Neutral posture education during cough can reduce urine leakage in women with cough-related stress urinary incontinence.

BACKGROUND: Current literature highlights the difficulty in identifying an optimal educational technique for maintaining continence during cough. OBJECTIVE: To characterize the effects of an educational intervention focusing on neutral posture during cough in women with cough-induced urinary incontinence (UI). METHODS: This interventional study design included women with cough-induced UI. We recorded PFMs surface electromyographic (sEMG) peak activity, and assessed symptoms and quality of life (QoL) 6 weeks after the intervention. The effect of the experimental situation was estimated using a linear mixed model, sEMG measurements during coughing were indexed to each situation and adjusted to the resting value at, and a moderation analysis was used. RESULTS/FINDINGS: Eighteen participants were included. The measurement situations (control versus experimental) did not have a statistically significant impact on sEMG peak activity during coughing: mean effect [95% CI] 3.42 [-1.28; 7.66]. Six weeks post-intervention, participants reported statistically significant decrease in urinary symptoms (P=0.0246) and significant improvement in QoL (P=0.00776). This was also particularly marked on the dimension related to effort activities (P=0.00162). CONCLUSION: This study suggests that a brief educational intervention focusing on neutral posture during cough, without voluntary pre-contraction of the PFMs, has no clinically significant influence on sEMG peak activity of the PFMs in women with cough-induced UI. However, this intervention can lead to a significant improvement in urinary symptoms and QoL at 6 weeks. These improvements seem to be independent of electromyographic PFMs peak activity recorded during cough. As such, our preliminary results pave the way for future research. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: NP4.

[Is pressure transmission quality during cystometry dependent on the type of effort?] / La qualité de transmission des pressions pendant la cystomanométrie est-elle dépendante du type d'effort ?

INTRODUCTION: The International Continence Society (ICS) recommends a control of the good pressure transmission by a coughing effort during cystometry. While poor transmission is sometimes observed in routine practice, other maneuvers can also be proposed. The main objective of this study was to determine if there is a better maneuver to evaluate the pressure transmission ratio between the abdominal cavity and the bladder. METHODS: We performed a prospective, consecutive, single-center study in a tertiary neuro-urology department in 31 subjects. During a cystometry, each patient was asked to perform at 0ml and 100ml of bladder filling, a cough effort, an abdominal push and a Valsalva maneuver controlled by a manometer. The value of the bladder pressure to abdominal pressure ratio was collected manually. The average variations were compared between each maneuver for the same volume of replenishment and between the 2 volumes of replenishment studied. RESULTS: At 0ml of filling, the difference in pressure variation between the Pves and the Pabd is significantly higher during the cough maneuver compared to the Valsalva (P=0.015), which is not found at 100ml of filling. CONCLUSION: During bladder filling, the pressure transmission ratios during the 3 maneuvers are equivalent. Coughing or abdominal thrusting, which are easier to perform than the Valsalva maneuver, should be recommended to check the quality of the recording during cystomanometry.

[Not Available]. / Quel rôle pour la pholcodine dans le traitement de la toux, en 2013 ?

Pholcodine is an opioid that has been widely used worldwide since 1950 for the treatment of non-productive cough in children and adults. The results of early preclinical studies but also those of recent clinical trials have shown the antitussive efficacy of pholcodine to be superior to that of codeine, of longer duration, and with an equivalent or safer toxicity profile. Also, there is no risk of addiction. Concern had been raised over a possible cross-sensitisation with neuromuscular blocking agents. While a recent assessment of the available data by the European Medicines Agency (EMA) has confirmed the favourable risk-benefit ratio of pholcodine, further studies are needed to clear this point.

[Aberrant course of the aneurysmal internal carotid artery revealed by dysphonia and chronic cough : About a case]. / Trajet aberrant d'une artère carotide interne anévrismale révélé par une dysphonie et une toux chronique : à propos d'un cas.

Aberrant internal carotid artery is a rare birth defect. It occurs when the artery takes an abnormal course, the discovery of which is fortuitous but in the presence of dysphonia or chronic cough; this anomaly remains a diagnosis of exclusion. Cervicothoracic CT scan with injection of contrast product confirms the diagnosis. We report the case of a 64-year-old patient who presented with an aberrant course of an aneurysmal internal carotid artery revealed by dysphonia and chronic cough.

[Guidelines for the management of chronic cough in adults]. / Recommandations de prise en charge de la toux chronique de l'adulte.

