Correlates of Intimate Partner Violence, Including Psychological Partner Violence, in a Multisite U.S. Cohort of People in HIV Care.

We examined past-year intimate partner violence (IPV), including psychological violence without physical/sexual violence, and health outcomes among people with HIV (PWH) in care in a multi-site U.S. cohort. Between 2016 and 2022, PWH reported 12-month psychological, physical, and sexual IPV in a routine assessment. We used linear and logistic regression models adjusted for age, race/ethnicity, and site to examine relationships with health outcomes. Among 9748 PWH (median age 50 years, 81% cisgender male/16% cisgender female/1% transgender female; 44% non-Hispanic white/36% non-Hispanic Black/15% Hispanic), 9.3% (n = 905) reported any IPV in the past 12 months; half reported psychological IPV without physical/sexual IPV (n = 453). PWH reporting any type of IPV were on average younger than those who did not experience IPV. In adjusted models, any IPV was associated with increased likelihood of unstable housing, HIV viral load detection (HIV viral load ≥ 75 copies/mL), moderate-to-severe depressive symptoms, anxiety with panic symptoms, substance use (methamphetamines, cocaine/crack, illicit opioids, marijuana, heavy episodic/hazardous drinking), and concern about exposure to sexually transmitted infection. PWH reporting any IPV in the past 12 months had 4.2% lower adherence to antiretroviral therapy, 2.4 more HIV-related symptoms, a 1.9 point higher HIV stigma score, and a 9.5% lower quality of life score than those without IPV. We found similar associations among PWH reporting only psychological IPV, without physical/sexual IPV. IPV was common among PWH. Half reporting IPV reported only psychological IPV and had similarly poor outcomes as those reporting physical/sexual IPV, demonstrating the need to assess psychological as well as physical and sexual IPV.

RESUMEN: Examinamos la violencia de la pareja íntima (intimate partner violence, IPV) del año anterior, incluida la violencia psicológica sin violencia física y sexual, así como los resultados sanitarios entre las personas con VIH (people with HIV, PWH) que reciben atención en una cohorte multicéntrica de los Estados Unidos. Entre 2016 y 2022, las PWH informaron situaciones de IPV psicológica, física y sexual durante los 12 meses en una evaluación de rutina. Se utilizaron modelos de regresión lineal y logística ajustados por edad, raza/etnia y centro para examinar las relaciones con los resultados sanitarios. Entre 9748 PWH (mediana de edad de 50 años, 81% de hombres cisgénero/16% de mujeres cisgénero/1% de mujeres transgénero; 44% de blancos no hispanos/36% de negros no hispanos/15% de hispanos), el 9,3% (n = 905) informaron haber sufrido algún tipo de IPV en los últimos 12 meses; la mitad informó situaciones de IPV psicológica sin IPV física y sexual (n = 453). Las PWH que informaron de cualquier tipo de IPV fueron, en promedio, más jóvenes que las que no sufrieron IPV. En los modelos ajustados, cualquier IPV se asoció con una mayor probabilidad de vivienda inestable, detección de carga viral del VIH (carga viral del VIH ≥ 75 copias/ml), síntomas depresivos de moderados a graves, ansiedad con síntomas de pánico, consumo de sustancias (metanfetaminas, cocaína/crack, opioides ilícitos, marihuana, consumo excesivo episódico/peligroso de alcohol) y preocupación por la exposición a infecciones de transmisión sexual. Las PWH que informaron alguna situación de IPV en los últimos 12 meses tuvieron un 4,2% menos de cumplimiento de la terapia antirretrovírica, un 2,4% más de síntomas relacionados con el VIH, una puntuación de estigma del VIH 1,9 puntos más alta y una puntuación de calidad de vida un 9,5% más baja que las que no sufrieron IPV. Se encontraron asociaciones similares entre las PWH que informaron solo IPV psicológica, sin IPV física y sexual. La IPV fue común entre las PWH. La mitad de las personas que informaron IPV solo informaron IPV psicológica y tuvieron resultados igualmente deficientes que los que informaron IPV física y sexual, lo que demuestra la necesidad de evaluar la IPV psicológica, al igual que la IPV física y sexual.

