobilisation. CONCLUSION: The study revealed a need to clarify interprofessional communication to align expectations towards mobilisation of conscious and mechanically ventilated patients. RELEVANCE TO CLINICAL PRACTICE: The study demonstrated the important role of healthcare professionals to perform a stepwise and 'balanced standing by' in adequately supporting and challenging the mobilisation of mechanically ventilated patients. Furthermore, a synergy can arise when nurses and physiotherapists use supplementary feedback and humour, and cooperate based on a flexible situation-specific mobility plan in intensive care.

Temperament and past behaviour can predict behaviour success for nitrous oxide sedation.

BACKGROUND: There is currently insufficient evidence on potential predictors of a child's behaviour with nitrous oxide (N2O) sedation. AIM: To examine the association between a child's temperament and behavioural outcomes during dental treatment with N2O sedation, and the child's perception to N2O sedation. DESIGN: At the first visit (dental treatment visit), temperament was assessed using the Child Behaviour Questionnaire-Short Form and behaviour was assessed by an independent rater using the Venham Behaviour Rating Scale. At the second visit, the child's experience with N2O sedation was elicited. RESULTS: Seventy-two healthy children aged between 36 and 95 months were recruited. Planned dental treatment was completed in 84.7% of the subjects. Venham behaviour success <3 and Venham behaviour success <1 were achieved in 73.6% and 33.3%, respectively. The temperament domain of effortful control was associated with Venham behaviour score (ρ = -0.266, p = .024) and Venham behaviour success <1 (OR = 3.506, 95% CI = 1.328-9.259, p = .011). Baseline Frankl behaviour score was significantly associated with all behavioural outcomes. Venham behaviour success <3 was significantly associated with a child reporting to have enjoyed the dental treatment visit (p = .026). CONCLUSION: Effortful control and baseline behaviour were associated with behavioural outcomes of N2O sedation and can be used to predict a child's behaviour.

Effect of anesthesia mode during endovascular treatment on neurological functional outcomes in patients with acute posterior circulation stroke. / éº»é†‰æ–¹å¼å¯¹æ€¥æ€§åŽå¾ªçŽ¯è„‘å’ä¸­è¡€ç®¡å† æ²»ç–—æ‚£è€ ç¥žç»åŠŸèƒ½ç»“å±€çš„å½±å“.

OBJECTIVES: To compare the effect of anesthesia mode on the neurological functional outcomes in patients undergoing endovascular treatment for acute posterior circulation ischemic stroke. METHODS: Clinical data of 656 patients undergoing intravascular therapy for acute posterior circulation ischemic stroke registered in online Acute Stroke Patients for Stroke Management Quality Evaluation Database from January 2017 to December 2022 were retrospectively analyzed. The data included 163 cases with conscious sedation and 493 cases with general anesthesia during the procedure. After propensity score matching, 428 patients were included in the analysis, including 155 cases in the conscious sedation group and 273 cases in the general anesthesia group. The differences of operation mode, etiology type, vascular recanalization, hemorrhagic transformation at 24 h, modified Rankin Scale (mRS) score at 3 months and mortality within 3 months were compared between the two groups. Binary logistic regression was used to explore the effect of different anesthesia mode on neurological functional outcomes. RESULTS: There was a significant difference in operation mode between the two groups (P<0.01), while there were no significant differences in etiology type, vascular recanalization, hemorrhagic transformation at 24 h, mRS score at 3 months or mortality within 3 months (all P>0.05). Binary logistic regression analysis revealed that anesthesia modes were not significantly associated with functional outcomes of patients (OR=1.151, 95%CI: 0.751-1.765, P>0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Anesthesia mode (conscious sedation or general anesthesia) will not affect the neurological functional outcomes in patients with acute posterior circulation ischemic stroke undergoing endovascular treatment.

