Spatio-temporal evolution of resources and environmental carrying capacity and its influencing factors: A case study of Shandong Peninsula urban agglomeration.

Promoting ecological conservation and high-quality development in the Yellow River basin is an important objective in China's 14th Five-Year Plan. Understanding the spatio-temporal evolution of and factors affecting the resources and environmental carrying capacity (RECC) of the urban agglomerations is critical for boosting high-quality green-oriented development. We first combined the Driver-Pressure-State-Impact-Response (DPSIR) framework and the improved Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution (TOPSIS) model to evaluate the RECC of Shandong Peninsula urban agglomeration in 2000, 2010 and 2020; we then used trend analysis and spatial autocorrelation analysis to understand the spatio-temporal evolution and distribution pattern of RECC. Furthermore, we employed Geodetector to detect the influencing factors and classified the urban agglomeration into six zones based on the weighted Voronoi diagram of RECC as well as specific conditions of the study area. The results show that the RECC of Shandong Peninsula urban agglomeration increased consistently over time, from 0.3887 in 2000 to 0.4952 in 2010 and 0.6097 in 2020, respectively. Geographically, RECC decreased gradually from the northeast coast to the southwest inland. Globally, only in 2010 the RECC presented a significant spatial positive correlation, and that in the other years were not significant. The high-high cluster was mainly located in Weifang, while the low-low cluster in Jining. Furthermore, our study reveals three key factors-advancement of industrial structure, resident consumption level, and water consumption per ten thousand yuan of industrial added value-that affected the distribution of RECC. Other factors, including the interactions between residents' consumption level and environmental regulation, residents' consumption level and advancement of industrial structure, as well as between the proportion of R&D expenditure in GDP and resident consumption level also played important roles resulting in the variation of RECC among different cities within the urban agglomeration. Accordingly, we proposed suggestions for achieving high-quality development for different zones.

Digital Twins-Based Impact Response Prediction of Prestressed Steel Structure.

Civil infrastructure O&M requires intelligent monitoring techniques and control methods to ensure safety. Unfortunately, tedious modeling efforts and the rigorous computing requirements of large-scale civil infrastructure have hindered the development of structural research. This study proposes a method for impact response prediction of prestressed steel structures driven by digital twins (DTs) and machine learning (ML). The high-fidelity DTs of a prestressed steel structure were constructed from the perspective of both a physical entity and virtual entity. A prediction of the impact response of prestressed steel structure's key parts was established based on ML, and a structure response prediction of the parts driven by data was realized. To validate the effectiveness of the proposed prediction method, the authors carried out a case study in an experiment of a prestressed steel structure. This study provides a reference for fusion applications with DTs and ML in impact response prediction and analysis of prestressed steel structures.

Assessment of Impact Energy Harvesting in Composite Beams with Piezoelectric Transducers.

Piezoelectric energy harvesting (PEH) is studied in the case of a low-velocity impact of a rigid mass on a composite beam. A methodology is outlined, encompassing modelling of the open-circuit impact response in a finite element (FE) package, formulation of a lumped parameter (LP) model for the piezoelectric transducer connected with the harvesting circuit, and experimental verification of the impact using a custom portable configuration with impactor motion control. The subcircuit capacitor charging effect, the impactor mass and velocity on the harvesting subcircuit response, and the obtained output power are quantified. The results indicate that the current methodology can be used as a design tool for the structure and the harvesting circuit to achieve power output from composite beams with piezoelectric patches under impact conditions.

Municipal solid waste prevention: A review of market-based instruments in six European Union countries.

This article focuses on quantitative prevention of municipal solid waste among the 28 member countries of the European Union. A strict definition of waste prevention is used, including waste avoidance, waste reduction at source or in process, and product reuse, while recycling is outside the scope of this article. In order to provide a solid overview of the European situation, the study selected six countries (Belgium, Bulgaria, Italy, the Netherlands, Romania and Spain). Several selection requirements have been considered, such as geographic location or municipal solid waste per capita production trends from 1995 to 2017. A review of prevention programmes and other national strategic documents has been conducted. Extended producer responsibility, Pay-As-You-Throw schemes, Deposit-Refund Systems and Environmental Taxes implementation among the selected countries have been studied in order to understand how these market-based instruments can be used for the sake of waste prevention. Each market-based instrument has been further analysed using the Drivers Pressures State Impact Response model. Based on the results of this study, the effectiveness of market-based instruments implementation is strictly related to the context they are enforced in. It is particularly important to tailor the market-based instruments based on the implementation area. Nevertheless, market-based instruments, which are now mostly meant to boost the recycling sector of the considered Member States, should be designed to improve waste prevention performances, ensuring the achievement of the highest level of waste hierarchy promoted by the European Union.

