RESUMO
Osteoarthritis (OA) is a degenerative joint disease primarily affecting the elderly. It is characterized by the progressive decline of joint cartilage and alterations in the underlying bone. Several probiotic strains have exhibited immunomodulatory and anti-inflammatory properties. Here, we examined the functions of live and dead Clostridium butyricum GKB7 (GKB7-L and GKB7-D) in a preclinical anterior cruciate ligament transection (ACLT)-enhanced OA procedure. Oral administration of GKB7-L and GKB7-D ameliorated ACLT-induced bone pain as assessed by weight-bearing behavioral testing but did not affect body weight. Micro-computed tomography (CT) results showed that GKB7-L and GKB7-D diminished ACLT-induced bone destruction and loss. GKB7-L and GKB7-D-enriched therapies also reduced ACLT-induced production of the pro-inflammatory cytokines interleukin (IL)-1ß and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, as well as the chondrolytic factor matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-3, leading to inhibition of aggrecan and collagen type II degradation and thereby blocking cartilage breakdown. We therefore suggest that oral supplementation with GKB7-L or GKB7-D can be beneficial in the prevention and treatment of OA.
RESUMO
Background: Because depression is a major factor contributing to the global disease burden, we tried to analyze the effects and safety of Ginkgo biloba (GKB) on patients with depression. Methods: We conducted a literature search for articles published between January 2002 and May 2022 in seven online databases (PubMed, Scopus, Embase, Google Scholar, Web of Sciences, Cochrane Library, and China National Knowledge Infrastructure). A systematic literature review and meta-analysis were performed to compare the effects and safety of GKB on patients with depression, including subjective and objective indicators of depression evaluation. Results: In total, 21 eligible articles with nine indicators among 2074 patients were included. Several outcomes showed a difference, and the GKB group had better results than the control group, including the Hamilton Depression Scale (HAMD), after taking GKB for 4 weeks (MD = -2.86, 95%CI [-4.27, -1.46], p < 0.01), 6 weeks (mean difference (MD) = -3.36, 95%CI [-4.05, -2.67], p < 0.01), and 8 weeks (MD = -4.58, 95% CI [-6.11, -3.05], p < 0.01), modified Barthel index (MBI) (MD = 14.86, 95%CI [12.07, 17.64], p < 0.01), modified Edinburgh-Scandinavian stroke scale (MESSS) (MD = -4.57, 95%CI [-6.34, -2.79], p < 0.01), brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) (MD = 16.35, 95%CI [7.34, 25.36], p < 0.01), 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) (MD = 4.57, 95%CI [3.08, 6.05], p < 0.01), and clinical efficacy (risk ratio, RR = 1.24, 95%CI [1.17, 1.32], p < 0.01). However, there were no differences in adverse events between GKB and controls. Conclusion: In conclusion, the main finding was that patients treated with GKB had better MBI, MESSS, BDNF, 5-HT, and HAMD values after 4 weeks, 6 weeks, and 8 weeks than the control group. GKB might reduce the risk of depression or depressive symptoms with safe clinical efficacy. Systematic Review Registration: identifier (INPLASY2023100052).
RESUMO
Background: There has existed controversy regarding the use of Ginkgo biloba (GKB) for blood metabolism among type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM) patients, and we tried to analyze the effects and safety of GKB on T2DM patients. Methods: We conducted a literature search between January 2003 and December 2022 of seven online databases (PubMed, Scopus, Embase, Google Scholar, Web of Sciences, Cochrane Library, and China National Knowledge Infrastructure). A systematic literature review and meta-analysis were performed to compare the effects and safety of GKB among T2DM patients. Four groups of parameters were extracted and analyzed: hemorheology parameters, lipid profile, glycemic control markers, and adverse events. Results: In the end, 13 eligible articles with 11 indicators among 1573 patients were included. In the hemorheology parameters section, GKB showed significantly lower plasma viscosity (PV) (SMD=-0.91, 95%CI [-1.45, -0.36], P<0.01) and hematocrit (Hct) (SMD=-0.60, 95%CI [-0.97, -0.24], P<0.01) than the control group. GKB shoed higher velocity of the dorsalis pedis artery (VDPA) (SMD=0.51, 95%CI [0.26, 0.76], P<0.01) and ankle brachial index (ABI) (SMD=0.71, 95%CI [0.32, 1.10], P<0.01) than the control. In both the lipid profile and glycemic control markers sections, we did not find any difference between GKB and control groups, including total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), low-density lipoprotein (LDL), high-density lipoprotein (HDL), hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c), and fasting serum glucose (FSG). In addition, we saw no difference in adverse events (AE). The sensitivity analysis and funnel plot showed that the results in this research were robust and had no publication bias. Conclusion: In conclusion, GKB might safely reduce the risk of peripheral arterial or even systemic cardiovascular disease. However, GKB did not directly improve lipid and blood glucose levels in T2DM patients. Systematic review registration: https://inplasy.com/, identifier INPLASY202350096.
Assuntos
Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2 , Ginkgo biloba , Humanos , Extratos Vegetais , Índice Tornozelo-Braço , LipídeosRESUMO
Osteoarthritis (OA) is a degenerative and painful inflammatory joint disease affecting the cartilage, bone, and synovial membranes, without any effective treatment that targets the underlying mechanisms of OA. Our study evaluated the therapeutic effects of a live probiotic strain, Clostridium butyricum GKB7, administered for 6 weeks to rats with knee OA (KOA) induced by anterior cruciate ligament transection (ACLT) of the right knee. All rats underwent weekly weight-bearing behavioral testing and body weight measurements. At 6 weeks, all rats were sacrificed, and the right hind knees were collected for micro-computed tomography imaging and histopathological and immunohistochemical analyses. Compared with rats in the ACLT-only group, ACLT rats administered the probiotic exhibited dramatic improvements in pain-related behavior from postoperative week 2, had significantly less osseous and cartilaginous damage at week 6, and significantly lower levels of the inflammatory markers interleukin 1 beta (IL-1ß) and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) in cartilage and synovium sections. C. butyricum GKB7 appeared to slow or even reverse OA progression and is worth investigating as a novel therapeutic for OA.