Needle-free pharmacological sedation techniques in paediatric patients for imaging procedures: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

BACKGROUND: Sedation techniques and drugs are increasingly used in children undergoing imaging procedures. In this systematic review and meta-analysis, we present an overview of literature concerning sedation of children aged 0-8 yr for magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) procedures using needle-free pharmacological techniques. METHODS: Embase, MEDLINE, Web of Science, and Cochrane databases were systematically searched for studies on the use of needle-free pharmacological sedation techniques for MRI procedures in children aged 0-8 yr. Studies using i.v. or i.m. medication or advanced airway devices were excluded. We performed a meta-analysis on sedation success rate. Secondary outcomes were onset time, duration, recovery, and adverse events. RESULTS: Sixty-seven studies were included, with 22 380 participants. The pooled success rate for oral chloral hydrate was 94% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.91-0.96); for oral chloral hydrate and intranasal dexmedetomidine 95% (95% CI: 0.92-0.97); for rectal, oral, or intranasal midazolam 36% (95% CI: 0.14-0.65); for oral pentobarbital 99% (95% CI: 0.90-1.00); for rectal thiopental 92% (95% CI: 0.85-0.96); for oral melatonin 75% (95% CI: 0.54-0.89); for intranasal dexmedetomidine 62% (95% CI: 0.38-0.82); for intranasal dexmedetomidine and midazolam 94% (95% CI: 0.78-0.99); and for inhaled sevoflurane 98% (95% CI: 0.97-0.99). CONCLUSIONS: We found a large variation in medication, dosage, and route of administration for needle-free sedation. Success rates for sedation techniques varied between 36% and 98%.

A sudden increase in heart rate during ablation of the right superior pulmonary venous vestibule is correlated with pain-relief in patients undergoing atrial fibrillation ablation.

BACKGROUND: A sudden increase in heart rate (HR) during ablation of the right superior pulmonary venous vestibule (RSPVV) is often detected in patients undergoing circumferential pulmonary vein isolation (CPVI). In our clinical practices, we observed that some patients had few complaints of pain during the procedures under conscious sedation. AIM: We aimed to investigate whether there is a correlation between a sudden increase in HR during AF ablation of the RSPVV and pain relief under conscious sedation. METHODS: We prospectively enrolled 161 consecutive paroxysmal AF patients who underwent the first ablation from July 1, 2018, to November 30, 2021. Patients were assigned to the R group when they had a sudden increase in HR during the ablation of the RSPVV, and the others were assigned to the NR group. Atrial effective refractory period and HR were measured before and after the procedure. Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) scores, vagal response (VR) during ablation, and the amount of fentanyl used were also documented. RESULTS: Eighty-one patients were assigned to the R group, and the remaining 80 were assigned to the NR group. The post-ablation HR (86.3 ± 8.8 vs. 70.0 ± 9.4 b/min; p ≤ 0.001) was higher in the R group than in pre-ablation. Ten patients in the R group had VRs during CPVI, as well as 52 patients in the NR group. The VAS score [2.3 (1.3-3.4) vs. 6.0 (4.4-6.9); p ≤ 0.001)] and the amount of fentanyl used (107 ± 12 vs. 172 ± 26 ug; p ≤ 0.001) were significantly lower in the R group. CONCLUSION: A sudden increase in HR during the ablation of the RSPVV was correlated with pain relief in patients undergoing AF ablation under conscious sedation.

Awake surgery for glioma resection during pregnancy: a systematic review.

Brain tumors are rarely present during pregnancy. However, they can severely impact the fetus and mother's well-being due to a complex interaction of disease and physiological factors. Moreover, awake surgery for gliomas has been scarcely reported during this life stage, and the nuances and techniques merit further investigation. Herein, we performed a systematic review of the literature about awake surgery for glioma resection during pregnancy. A total of six patients with a median age of 30.5 years (interquartile range: 40-27) were analyzed. Awake surgery was performed in the third trimester in 50% of patients (median time: 24.5 weeks) without reported intraoperative complications. Conscious sedation was achieved by remifentanil and propofol infusion in 67% of cases, and intraoperative fetal heart monitoring was utilized in 83% of cases. Most studies revealed good clinical maternal-fetal outcomes at follow-up; however, long-term safety effects remain undetermined and warrant further research. In conclusion, awake surgery for glioma resection under a multidisciplinary approach can be a reasonable treatment option for select patients during pregnancy.