Fusion of acoustic sensing and deep learning techniques for apple mealiness detection.

Mealiness in apple fruit can occur during storage or because of harvesting in an inappropriate time; it degrades the quality of the fruit and has a considerable role in the fruit industry. In this paper, a novel non-destructive approach for detection of mealiness in Red Delicious apple using acoustic and deep learning techniques was proposed. A confined compression test was performed to assign labels of mealy and non-mealy to the apple samples. The criteria for the assignment were hardness and juiciness of the samples. For the acoustic measurements, a plastic ball pendulum was used as the impact device, and a microphone was installed near the sample to record the impact response. The recorded acoustic signals were converted to images. Two famous pre-trained convolutional neural networks, AlexNet and VGGNet were fine-tuned and employed as classifiers. According to the result obtained, the accuracy of AlexNet and VGGNet for classifying the apples to the two categories of mealy and non-mealy apples was 91.11% and 86.94%, respectively. In addition, the training and classification speed of AlexNet was higher. The results indicated that the suggested method provides an effective and promising tool for assessment of mealiness in apple fruit non-destructively and inexpensively.

SHARE IT: Co-designing a sustainability impact assessment framework for urban food sharing initiatives.

Urban food systems must undergo a significant transformation if they are to avoid impeding the achievement of UN Sustainable Development Goals. One reconfiguration with claimed sustainability benefits is ICT-mediated food sharing - an umbrella term used to refer to technologically-augmented collective or collaborative practices around growing, cooking, eating and redistributing food - which some argue improves environmental efficiencies by reducing waste, providing opportunities to make or save money, building social networks and generally enhancing well-being. However, most sustainability claims for food sharing have not been evidenced by systematically collected and presented data. In this paper we document our response to this mismatch between claims and evidence through the development of the SHARECITY sustainability Impact assessment Toolkit (SHARE IT); a novel Sustainability Impact Assessment (SIA) framework which has been co-designed with food sharing initiatives to better indicate the impact of food-sharing initiatives in urban food systems. We demonstrate that while several SIA frameworks have been developed to evaluate food systems at the urban scale, they contain few measures that specifically account for impacts of the sharing that initiatives undertake. The main body of the paper focuses on the co-design process undertaken with food sharing initiatives based in Dublin and London. Attention is paid to how two core goals were achieved: 1) the identification of a coherent SIA framework containing appropriate indicators for the activities of food sharing initiatives; and 2) the development of an open access online toolkit for in order to make SIA reporting accessible for food sharing initiatives. In conclusion, the co-design process revealed a number of technical and conceptual challenges, but it also stimulated creative responses to these challenges.

Essential ocean variables for global sustained observations of biodiversity and ecosystem changes.

Sustained observations of marine biodiversity and ecosystems focused on specific conservation and management problems are needed around the world to effectively mitigate or manage changes resulting from anthropogenic pressures. These observations, while complex and expensive, are required by the international scientific, governance and policy communities to provide baselines against which the effects of human pressures and climate change may be measured and reported, and resources allocated to implement solutions. To identify biological and ecological essential ocean variables (EOVs) for implementation within a global ocean observing system that is relevant for science, informs society, and technologically feasible, we used a driver-pressure-state-impact-response (DPSIR) model. We (1) examined relevant international agreements to identify societal drivers and pressures on marine resources and ecosystems, (2) evaluated the temporal and spatial scales of variables measured by 100+ observing programs, and (3) analysed the impact and scalability of these variables and how they contribute to address societal and scientific issues. EOVs were related to the status of ecosystem components (phytoplankton and zooplankton biomass and diversity, and abundance and distribution of fish, marine turtles, birds and mammals), and to the extent and health of ecosystems (cover and composition of hard coral, seagrass, mangrove and macroalgal canopy). Benthic invertebrate abundance and distribution and microbe diversity and biomass were identified as emerging EOVs to be developed based on emerging requirements and new technologies. The temporal scale at which any shifts in biological systems will be detected will vary across the EOVs, the properties being monitored and the length of the existing time-series. Global implementation to deliver useful products will require collaboration of the scientific and policy sectors and a significant commitment to improve human and infrastructure capacity across the globe, including the development of new, more automated observing technologies, and encouraging the application of international standards and best practices.

