Effects of different rootstocks on cadmium accumulation characteristics of the post-grafting generations of Galinsoga parviflora.

A pot experiment was conducted to study the effects of different rootstocks on the cadmium (Cd) accumulation characteristics of the post-grafting generations of Cd-hyperaccumulator Galinsoga parviflora plants. Five treatments, ungrafted and G. parviflora seedlings grafted on the rootstocks of Kalimeris indica, Senecio scandens, Conyza canadensis, and Artemisia sieversiana, were utilized. The four rootstock grafts decreased the shoot biomass of the G. parviflora post-grafting generation compared with ungrafted. The K. indica and S. scandens grafts increased the Cd concentration in shoots of the G. parviflora post-grafting generation by 15.06% and 14.40%, respectively, compared with ungrafted, while the C. canadensis and A. sieversiana grafts had no significant effects. K. indica grafts increased the amount of Cd extracted by shoots of the G. parviflora post-grafting generation by 10.59% compared with ungrafted, while the other treatments resulted in decreases. Compared with ungrafted, the different rootstocks had no significant effects on the photosynthetic pigment content of the G. parviflora post-grafting generation, and only C. canadensis grafts increased the superoxide dismutase activity level, while only K. indica grafts increased the peroxidase activity level. Therefore, the K. indica rootstock could increase the phytoremediation capability of G. parviflora post-grafted plants grown in Cd-contaminated soil.

Galinsoga parviflora (Cav.): A comprehensive review on ethnomedicinal, phytochemical and pharmacological studies.

Galinsoga parviflora (Cav.) is a member of the Asteraceae family traditionally used for treatment of various ailments such as malaria, flu, cold, colorectal cancer, liver problems and inflammation. The medicinal properties of G. parviflora are due to the presence of various secondary metabolites including flavonoids, saponins, terpenoids and tannins. The literature survey revealed that G. parviflora possesses several pharmacological properties such as antibacterial, antifungal, antioxidant and antidiabetic. This review systematically discusses the potential of G. parviflora for managing medical conditions. The information is collected from various online databases such as Google Scholar, ScienceDirect, Springer, Web of Science, Plant of the World Online and PubMed. Among other information provided in this review, ethnomedicinal uses, phytochemistry and pharmacological activities are discussed extensively. Additonally, the potential benefits, challenges and future opportunities are presented.

Advances in green nanotechnology: Data for green synthesis and characterization of iron nanoparticles synthesized using Galinsoga parviflora, Conyza bonariensis and Bidens pilosa leaf extracts, and their application in degradation of methylene blue dye and rifampicin antibiotic.

This data article reports contents of the information derived from an efficient, environmentally friendly, and low-cost method of synthesis and recovery of iron nanoparticles using Galinsoga parviflora, Conyza bonariensis and Bidens pilosa aqueous leaf extracts as reducing, stabilizing, and capping agents, and applications of the nanoparticles in degradation of organic dyes and antibiotics. Various spectroscopic and microscopic techniques were used to collect the data. Data is displayed in the form of .raw files, graphs, images, Microsoft Excel sheets, .data point files, and PDF files, along with other formats. Data analysis and interpretation methods have also been presented. Researchers, research students, academicians, and industrialists can benefit greatly from the data in order to gain knowledge about the green synthesis of iron nanoparticles and related applications such as degradation organic pollutants. The data is deposited in the mendeley data repository as two independent datasets at https://data.mendeley.com/datasets/rxkv6j7hrx.

[Effects of simulated insect herbivory on defense traits of Galinsoga parviflora.] / 模拟昆虫取食对牛膝菊防御特征的影响.