Patients with chronic cough experience major alteration in their quality of life. Given its numerous etiologies and treatments, this disease is a complex entity. To help clinicians involved in patient management of patients, guidelines have been issued by a group of French experts. They address definitions of chronic cough and initial management of patients with this pathology. We present herein the second-line tests that might be considered in patients whose coughing has persisted, notwithstanding initial management. The experts have also put forward a definition of unexplained or refractory chronic cough (URCC), the objective being to more precisely identify those patients whose cough persists despite optimal management. Lastly, these guidelines indicate the pharmacological and non-pharmacological interventions of use in URCC. Amitriptyline, pregabalin, gabapentin or morphine combined with speech and/or physical therapy are mainstays in treatment strategies. Other treatment options, such as P2X3 antagonists, are being developed and have generated high hopes among physicians and patients alike.

[Diaphragmatic rupture and right ipsilateral intercostal hernia in chronic cough]. / Rupture diaphragmatique et hernie intercostale droites homolatérales sur toux aiguë.

INTRODUCTION: We are reporting the case of a 64-year-old patient with chronic cough who has been diagnosed with an intercostal hernia with pleural and hepatic content associated with a diaphragmatic hernia of non-traumatic origin. CASE REPORT: The patient was treated for an acutely febrile cough with signs of respiratory distress. Thoracic scan showed an intercostal hernia containing an encysted hematoma and a right anterior diaphragmatic hernia with epiploic content. The COVID PCR was negative. This is one of the rare reported cases of intercostal hernia associated with a homolateral diaphragmatic rupture. Visceral and thoracic surgery enabled treatment of the two hernial orifices by raphy as well as omentectomy of the necrotic omentum ascending to the right pulmonary hilum. CONCLUSION: These two parietal complications of chronic cough should be considered in case of intercostal flap or acute respiratory distress. Surgery must then be carried out as a matter of urgency to reduce the content of the hernias and treat the musculoaponeurotic dehiscent orifices.

[Osteochondroplastic tracheobronchopathy: About three cases]. / Trachéobronchopathie ostéochondroplastique : à propos de 3 cas.

INTRODUCTION: Osteochondroplastic tracheobronchopathy (OCTB) is a rare disorder of unknown cause that affects the tracheobronchial tree. It is characterized by multiple cartilaginous formations or bone nodules projecting into the tracheal or proximal bronchial lumen. It is usually asymptomatic because of the slow progression of the nodules. However, chronic cough, recurrent hemoptysis or recurrent respiratory infections have been reported. OBSERVATIONS: We describe the cases of three patients with symptomatic OCTB: two men and one woman consulting for bronchial infections or pneumonia with sputum difficulties (2 cases) or simply for chronic cough (1 case). In all three cases, the diagnosis was suspected because of irregularities of the tracheal or bronchial wall with calcification seen on imaging and confirmed at bronchoscopy with biopsy specimens. No specific therapy was initiated in these patients except for the treatment of associated complications or comorbidities. CONCLUSION: OCTB is a benign pathology which can lead to bronchial symptoms ranging from mild cough to severe airway obstruction due to tracheobronchial stenosis. A key to diagnosis, limiting non-essential examinations and biopsies, is to consider OCTB based on CT scan or bronchoscopy based on irregularities of the tracheal or bronchial wall with calcification.

Over-the-Counter Medicines and Diabetes Care.

OBJECTIVES: People with diabetes turn to over-the-counter (OTC) medicines for many ailments. The focus of this brief review is the impact common OTC medicines might have on this group of patients. METHODS: Three types of OTC medicines were selected as most deserving of attention: 3 herbal agents, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and cough/cold products. Existing literature was used to determine precautions that might be in order. RESULTS: Herbal/natural agents with the potential to impact blood sugar have been identified in various reports. In discussing 3, glucosamine and cinnamon (at doses recommended on commercial products) should have minimal impact on diabetic management, whereas St. John's wort is a concern involving potential drug interactions. For colds, of about 11 active ingredients, only decongestants (primarily oral) need be considered for their possible effects on blood sugar. Finally, NSAIDs (even at OTC doses) must be used with caution, given their cardiovascular, renal and gastrointestinal risks. Care guidelines do encourage patients to take ownership of their condition. Yet the ability to self-medicate safely is not a certainty. In spite of easy access and a reasonable level of safety, OTC medicines still can negatively impact a user. NSAIDs available without prescription continue to cause concern. CONCLUSIONS: Before the use of any medicine, a person must ensure it will be safe. A health-care provider can be asked for assistance, but that option may not always be employed. Package information is there to provide critical information in lieu of that, something the self-medicating patient will, it is hoped, embrace.