Impact Mechanical Response of a 2-2 Cement-Based Piezoelectric Sensor Considering the Electrode Layer Effect.

Cement-based piezoelectric composite, has been widely used as a kind of smart material in structural health monitoring and active vibration control. However, transient dynamic loads such as impact loads may cause serious damage to the composite. Considering the electrode layer effect, this paper aimed to investigate the theoretical response of a 2-2 cement-based piezoelectric composite sensor subjected to an impact load. The vibration behaviors are analyzed by using the mode summation method and the virtual work principle. To simulate the impact load, transient haversine wave loads are assumed in the numerical simulation. Close agreements between theoretical and numerical solutions are found for peak transient haversine wave loads larger than 500 kPa, therefore proving the validity of the theory. Moreover, the influence of the electrode material and geometrical parameters on the dynamic characteristics of this sensor are considered. The present work should be beneficial to the design of this kind of sensor by taking into account the electrode layer effect.

A structured participatory method to support policy option analysis in a social-ecological system.

In this study we demonstrate how to support policy option analysis for a problematic Social-Ecological System (SES) with the help of stakeholder participation. SES sustainability problems 1) are highly complex, 2) may lack reliable data, 3) encompass conflicting interests and 4) may require contradictory management interventions. Our approach uses a structured participatory method combining the Driver-Pressure-State-Impact-Response (DPSIR) model together with Fuzzy Cognitive Mapping (FCM) to capture the complexity of the system and simplify its representation for simulation and policy option analysis. Using this novel mixed-method was useful in dealing with above-mentioned characteristics of the complex SES problems. The method was applied in a case study of water scarcity in Rafsanjan, Iran. FCMs were produced for 60 individual farmers and 40 individual researchers and policy makers. Our mixed-method analysis reveals similarities and differences of stakeholder knowledge and problem perception, and simulates the impacts of alternative policy options according to each group's perception. The final result of our case study indicates that farmers in Rafsanjan strongly believe in the impact of economic diversification on reducing water shortage, but they have a low level of trust in the ability of the government to regulate and control water usage, whereas the policy makers and researchers still believe in the role of government control and monitoring policies to deal with water scarcity in Rafsanjan.

Artificial Neural Network Approach for Assessing Mechanical Properties and Impact Performance of Natural-Fiber Composites Exposed to UV Radiation.

Amidst escalating environmental concerns, short natural-fiber thermoplastic (SNFT) biocomposites have emerged as sustainable materials for the eco-friendly production of mechanical components. However, their limited durability has prompted research into the experimental evaluation of the deterioration of the mechanical characteristics of SNFT biocomposites, particularly under the influence of ultraviolet rays. However, conducting tests to evaluate the mechanical properties can be time-consuming and expensive. In this study, an artificial neural network (ANN) model was employed to predict the mechanical properties (tensile strength) and the impact performance (resistance and absorbed energy) of polypropylene reinforced with 30 wt.% short flax or wood pine fibers (referred to as PP30-F or PP30-P, respectively). Eight parameters were collected from experimental studies. The ANN input parameters comprised nondestructive test results, including mass, hardness, roughness, and natural frequencies, while the output parameters were the tensile strength, the maximum impact load, and absorbed energy. The model was developed using the ANN toolbox in MATLAB. The linear coefficient of correlation and mean squared error were selected as the metrics for evaluating the performance function and accuracy of the ANN model. They calculate the relationship and the average squared difference between the predicted and actual values. The data analysis conducted by the models demonstrated exceptional predictive capability, achieving an accuracy rate exceeding 96%, which was deemed satisfactory. For both the PP30-F and PP30-P biocomposites, the ANN predictions deviated from the experimental data by 3, 5, and 6% with regard to the impact load, absorbed energy, and tensile strength, respectively.

Assessment of ecological civilization construction from the perspective of environment and health in China.

