Paraconsistent Annotated Logic Algorithms Applied in Management and Control of Communication Network Routes.

This paper presents a computational method based on non-classical logic dedicated to routing management and information stream control in communication networks. Paraconsistent logic (PL) was used to create an algorithmic structure whose main property is to accept contradiction. Moreover, a computational structure, the denominated paraconsistent data analyzer (PDAPAL2v), was constructed to perform routing management in communication networks. Direct comparisons of PDAPAL2v with a classical logic system that simulates routing conditions were made in the laboratory. In the conventional system, the paraconsistent algorithms were considered as binary logic gates, and in the tests, the same adjustment limits of PDAPAL2v were applied. Using a database with controlled insertion of noise, we obtained an efficacy of 97% in the detection of deteriorated packets with PDAPAL2v and 72% with the conventional simulation system. Functional tests were carried out, showing that PDAPAL2v is able to assess the conditions and degradation of links and perform the analysis and correlation of various inputs and variables, even if the signals have contradictory values. From practical tests in the laboratory, the proposed method represents a new way of managing and controlling communication network routes with good performance.

GROOLS: reactive graph reasoning for genome annotation through biological processes.

BACKGROUND: High quality functional annotation is essential for understanding the phenotypic consequences encoded in a genome. Despite improvements in bioinformatics methods, millions of sequences in databanks are not assigned reliable functions. The curation of protein functions in the context of biological processes is a way to evaluate and improve their annotation. RESULTS: We developed an expert system using paraconsistent logic, named GROOLS (Genomic Rule Object-Oriented Logic System), that evaluates the completeness and the consistency of predicted functions through biological processes like metabolic pathways. Using a generic and hierarchical representation of knowledge, biological processes are modeled in a graph from which observations (i.e. predictions and expectations) are propagated by rules. At the end of the reasoning, conclusions are assigned to biological process components and highlight uncertainties and inconsistencies. Results on 14 microbial organisms are presented. CONCLUSIONS: GROOLS software is designed to evaluate the overall accuracy of functional unit and pathway predictions according to organism experimental data like growth phenotypes. It assists biocurators in the functional annotation of proteins by focusing on missing or contradictory observations.

Paraconsistent artificial neural networks and Alzheimer disease: a preliminary study.

EEG visual analysis has proved useful in aiding AD diagnosis, being indicated in some clinical protocols. However, such analysis is subject to the inherent imprecision of equipment, patient movements, electric registers, and individual variability of physician visual analysis. OBJECTIVES: To employ the Paraconsistent Artificial Neural Network to ascertain how to determine the degree of certainty of probable dementia diagnosis. METHODS: Ten EEG records from patients with probable Alzheimer disease and ten controls were obtained during the awake state at rest. An EEG background between 8 Hz and 12 Hz was considered the normal pattern for patients, allowing a variance of 0.5 Hz. RESULTS: The PANN was capable of accurately recognizing waves belonging to Alpha band with favorable evidence of 0.30 and contrary evidence of 0.19, while for waves not belonging to the Alpha pattern, an average favorable evidence of 0.19 and contrary evidence of 0.32 was obtained, indicating that PANN was efficient in recognizing Alpha waves in 80% of the cases evaluated in this study. Artificial Neural Networks - ANN - are well suited to tackle problems such as prediction and pattern recognition. The aim of this work was to recognize predetermined EEG patterns by using a new class of ANN, namely the Paraconsistent Artificial Neural Network - PANN, which is capable of handling uncertain, inconsistent and paracomplete information. An architecture is presented to serve as an auxiliary method in diagnosing Alzheimer disease. CONCLUSIONS: We believe the results show PANN to be a promising tool to handle EEG analysis, bearing in mind two considerations: the growing interest of experts in visual analysis of EEG, and the ability of PANN to deal directly with imprecise, inconsistent, and paracomplete data, thereby providing a valuable quantitative analysis.

A análise visual de EEG tem se mostrado útil na ajuda de diagnóstico de DA, sendo indicado em alguns protocolos clínicos. Porém, tal análise está sujeita à imprecisão inerente de equipamentos, movimentos do paciente, registros elétricos e variação individual da análise visual do médico. OBJETIVOS: Utilizar a Rede Neural Artificial Paraconsistente para saber como determinar um grau de certeza no diagnóstico da doença de Alzheimer provável. MÉTODOS: Dez pacientes com doença de Alzheimer provável e 10 controles foram submetidos ao registro de exames de EEG durante a vigília em repouso. Considerou-se como padrão normal de um paciente, a atividade de base entre 8,0 Hz a 12,0 Hz, permitindo uma variação de 0.5 Hz. RESULTADOS: A RNAP foi capaz de reconhecer ondas que pertencem à banda Alfa como banda Alfa com evidência favorável de 0.30 e evidência contrária de 0.19, enquanto ondas não pertencentes ao padrão Alfa, foi obtido uma evidência favorável média de 0.19 e evidência contrária de 0.32, mostrando que a RNAP foi eficiente para reconhecer ondas Alfa, o que leva a uma concordância com o diagnóstico clínico de 80%. CONCLUSÕES: RNAP pode ser ferramenta promissora para manipular análise de EEG, tendo em mente ambas considerações: o interesse crescente de especialistas em análise visual de EEG e a capacidade da RNAP tratar diretamente dados imprecisos, inconsistentes e paracompletos, fornecendo uma interessante análise quantitativa.

Los caprichos de Goya: sueños y razones en una revisión crítica de los aportes del Dr. Juan Pablo Jiménez a la clínica e investigación en Psicoanálisis / The goya whims: dreams and reasons in a critical review of the contributions of dr. Juan pablo jimenez to the clinic and researchin psychoanalysis

Se realiza una exhaustiva revisión crítica de los trabajos publicados por el Dr Juan Pablo Jiménez hasta el año 2012. Se destaca de su amplia obra y de sus aportes al psicoanálisis, sus trabajos en los ámbitos de la investigación, la epistemología y la clínica.El autor del artículo, propone también algunas líneas de pensamiento que pretenden aportar otros vértices de comprensión a los temas de la metodología de la investigación desarrollados por el Dr. Jiménez. En esta línea desarrolla postulados de la Lógica Paraconsistente.

An exhaustive critical review of Dr. Juan Pablo Jiménez's works published up to the year 2012 is presented. His writings on research, epistemology and clinical practice are highlighted among his contributions to psychoanalysis. Additionally, the author proposes a series of lines of thought that aim to provide other perspectives on the subject of research methodology as developed by Dr. Jiménez. These are perspectives coming from the paraconsistent logic.