Microsporum canis pseudomycetoma and disseminated Mycobacterium genavense infection in an HIV/AIDS patient, an unusual combination.

Pseudomycetomas are rare fungal subcutaneous infections caused by dermatophytes, which are mainly observed in immunocompromised patients. Mycobacterium genavense is considered an opportunistic pathogen in people living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA), clinically resembling the presentation of Mycobacterium avium complex (MAC). Here, we describe the case of a 26-year-old PLWHA with a 3-month history of a 4cm tumoral, duroelastic and painful lesion located on the back. Histopathology of the tumoral lesion revealed chronic granulomatous inflammation with grains composed of PAS-positive and Grocott-positive septate hyphae, as well as acid-fast bacilli (AFB). Culture on Sabouraud and lactrimel agar developed colonies that were later identified as Microsporum canis. In successive samples, the AFB were identified as M. genavense by restriction analysis of PCR products. Immunocompromised PLWHA not only suffer increased susceptibility to diseases due to unusual pathogens but also atypical clinical presentation of frequently encountered pathogens.

Ten Years of HIV Diagnosis in a Dermatology and Venereology Department: A Retrospective Study on Demographic, Clinical, and Laboratory Characteristics. / [Artículo traducido] Diez años de diagnóstico de VIH en un Departamento de Dermatología y Venereología: un estudio retrospectivo sobre características demográficas, clínicas y de laboratorio.

Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) transmission remains an important health issue, with a high burden that is felt across the world. This work aims to analyze the demographic, clinical, and laboratory characteristics of newly diagnosed patients with HIV in a Department of Dermatology and Venereology. A retrospective observational study was conducted from all health records of newly diagnosed patients with HIV from a Dermatology unit from January 2011 to December 2020. A total of 134 patients with new HIV diagnoses were included in the analysis. Concurrent dermatological or venereal diseases were diagnosed in 91.0% of the patients (n=122), being the most common conditions syphilis (22.4%, n=30) and urethritis (14.9%, n=20). Out of all the patients with diagnoses of concurrent sexually transmitted infection (STI) (41.0%, n=55), syphilis was reported in 81.8% of the patients (n=45), gonorrhea in 9.1% (n=5), and chlamydia in 5.5% (n=3). We present a large patient database on the clinical conditions associated with newly diagnosed HIV, concluding that infectious diseases were the most common conditions associated with newly diagnosed HIV.

Ten Years of HIV Diagnosis in a Dermatology and Venereology Department: A Retrospective Study on Demographic, Clinical, and Laboratory Characteristics.

Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) transmission remains an important health issue, with a high burden that is felt across the world. This work aims to analyze the demographic, clinical, and laboratory characteristics of newly diagnosed patients with HIV in a Department of Dermatology and Venereology. A retrospective observational study was conducted from all health records of newly diagnosed patients with HIV from a Dermatology unit from January 2011 to December 2020. A total of 134 patients with new HIV diagnoses were included in the analysis. Concurrent dermatological or venereal diseases were diagnosed in 91.0% of the patients (n=122), being the most common conditions syphilis (22.4%, n=30) and urethritis (14.9%, n=20). Out of all the patients with diagnoses of concurrent sexually transmitted infection (STI) (41.0%, n=55), syphilis was reported in 81.8% of the patients (n=45), gonorrhea in 9.1% (n=5), and chlamydia in 5.5% (n=3). We present a large patient database on the clinical conditions associated with newly diagnosed HIV, concluding that infectious diseases were the most common conditions associated with newly diagnosed HIV.

Adherence to antiretroviral therapy and factors associated with non-adherence: a cohort study at two referral services in Brazil.