This study innovatively evaluated ecological civilization in China from the perspective of environment and health. A Composite Environmental Health Index (CEHI) was constructed based on the Driving force-Pressure-State-Impact-Response (DPSIR) and Coupling Coordination Degree (CCD) models. Results showed that significant and sustained improvements were observed in the ecological environment after ecological civilization, while economic development continued to progress at a steady pace. However, the advancement in population health (impact subsystem), exhibited comparatively modest progress, potentially linked to issues such as demographic aging and the enduring consequences of past exposure to environmental pollutants. At the provincial level, the regional development was uneven. The CEHI performance was highest in the eastern regions, followed by the central regions, with the western regions showing the least progress. Beijing, Guangdong, Jiangsu, Shanghai, and Zhejiang emerged as top performers with higher CEHI scores, which can be attributed to their favorable geographical positioning and the response subsystem. Conversely, northeastern regions (Heilongjiang, Jilin, and Liaoning) and northwestern regions (Shanxi, Gansu, Ningxia, and Qinghai) experienced limited advancements in post-ecological civilization implementation. For these underperforming regions, there is a pressing need to intensify efforts aimed at enhancing their response subsystems. In summary, China's pursuit of ecological civilization has yielded significant successes, potentially offering valuable insights for other nations striving for sustainable development. The ecological civilization model's integration of ecological environmental protection into economic, political, cultural, and social constructs may serve as a meaningful reference for the sustainable development of other countries.

Comparative Performance of Kevlar, Glass and Basalt Epoxy- and Elium-Based Composites under Static-, Low- and High-Velocity Loading Scenarios-Introduction to an Effective Recyclable and Eco-Friendly Composite.

In general, the majority of fiber-reinforced polymer composites (FRPs) used in structural applications comprise carbon, glass, and aramid fibers reinforced with epoxy resin, with the occasional utilization of polyester and vinyl ester resins. This study aims to assess the feasibility of utilizing recyclable and sustainable materials to create a resilient composite suitable for structural applications, particularly in scenarios involving low-velocity and high-velocity impact (LVI, HVI) loading. The paper presents a comparative analysis of the performance of E-glass, aramid, and eco-friendly basalt-reinforcing fabrics as reinforcement fibers in both thermosetting (epoxy) and recyclable thermoplastic (Elium©) resins. Given the limited research on Elium composites, especially those incorporating basalt-reinforcing fiber, there is an urgent need to expand the databases of fundamental mechanical properties for these diverse composites. This necessity is exacerbated by the scarcity of the literature regarding their performance under low- and high-velocity impact loadings. The results of this study will demonstrate the potential of basalt-reinforced Elium composite as an effective recyclable and environmentally friendly structural material system for both static and dynamic loading conditions.

[Socio-ecological risk analysis framework coupled with ecosystem services]. / 耦合生态系统服务的社会生态风险分析框架.

The strong coupling between society and ecosystem makes socio-ecological risks become the main object of risk management. As the link between ecological and social processes, ecosystem services (ESs) are the core variable in deconstructing the social-ecological risks and the crucial point in resolving the risks. We explored the concept and the internal formation mechanisms of socio-ecological risk combining ESs, and further put the cascade logic and evolution process of "real risk-risk perception-risk behavior". Based on driver-pressure-state-impact-response framework (DPSIR), we proposed a framework for analyzing socio-ecological risk, and expanded the content and methodology system of research and management practices related to socio-ecological risks. We proposed that socio-ecological risk research coupled with ESs should focus on: 1) exploring the transmission mechanism between ecosystem processes, ecosystem services, and human well-being; 2) exploring the response mechanism of social subject behavior and its impacts on ecosystem services and human well-being; 3) construction of a multi-scale assessment model for social ecological risks coupled with ESs. The socio-ecological risk analysis framework for coupled ecosystem services was based on the mutual feedback between human and nature to explore the logic of risk formation, evolution, and governance, which could provide ideas for clarifying the deep meaning of ecological problems and selecting pathways to resolve socio-ecological risks.

Development of a biofidelic computational model of human pelvis for predicting biomechanical responses and pelvic fractures.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: The pelvis, a crucial structure for human locomotion, is susceptible to injuries resulting in significant morbidity and disability. This study aims to introduce and validate a biofidelic computational pelvis model, enhancing our understanding of pelvis injury mechanisms under lateral loading conditions. METHODS: The Finite Element (FE) pelvic model, representing a mid-sized male, was developed with variable cortical thickness in pelvis bones. Material properties were determined through a synthesis of existing constitutive models, parametric studies, and multiple validations. Comprehensive validation included various tests, such as load-displacement assessments of sacroiliac joints, quasi-static and dynamic lateral compression on the acetabulum, dynamic side impacts on the acetabulum and iliac wing using defleshed pelvis, and lateral impacts by a rigid plate on the full body's pelvis region. RESULTS: Simulation results demonstrated a reasonable correlation between the pelvis model's overall response and cadaveric testing data. Predicted fracture patterns of the isolated pelvis exhibited fair agreement with experimental results. CONCLUSIONS: This study introduces a credible computational model, providing valuable biomechanical insights into the pelvis' response under diverse lateral loading conditions and fracture patterns. The work establishes a robust framework for developing and enhancing the biofidelity of pelvis FE models through a multi-level validation approach, stimulating further research in modeling, validation, and experimental studies related to pelvic injuries. The findings are expected to offer critical perspectives for predicting, preventing, and mitigating pelvic injuries from vehicular accidents, contributing to advancements in clinical research on medical treatments for pelvic fractures.