Comparative analysis of perioperative characteristics and early outcomes in transforaminal endoscopic lumbar diskectomy: general anesthesia versus conscious sedation.

PURPOSE: To better understand how anesthesia type impacts patient selection and recovery in TELD, we conducted a multicenter prospective study which evaluates the differences in perioperative characteristics and outcomes between patients who underwent TELD with either general anesthesia (GA) or conscious sedation (CS). METHODS: We prospectively collected data from all TELD performed by five neurosurgeons at five different medical centers between February and October of 2022. The study population was dichotomized by anesthesia scheme, creating CS and GA cohorts. This study's primary outcomes were the Oswetry Disability Index (ODI) and the Visual Analog Scale (VAS) for back and leg pain, assessed preoperatively and at 2-week follow-up. RESULTS: A total of 52 patients underwent TELD for symptomatic lumbar disk herniation. Twenty-three patients received conscious sedation with local anesthesia, and 29 patients were operated on under general anesthesia. Patients who received CS were significantly older (60.0 vs. 46.7, p < 0.001) and had lower BMI (28.2 vs. 33.4, p = 0.005) than patients under GA. No intraoperative or anesthetic complications occurred in the CS and GA cohorts. Improvement at 2-week follow-up in ODI, VAS-back, and VAS-leg was greater in patients receiving CS relative to patients under GA, but these differences were not statistically significant. CONCLUSION: In our multicenter prospective analysis of 52 patients undergoing TELD, we found that patients receiving CS were significantly older and had significantly lower BMI compared to patients under GA. On subgroup analysis, no statistically significant differences were found in the improvement of PROMs between patients in the CS and GA group.

Conscious sedation anesthesia using different doses of remifentanil combined with dexmedetomidine for peritoneal dialysis catheter implantation.

BACKGROUND: Conscious sedation anesthesia (CSA) is an anesthetic method during peritoneal dialysis catheter implantation. However, lack of optimal CSA strategies for patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD). This study aimed to evaluate the analgesic effects and safety of CSA using different doses of remifentanil combined with dexmedetomidine during peritoneal dialysis catheter insertion. METHODS: Patients who underwent peritoneal dialysis (PD) catheter placement via open surgical incision were retrospectively analyzed and divided into three groups based on the tertile dose of remifentanil. The bispectral index (BIS) was used to monitor the depth of anesthesia. Data regarding clinical findings, the effects of anesthesia, and the incidence of drug-related adverse effects were collected. RESULTS: In total, 102 patients completed the surgery successfully and safely. The dose of remifentanil was 0.02-0.07 µg/kg/min, 0.08-0.13 µg/kg/min, and 0.14-0.20 µg/kg/min in Groups A, B, and C, respectively. Only seven patients reported mild pain during the surgery. No significant differences were observed among the numeric rating scale scores of the three groups (p > 0.05). Intraoperative hemodynamics were stable. The incidence of respiratory depression was 8.3%, 20.0%, and 41.9% in Groups A, B, and C, respectively (p < 0.01). The incidence of gastrointestinal symptoms in Group C (51.6%) was higher than that in Groups A and B (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION: Low-dose remifentanil (0.02-0.07 µg/kg/min) combined with dexmedetomidine achieved satisfactory anesthetic effects with fewer adverse drug reactions during PD catheter implantation, indicating its potential for use in patients undergoing PD catheter placement.

Conscious sedation versus general anesthesia for transcatheter aortic valve implantation in patients with severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.