[Gastro-esophageal reflux and chronic respiratory diseases]. / Reflux gastro-œsophagien et pathologies respiratoires chroniques.

Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) frequently occurs in association with chronic respiratory diseases although the casual link is not always clear. Several pathophysiological and experimental factors are considered to support a role for GERD in respiratory disease. Conversely, respiratory diseases and bronchodilator treatment can themselves exacerbate GERD. When cough or severe asthma is being investigated, GERD does not need to be systematically looked for and a therapeutic test with proton pump inhibitors is not always recommended. pH impedance monitoring is now the reference diagnostic tool to detect non acid reflux, a form of reflux for which proton pump inhibitor treatment is ineffective. Recent data have shown a potential role of GERD in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis and bronchiolitis obliterans following lung transplantation, leading to discussions about the place of surgery in this context. However, studies using pH impedance monitoring are still needed to better understand and manage the association between GERD and chronic respiratory diseases.

[A rare cause of pulmonary opacities: Lung localization of Waldenström's macroglobulinemia]. / Une cause rare d'opacités alvéolaires : maladie de Waldenström à localisation pulmonaire.

INTRODUCTION: Pulmonary localized forms of Waldenström's macroglobulinemia are rare. CASE REPORT: We report the observation of a 71-year-old woman with chronic cough and persisting alveolar opacities after several courses of antibiotics. Physical examination was unremarkable. Protein electrophoresis identified a monoclonal IgM in the serum. The lymphocyte immunophenotyping from the bronchoalveolar lavage was consistent with a B-cell lymphoma and Waldenström's macroglobulinemia was confirmed by the bone marrow biopsy. Chemotherapy with a combination of rituximab, fludarabine and cyclophosphamide improved the patient's symptoms and caused the pulmonary opacities to resolve. We discuss the various clinical and radiological pulmonary manifestations of this slowly progressive hematological condition. CONCLUSION: Pulmonary manifestations of Waldenström's macroglobulinemia result in various clinical and radiological patterns. A serum protein electrophoresis should be performed in cases of pleuropulmonary opacities persisting despite antibiotics.

[Managing difficult situations during radiotherapy treatments: cough, dyspnea and hemoptysis]. / Gestion des situations difficiles lors de l'irradiation : toux, dyspnée et hémoptysie.

Some patients may experience breathing problems, such as cough, dyspnea or hemoptysis that can affect the quality and precision of treatments during radiotherapy. The following presentation details clinical and technical strategies of managing such situations.

Acute cough illness in general practice - predictive value of clinical judgement and accuracy of requesting chest x-rays.

The aim of the study was to evaluate the accuracy of GPs' initial clinical judgement regarding presence or absence of pneumonia and to assess GPs' strategy for requesting chest X-rays in patients presenting with acute cough. GPs were asked to rate their suspicion of pneumonia based on clinical assessment alone and to protocol their decision to perform chest X-rays in 212 consecutive patients. These judgements were compared to the final diagnosis as determined by chest X-ray or uneventful recovery (four weeks). After history taking and physical examination, GPs are highly accurate in judging which patients presenting with acute cough may have pneumonia (PPV 80% [95% CI 0,66-0,89]) or not (NPV 100% [95% CI 0,97-1,0]), and in which patients chest X-rays are required or not (spearman's rho 0,54, p<0,0001).

Le but de l'étude était de mesurer la qualité de jugement clinique du médecin de famille en ce qui concerne la présence ou l'absence d'une pneumonie et d'évaluer la stratégie d'ordonner une radiographie du thorax chez des patients présentant une toux aiguë. Les médecins ont été invités à évaluer leur suspicion de pneumonie basée sur l'évaluation clinique et préciser leur décision d'ordonner une radiographie chez 212 patients consécutifs. Après l'anamnèse et l'examen clinique, les médecins de famille sont très méticuleux à juger quels patients présentant une toux aiguë ont une pneumonie (PPV 80% [IC 95% 0,66­0,89]) ou pas (NPV 100% [IC 95% 0,97­1,0]), et chez quels patients les radiographies du thorax sont nécessaires ou pas (spearman rho 0,54, p<0,0001).