The energy dissipation property in bioinspired staggered composites with the viscoelastic matrix.

Many biological materials, such as bone and nacre, exhibit remarkable combinations of stiffness, strength, toughness, and impact resistance over millions of years of evolution. They provide prototypes for designing high-performance artificial composites. However, the dynamic properties of biological materials under impact loading are still not clear. In this study, we establish a dynamic shear-lag model to explore the dynamic response and the energy dissipation capacity of bioinspired staggered composites with a viscoelastic matrix under impact loading. The time domain solution of the dynamic shear-lag model is derived. Then, the model is verified by comparing it with the results from the finite element method. The results demonstrate that matrix viscosity plays a significant role in dissipating the impact energy and enhances the wave transformation between adjacent tablets. Furthermore, there exists an optimal viscosity coefficient to achieve an excellent balance between the rate and efficiency of energy dissipation. The model and the results can not only reveal the energy dissipation property of biological materials but also provide guidelines for the design and optimization of high-performance composites.

Impact Response of Monolithic and Laminated Polycarbonate Panels: An Experimental and Numerical Investigation.

This study aimed to investigate the impact resistance of monolithic and laminated polycarbonate plates for windshields in motorsport applications through a coupled experimental-numerical study. Both low- and high-velocity impact tests were performed by using a drop tower and a gas gun, respectively, considering a sharp-edged projectile impacting on flat panels. The response of the polycarbonate plates was evaluated in terms of the failure mode, perforation velocity threshold, and energy absorption mechanism. The experiments allowed for the assessment and the generalization of a 3D finite element modeling approach originally developed for supersonic application based on different state-of-the-art constitutive theories, including temperature-dependent and rate-dependent von Mises plasticity coupled with ductile damage, Mie-Grüneisen equation of state, and temperature variation due to energy dissipation under adiabatic assumptions. The approach was completed with a cohesive zone model for a laminate plate and studies were performed to highlight the relevancy of different aspects of material characterization. The tests and numerical analyses performed at different velocity ranges highlight the importance of viscoplastic behavior in a polycarbonate windshield. The numerical approach showed its capability to model the different failure modes for monolithic and laminated panels and capture the perforation velocity thresholds with appreciable accuracy, which were actually found to be quite similar for the two types of panels in the test conditions considered. A numerical investigation suggests that the development of delaminations could lead to the improved energy absorption of laminated polycarbonate. To further assess the numerical model, it was used to successfully predict the penetration threshold velocity of a polycarbonate windshield subjected to a gas gun impact test.

Nanocomposite Foams with Balanced Mechanical Properties and Energy Return from EVA and CNT for the Midsole of Sports Footwear Application.

Polymer foam that provides good support with high energy return (low energy loss) is desirable for sport footwear to improve running performance. Ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer (EVA) foam is commonly used in the midsole of running shoes. However, EVA foam exhibits low mechanical properties. Conventional mineral fillers are usually employed to improve EVA's mechanical performance, but the energy return is sacrificed. Here, we produced nanocomposite foams from EVA and multi-walled carbon nanotubes (CNT) using a chemical foaming process. Two kinds of CNT derived from the upcycling of commodity plastics were prepared through a catalytic chemical vapor deposition process and used as reinforcing and nucleating agents. Our results show that EVA foam incorporated with oxygenated CNT (O-CNT) demonstrated a more pronounced improvement of physical, mechanical, and dynamic impact response properties than acid-purified CNT (A-CNT). When CNT with weight percentage as low as 0.5 wt% was added to the nanocomposites, the physical properties, abrasion resistance, compressive strength, dynamic stiffness, and rebound performance of the EVA foams were improved significantly. Unlike the conventional EVA formulation filled with talc mineral fillers, the incorporation of CNT does not compromise the energy return of the EVA foam. From the long-cycle dynamic fatigue test, the CNT/EVA foam displays greater properties retention as compared to the talc/EVA foam. This work demonstrates a good balanced of mechanical-energy return properties of EVA nanocomposite foam with very low CNT content, which presents promising opportunities for lightweight-high rebound midsoles for running shoes.

