[Evaluation of the front-of-package warning labels of prepackaged food in China based on focus group discussion].

OBJECTIVE: To understand the public's perceptions and preferences on the designed front-of-package warning labels of prepackaged food, and to evaluate and identify the effective warning label. METHODS: A total of 116 participants were recruited from six provinces(autonomous regions/municipalities) in China. Focus group discussions were conducted with four types of warning labels on prepackaged food. And the score of attitude on different warning labels were compared. RESULTS: There was no difference in the total score of the four warning labels. Total score of black shield label was higher in citizen participants and college education level participants than in their respective counterparts(P<0.05). Parents or primary caregiver of children under 16 years old gave higher scores to each labels than their respective counterparts(P<0.05). The black shield label was most likely to attract the attention of the respondents, most likely to influence the decision on eating and drinking, and most likely to have an unhealthy warning effect. The yellow hexagonal label was least likely to attract the attention of the respondents, least likely to affect the decision to eat and drink food, and least likely to have an unhealthy warning effect. CONCLUSION: Black shield warning label is the most effective.

Reformulation of sugar contents in Canadian prepackaged foods and beverages between 2013 and 2017 and resultant changes in nutritional composition of products with sugar reductions.

OBJECTIVE: To quantify total sugar reformulation in Canadian prepackaged foods and beverages between 2013 and 2017 and identify changes in the nutritional composition of the foods and beverages reformulated to be lower in total sugar. DESIGN: Longitudinal examination of foods and beverages present in both 2013 and 2017 collections of the University of Toronto's Food Label Information Program database (n 6628 matched products). The proportion of products with changes in sugar levels was determined. Wilcoxon signed-rank test was used to examine changes in sugar levels overall for products lower or higher in sugar and changes in nutrient composition for products lower in sugar. SETTING: Largest grocery retailers by market share in Canada. PARTICIPANTS: Canadian prepackaged foods and beverages. RESULTS: The majority (76·6 %) of products had no change in total sugar content, 12·4 % were reformulated to be lower in sugar and 11·0 % were higher in sugar. A median sugar reduction of 19·0 % (1·6 g) was seen among products lower in sugar which was offset by a median 18·0 % (1·5 g) increase among products higher in sugar. Overall, median levels of energies and other nutrients stayed the same or decreased among products reformulated to be lower in sugar, the exception was for starch, which increased. CONCLUSIONS: Limited progress was made to reformulate foods and beverages to be lower in total sugar between 2013 and 2017. Results from this study identify areas in the food supply where attention may be needed to avoid unintended consequences of sugar-focused reformulation in terms of overall nutritional composition.

Situación basal de la información nutricional declarada en las etiquetas de los alimentos comercializados en Costa Rica

El reglamento de etiquetado nutricional para alimentos preenvasados de Costa Rica basado en la normativa del Codex Alimentarius entró en vigencia en el 2002. En este mismo año, se realizó una investigación con el propósito de describir la situación basal del etiquetado nutricional en estos alimentos. En un supermercado representativo del área metropolitana de Costa Rica se recolectó la información declarada en las etiquetas de todos los alimentos preenvasados, excepto de las bebidas alcohólicas. Se analizaron seis variables mediante el programa SPSS. Se revisaron 2.910 etiquetas de alimentos clasificados en 19 categorías. El 58,4% (n=1698) incluyó información nutricional, dato que varió según país de origen y categoría del alimento. De las etiquetas con información nutricional, 68,1% declararon el contenido nutricional, 1,2% descriptores nutricionales y 27,4% ambos. En el 95% del etiquetado nutricional se declaró el contenido de energía y macronutrientes. Se identificaron al menos 100 descriptores nutricionales y saludables diferentes, con mayor frecuencia se empleó el de contenido (74,7%), seguido por el de adición (16,9%). Los componentes referidos con mayor frecuencia fueron vitaminas y minerales, vitaminas, carbohidratos, grasa total, colesterol y energía; y los grupos de alimentos que los declararon fueron: cereales y derivados, alimentos infantiles, leches, bebidas, alimentos para regímenes especiales y sustitutos. En una misma etiqueta fueron declarados entre uno y cinco descriptores. En una década en Costa Rica se triplicó la proporción de alimentos preenvasados con etiquetado nutricional, por lo se concluye que la tendencia de su declaración es ascendente, sostenida y representa una herramienta accesible para la promoción de la salud en la población, siempre y cuando la información sea confiable y segura.

The nutritional labeling regulations for prepackaged foods based on the Codex Alimentarius legislation enacted in 2002 in Costa Rica. In the same year, a research was conducted in order to describe the baseline of nutritional labeling. The declared information on the labels of all prepackaged foods was collected, except for alcoholic beverages. Six variables were analyzed using SPSS. 2,910 labels of foods were reviewed and classified in 19 food categories. 58.4% (n= 1698) included nutritional information, proportion that varied by country of origin and food category. Of the labels that included nutritional information, 68.1% had nutritional panel, 1.2% nutrient claims and 27.4%, both. 95% of the nutritional components declared on the labels included energy and macronutrients data. At least 100 different nutritional and health claims were identified. Most frequently used claims were content (74.7%), followed by addition (16.9%). The components most frequently mentioned were vitamins and minerals, vitamins (alone), carbohydrates, total fat, cholesterol and energy. Food groups who reported these descriptors were: cereals and by products, baby foods, milks, beverages, foods for special dietary uses and substitutes. One to five descriptors were used in a label. In a decade the proportion of prepackaged foods with nutritional labeling tripled in the metropolitan area of Costa Rica. It is concluded that the tendency of nutrition information declaration is up, sustained and represents an accessible tool for health promotion, if the information provided is reliable and secure.