INTRODUCTION: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is considered a major risk factor for postoperative complications after transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI). To date, there is no clear consensus on the best anesthesia management for these patients. We aimed to investigate the effects of types of anesthesia on clinical outcomes in patients with severe COPD undergoing TAVI. METHODS: This is a single-center, retrospective study comparing conscious sedation (CS) versus general anesthesia (GA) in 72 patients with severe COPD who underwent TAVI. The primary endpoints were 30-day all-cause mortality and postoperative pulmonary complications. RESULTS: The main outcome of interest of this study was that the frequency of pulmonary complications was statistically higher in the GA group (21.4% vs 3.3%, p = 0.038). These differences are most likely attributed to the GA because of prolonged mechanical ventilation, and longer ICU stay (2 (1.2-3) vs 2.5 (2-4) days, p = 0.029) associated with an increased risk of nosocomial infections. There were no significant differences in procedure complications and 30-day mortality between the two groups (GA; 19% vs CS; 13.3%, p = 0.521). One-year survival rates, compared by Kaplan-Meier analysis, were similar between groups (log-rank p = 0.733). CONCLUSION: In aortic stenosis patients with severe COPD undergoing TAVI, the use of GA compared with CS was associated with higher incidences of respiratory-related complications, and longer ICU length of stay. CS is a safe and viable option for these patients and should be considered the favored approach.

Factors Associated With Successful Closed Reduction of Dislocated Ankle Fractures at a US Level-1 Trauma Center.

Dislocated ankle fractures represent a common presenting pathology at US emergency departments, and several different procedural and anesthetic techniques are employed for attempted closed reduction of these injuries. The objective of this investigation was to evaluate the frequency of and factors associated with success in the closed reduction of dislocated ankle fractures. A diagnostic code search produced 1050 ankle fractures presenting to an urban US level-1 emergency department. These medical records were interrogated and first categorized into whether or not a closed reduction was attempted. Those identified closed reduction attempts were further categorized into whether the attempt was successful. A comparative analysis was subsequently performed of variables associated with procedure success. Of the 1050, 97 (9.2%) required closed reduction and of these, 76 (78.4%) were successfully closed reduced on the first attempt. No differences were observed in initial procedure success with respect to subject age (p = .701), subject gender (p = .623), fracture laterality (p = 1.00), open versus closed injuries (p = .282), fracture mechanism (p = 1.00), utilized anesthetic technique (p value range 0.291-0.616), or the specialty performing the reduction (p-value range 0.402-1.00). A descriptive subanalysis was performed on those fractures with an unsuccessful first closed reduction attempt. It is our hope that this investigation adds to the body of knowledge with respect to a commonly performed procedure by foot and ankle surgeons.

The importance of anaesthesia in atrial fibrillation ablation: Comparing conscious sedation with general anaesthesia.

BACKGROUND: General anaesthesia (GA) for atrial fibrillation (AF) ablation is often preferred over conscious sedation (CS) to minimize patient discomfort and reduce the risk of map disruption from patient movement but may pose an additional risk to some patients with significant comorbidity or poor cardiac function. METHODS: We extracted data for 300 patients who underwent AF ablation between the years 2017 and 2019 and compared the outcomes of AF ablation with CS and GA. RESULTS: Compared to the GA group, patients were younger in the CS group (63 versus 66 years, p = 0.02), had less persistent AF (34% versus 46%, p = 0.048) and the left atrial dimension was smaller (41 versus 45 mm, p = 0.01). More patients had cryoballoon ablation (CBA) than radiofrequency (RFA) ablation in the CS than the GA group (88% CB with CS and 56% RF with GA, p < 0.01), frequency of ASA score 3-4 (higher anaesthetic risk) was less for CS than for GA (45% versus 75%, p < 0.01), and procedural duration was shorter for patients who had CS (110 versus 139 min, p < 0.001). Of the patients receiving CS, 127/182 (70%) were planned for same day discharge (SDD) and this occurred in 120 (94%) of those patients. There were no significant differences in complication rates between the groups (5.1% in GA and 6% in CS, p = 0.8). AF type was the only significant predictor of freedom from AF recurrence on multivariate analysis (HR 0.33, 0.13-0.82, p = 0.018). CONCLUSION: In this study, the use of CS compared with GA for AF ablation was associated with similar outcomes and complication rates.