Dynamic Assessment and Sustainability Strategies of Ecological Security in the Irtysh River Basin of Xinjiang, China.

The drylands of China are extensive, and they are home to more than one-third of the country's population. However, the watershed territories of the drylands, where the majority of human activities are concentrated have long experienced strained human-land relationships, culminating in ecological security concerns. Correspondingly, it is essential to carry out a comprehensive assessment of the ecological security of dryland watersheds and to identify the key factors influencing ecological security in order to formulate strategies that ensure the sustainability of drylands. Premised on the Driving-Pressure-State-Impact-Response (DPSIR) model, this study developed an ecological security index and applied it to the Irtysh River Basin of Xinjiang, China, from 2000 to 2020. The obstacle degree model was applied to reveal the obstacles in two dimensions: criterion level and indicator level. The findings suggested that the ecological security comprehensive index in the Irtysh River Basin has increased significantly from 2000 to 2020, irrespective of the fact that it decreased during the study period and then increased. The ecological security level changed from 'critically safe' in 2000 to 'general safety' in 2020, with the state subsystem and pressure subsystem becoming ecological security weaknesses. The primary factors influencing the ecological security of the study area were water consumption, the area of high-efficiency water-saving irrigation, the proportion of wetland area, vegetation coverage, and livestock population. The ecological security of different counties in the basin varies greatly, whereas the factors that influence ecological security showed both similarities and differences among the counties. In light of on the findings, we proposed that future strategies for ecological security enhancement should concentrate on enacting the policy of localizing spatial differentiation, optimizing industrial structure, strengthening scientific and technological support in the field of water conservation, bolstering the treatment capacity of environmental facilities, and implementing the Mountains-Rivers-Forests-Farmlands-Lakes-Grasslands System to support the sustainable development of dryland watersheds.

A Modified Bond-Associated Non-Ordinary State-Based Peridynamic Model for Impact Problems of Quasi-Brittle Materials.

In this work, we have developed a novel bond-associated non-ordinary state-based peridynamic (BA-NOSB PD) model for the numerical modeling and prediction of the impact response and fracture damage of quasi-brittle materials. First, the improved Johnson-Holmquist (JH2) constitutive relationship is implemented in the framework of BA-NOSB PD theory to describe the nonlinear material response, which also helps to eliminate the zero-energy mode. Afterwards, the volumetric strain in the equation of state is redefined by the introduction of the bond-associated deformation gradient, which can effectively improve the stability and accuracy of the material model. Then, a new general bond-breaking criterion is proposed in the BA-NOSB PD model, which is capable of covering various failure modes of quasi-brittle materials, including the tensile-shear failure that is not commonly considered in the literature. Subsequently, a practical bond-breaking strategy and its computational implementation are presented and discussed by means of energy convergence. Finally, the proposed model is verified by two benchmark numerical examples and demonstrated by the numerical simulation of edge-on impact and normal impact experiments on ceramics. The comparison between our results and references shows good capability and stability for impact problems of quasi-brittle materials. Numerical oscillations and unphysical deformation modes are effectively eliminated, showing strong robustness and bright prospects for relevant applications.

Establishing an index for monitoring occupational health and well-being of coal mines: Consideration of individual characteristics.

It is crucial to enhance employee occupational health and well-being (OHW) for the well-run and prosperity of the industry, but there is very limited knowledge on the assessment of miners' well-being that differs from person to person. Within this study, a new more direct method, as well as an instrument was constructed to measure the OHW through data analysis based on a representative sample of coal miners (N = 1037). Initially, the causal pathway of job stress and health consequences was characterized by the driving force-pressure-state-impact-response (DPSIR) model. The OHW index was represented by hazards, vulnerability, and severity through the data envelopment analysis and stochastic frontier approach method. The result was that the severity of the consequences of inadequate organizational response was the dominant factor. 75% of employees with poor OHW work in mining, and digging areas, including various drivers and support workers. This study provides an innovative and complete description of the interaction mechanisms among job stress, job burnout, and health outcomes. It demonstrates that a three-level assessment method, namely hazards-vulnerability-severity, can effectively identify hierarchical management points. We provide metrics, objective data, and evidence-based recommendations on stress and health management for miners.