This cohort study evaluated non-adherence to antiretrovirals at referral services in Pernambuco, Brazil, 2016/2017, through self-report. A generalized mixed-effects model for binary outcomewas used. We assessed 542 participants with an adherence rate of 85.50%. A greater chance of non-adherence was associated with:a low/moderate level of nicotine dependence (OR = 2.79, p = 0.00, IC = 1.44-5.41); ≥7 tablets/day (OR = 6.14, p = 0.00, IC = 3.42-11.02); LPV/r (OR = 1.49, p = 0.6, IC = 0.98-2.26), ddI (OR = 3.34, p = 0.03, IC = 1.12-9.97), ABC (OR = 4.02, p = 0.05, IC = 1.01-16.03), RAL (OR = 2.49, p = 0.01, IC = 1.32-4.70) and DTG (OR = 4.65, p = 0.01, IC = 1.42-15.16); 6-10 year seropositive diagnosis (OR = 2.17, p = 0.01, IC = 1.20-3.92) and symptoms of depression (OR = 1.55, p = 0.03, IC = 1.03-2.33). Protective factors for non-adherence weres: ≥50 years (OR = 0.67, p = 0.06, IC = 0.45-1.01), secondary/higher education (OR = 0.48, p = 0.00, IC = 0.34-0.70), embarrassment at health service (OR = 0.49, p = 0.04, IC = 0.24-0.97), good understanding of antiretrovirals (OR = 0.62, p = 0.03, IC = 0.40-0.96), adverse event (OR = 0.74, p = 0,06, IC = 0.54-1.01), use of TDF (OR = 0.62, p = 0.01, IC = 0.43-0.90), NVP (OR = 0.41, p = 0.05, IC = 0.71-1.00) and EFZ (OR = 0.48, p = 0.01, IC = 0.29-0.80) and good knowledge of HIV/AIDS/ART. (OR = 0.67, p = 0.07, IC = 0.43-1.04). Variables with stronger association were those linked to ART. Systematic use of self-report adherence is recommended for priority groups.

[Drug Consumption Rooms : Opinion and willingness among people who inject drugs in Marseille, France]. / Salles de consommation à moindre risque : opinion et volonté d'utilisation des personnes injectrices de substances psychoactives à Marseille, France.

BACKGROUND: In France, people who inject drugs (PWID) are still one of the most at risk population for contracting hepatitis C virus (HCV). Drug consumption rooms (DCR) have shown their effectiveness on HCV risk behaviors abroad and in France, where they have been recently evaluated with the COSINUS study. In France, two DCRs opened in 2016, one in Paris and another in Strasbourg. The objective of this sub-analysis was to explore the willingness to use a DCR in PWID living in Marseille, where no DCR is opened. METHODS: The COSINUS study is a prospective multicenter cohort that included 665 PWID recruited in Bordeaux, Marseille, Paris and Strasbourg between 2016 and 2019. Investigators administered questionnaires face-to-face at regular intervals at baseline, 3 months, 6 months and 12 months. In Marseille, 199 PWID were recruited. A multivariable logistic regression model was performed to assess factors associated with willingness to use DCR among this population. RESULTS: Among 545 observations corresponding to 195 distinct participants selected for analyses, 57% declared they were willing to attend a DCR. The main reason given was "to consume more cleanly". Receiving allowances (OR = 2.38; 95% confidence interval (CI) (95% CI) = 1.17-4.81), not having health insurance (OR = 3.61; 95% CI = 1.49-8.75), injecting daily (OR = 1.97; 95% CI = 1.05-3.70) and in a public space (OR = 2.66; 95% CI = 1.29-5.47) were all positively associated with willingness to use a DCR. CONCLUSIONS: DCR are devices that target PWID exposed to high sanitary or social risks, i.e. people living in precarious conditions, who have to inject in public spaces, in deleterious sanitary environments and with rapid gestures in order not to be seen. These analyzes highlight that the people who most want to attend a DCR are aware of the harms associated with their practices and show a desire to seek protection from street-based drug scenes.

Mental health troubles among Cameroonian adolescents perinatally infected with Human Immunodeficiency Virus.