To understand mechanisms underlying Galinsoga parviflora invasion and its responses to simulated insect herbivory, individuals of Galinsoga parviflora were treated with different concentrations of methyl jasmonate (MeJA) before blooming. We measued plant height, abundance of leaves and inflorescences, biomass, specific leaf area, trichome density, condensed tannins, total polyphenols, and flavonoids in leaves and inflorescences. The growth and reproduction parameters of G. parviflora treated with 5 mmol·L-1 MeJA were not significantly different from those of control, higher than those of control when treated with 10 mmol·L-1 MeJA, with significant difference except plant height, and declined when treated with 20 mmol·L-1 MeJA. The trichome density of leaf upper epidermis increased and specific leaf area decreased with increasing MeJA concentration, with both being significantly different from that of control. The contents of flavonoids, total polyphenols, and condensed tannins in leaves treated with 5 mmol·L-1MeJA were not significantly different from those of control. These defensive substances in leaves and inflorescences were highest under 10 mmol·L-1MeJA treatment. The contents of flavonoids and total polyphenols in inflorescences being higher than those of leaves, while condensed tannins was opposite. The defensive substances in leaves declined under 20 mmol·L-1MeJA treatment. The results suggested that G. parviflora could use tolerance and resistance strategies comprehensively, and adopted a variety of defense strategies such as compensatory growth, physical defense, and chemical defense, which was conducive to its success in invasion.

Characterization of the complete chloroplast genome sequence of Galinsoga parviflora and its phylogenetic implications.

Galinsoga parviflora is an invasive weed in southwest of Chinese agricultural systems and commonly used as medicine and food. In this study, the complete chloroplast genome of the G. parviflora was assembled from the whole genome Illumina sequencing data. The circular genome is 151,811 bp in size, which composed of one large single-copy (LSC) and one small single-copy (SSC) regions of 83,594 bp and 18,141 bp, respectively, and separated by a pair of inverted repeat (IR) regions of 25,038 bp each. It encodes a total of 113 gene species (80 protein-coding, 29 tRNA, and four rRNA species), in which 19 of them with double copies. The overall GC content is 37.7% while the GC content of the LSC, SSC, and IR regions are 35.8%, 31.3%, and 43.1%, separately. Phylogenetic analysis indicated that Galinsoga parviflora was closely related to Galinsoga quadriradiata.

Effects of mutual grafting on cadmium accumulation characteristics of first post-generations of Bidens pilosa L. and Galinsoga parviflora Cav.

We studied the effects of mutual grafting on cadmium (Cd) accumulation characteristics on the first post-generations of the Cd-hyperaccumulator plants Bidens pilosa L. and Galinsoga parviflora Cav. The seeds from scions and rootstocks of B. pilosa and G. parviflora were collected and planted in Cd-contaminated soil in pot and field experiments. In the pot experiment, rootstock treatment increased the shoot biomass of B. pilosa post-grafting generations, compared with ungrafted B. pilosa, but decreased the Cd content in shoots and Cd extraction by shoots of post-grafting generations; scion treatment decreased or had no significant effect. Mutual grafting resulted in no significant differences to the photosynthetic pigment contents in B. pilosa post-grafting generations. Compared with ungrafted G. parviflora, scion treatment increased the shoot biomass, photosynthetic pigment content, and Cd extraction by shoots of G. parviflora post-grafting generations, but rootstock treatment did not lead to significant differences. Mutual grafting resulted in no significant differences to the Cd contents in shoots of G. parviflora post-grafting generations. In the field experiment, only rootstock treatment increased the shoot biomass of B. pilosa post-grafting generations, and only scion treatment increased the shoot biomass and the Cd extraction by shoots of G. parviflora post-grafting generations. Therefore, mutual grafting of scions may enhance the phytoremediation ability of G. parviflora first post-grafting generations.

Caffeic acid derivatives isolated from Galinsoga parviflora herb protected human dermal fibroblasts from UVA-radiation.

BACKGROUND: Among solar radiation, ultraviolet light is the most harmful for the skin, because of intracellular reactive oxygen species formation, leading to oxidative stress, cell damage and apoptosis. Crucial role in skin protection against oxidative stress play antioxidant enzymes regulated by Nrf2 transcription factor. Some plant-derived polyphenols are known to protect skin fibroblasts against UV through induction of Nrf2-dependent antioxidant genes expression. PURPOSE: We previously found out that water extracts from Galinsoga sp. herb protected human dermal fibroblasts against UVA-induced oxidative stress and apoptosis. However, which compounds were responsible for such protective action remained unclear. Here, we investigated photoprotective potential and mechanism of action of two main isolated compounds, 2,3,5(2,4,5)-tricaffeoylaltraric acid and 2,4(3,5)-dicaffeoylglucaric acid, on human dermal fibroblasts (NHDF). STUDY DESIGN/METHODS: NHDF cells were pretreated with tested compounds (6.25-50 µM) and irradiated with UVA (25 J/cm2). Intracellular ROS and GSH level, cell viability, cell membrane integrity and apoptosis were measured. HO-1 protein expression and Nrf2 transcription factor activation were also assessed. RESULTS: Cells pretreated with tested compounds prior to UVA showed inhibition of intracellular ROS formation and increase of GSH level. Significant increase of cell viability was also observed, as well as decrease of LDH release and a the rate of apoptotic cells in comparison to untreated cells. Furthermore, tested compounds increased HO-1 expression and activated the Nrf2 transcription factor in NHDF cells. CONCLUSION: Present study demonstrated that caffeic acid derivatives present in Galinsoga parviflora herb, in particular tricaffeoylaltraric acid may protect dermal fibroblasts against UVA-induced oxidative stress through activation of intracellular antioxidative system. Such caffeic acid derivatives are bioactive compounds which might prevent UV-induced photoageing and photocarcinogenesis.

Determination of in vitro antioxidant and UV-protecting activity of aqueous and ethanolic extracts from Galinsoga parviflora and Galinsoga quadriradiata herb.

Galinsoga species are used in folk medicine as anti-inflammatory agents and accelerators for wound healing. They also have reported antioxidant activity. We examined aqueous and ethanolic extracts derived from the Galinsoga herb as potential photoprotectors, as the role of reactive oxygen species (ROS) has implicated in skin damage. The extracts used in the study were standardized by determining the sum of flavonoids, and the amount of caffeic acid and its derivatives. The antioxidant activity of the extracts was evaluated by examining the scavenging of two radicals (O2(-) and H2O2) generated in cell-free systems. We also examined the effect on ROS generation by human skin fibroblasts after UV irradiation. In addition we determined the cytotoxicity of the extracts and their protective effect against damage caused by UV irradiation (MTT test, LDH release test and staining with annexine V-FITC/PI). Our findings show that the ethanolic extracts from the herb have cytotoxic effects, while the aqueous extracts from Galinsoga herb have protective activity, in part due to their ability to inhibit ROS generation. In the conclusion the aqueous extracts from the both tested species may be effective as photoprotectors.

Screening of a new cadmium hyperaccumulator, Galinsoga parviflora, from winter farmland weeds using the artificially high soil cadmium concentration method.

A new method, the artificially high soil cadmium (Cd) concentration method, was used to screen for Cd hyperaccumulators among winter farmland weeds. Galinsoga parviflora was the most promising remedial plant among 5 Cd accumulators or hyperaccumulators. In Cd concentration gradient experiments, as soil Cd concentration increased, root and shoot biomass decreased, and their Cd contents increased. In additional concentration gradient experiments, superoxide dismutase and peroxidase activities increased with soil Cd concentrations up to 75 mg kg(-1) , while expression of their isoenzymes strengthened. Catalase (CAT) activity declined and CAT isoenzyme expression weakened at soil Cd concentrations less than 50 mg kg(-1) . The maxima of Cd contents in shoots and roots were 137.63 mg kg(-1) and 105.70 mg kg(-1) , respectively, at 100 mg kg(-1) Cd in soil. The root and shoot bioconcentration factors exceeded 1.0, as did the translocation factor. In a field experiment, total extraction of Cd by shoots was 1.35 mg m(-2) to 1.43 mg m(-2) at soil Cd levels of 2.04 mg kg(-1) to 2.89 mg kg(-1) . Therefore, the artificially high soil Cd concentration method was effective for screening Cd hyperaccumulators. Galinsoga parviflora is a Cd hyperaccumulator that could be used to efficiently remediate Cd-contaminated farmland soil.