INTRODUCTION: Adolescents living with HIV are more likely to experience mental health challenges compared to their peers who do not have HIV. However, there is a lack of data regarding the mental health of adolescents living with HIV in Cameroon. Understanding risk factors and protective factors that influence mental health amongst adolescents is critical for effective programming. The purpose of this study was to estimate the prevalence and the factors associated with depression in adolescents infected with HIV and receiving ART in a Cameroonian referral hospital. METHODS: This was a cross-sectional study which enrolled adolescents perinatally infected with HIV, aged 10-19 years, on antiretroviral treatment and cared for at "Centre Mère et Enfant de la Fondation Chantal Biya", Yaounde, Cameroon. Structured questionnaires, including validated French versions of the Coopersmith Child Depression Inventory (CDI), the Multidimensional Anxiety Scale for Children (MASC) and the Coopersmith Self Esteem Inventory (SEI), were administered to the study participants by the healthcare providers. RESULTS: All in all, 302 adolescents were recruited in the study at a median age of 15.2 years (interquartile range : 12.0 - 17.5), including 159 (52.7 %) girls. Both parents had died for 57 (18.9 %) adolescents ; only the father was alive for 64 (21.2 %) ; only the mother was alive for 48 (15.9 %), both parents were alive for 133 (44.0 %). This study found prevalence of 26.5 % for severe depression, 36.4 % for suicidal ideation, 29.1 % for high/very high anxiety, and 20.5 % for low self-esteem. No factor was found significantly associated with severe depression but there was a trend towards decreased risk of severe depression among adolescents whose mother was alive [OR= 0.4 (0.1-1.0), p = 0.084]. CONCLUSION: This study found that elevated depression, anxiety, and low self-esteem symptoms were prevalent among Cameroonian adolescents perinatally infected with HIV. Services and systems should go beyond clinical management of HIV and address the psychosocial and mental health of adolescents. The indicators of mental health among adolescents infected with HIV should be included in HIV program reporting.

The Cost of a Nutritious Diet for Households Including People Living with HIV/AIDS in Nova Scotia: Findings and Lessons Learned by FoodNOW 2020 to 2022.

Purpose: FoodNOW (Food to eNhance Our Wellness) engaged in assessment of simulated households that include a person living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA) in Nova Scotia to determine if a basic nutritious diet is affordable.Methods: We used supermarket websites to cost food and beverage items listed in the National Nutritious Food Basket (NNFB) for simulated households, each with a PLWHA. Food costing methodologies were co-developed and adapted with community members in response to barriers presented by the COVID-19 pandemic.Results: We found that simulated households, each with one PLWHA, that had a potential deficit after monthly expenses were a household of four on Income Assistance (-$1,058.70), a lone mother with two children on Income Assistance (-$973.65), a lone man on Income Assistance (-$677.40), and a household of four with one minimum-wage earner (-$383.45).Conclusions: Nova Scotia households with a PLWHA living on Income Assistance or with a minimum-wage earner cannot reasonably afford a nutritious diet in addition to basic household expenses. Using these food costing data can allow dietitians to efficiently inform government action and policy change to improve the health and wellness of individuals and families.

mTOR inhibitors a potential predisposing factor for chronic hepatitis E: Results from the prospective collaborative CHES study (Chronic Hepatitis EScreening in patients with immune impairment and increased transaminases levels).

BACKGROUND: Chronic hepatitis E virus (HEV) in persons with immune impairment has a progressive course leading to a rapid progression to liver cirrhosis. However, prospective data on chronic HEV is scarce. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence and risk factors for chronic HEV infection in subjects with immune dysfunction and elevated liver enzymes. PATIENTS AND METHODS: CHES is a multicenter prospective study that included adults with elevated transaminases values for at least 6 months and any of these conditions: transplant recipients, HIV infection, haemodialysis, liver cirrhosis, and immunosuppressant therapy. Anti-HEV IgG/IgM (Wantai ELISA) and HEV-RNA by an automated highly sensitive assay (Roche diagnostics) were performed in all subjects. In addition, all participants answered an epidemiological survey. RESULTS: Three hundred and eighty-one patients were included: 131 transplant recipients, 115 cirrhosis, 51 HIV-infected subjects, 87 on immunosuppressants, 4 hemodialysis. Overall, 210 subjects were on immunosuppressants. Anti-HEV IgG was found in 94 (25.6%) subjects with similar rates regardless of the cause for immune impairment. HEV-RNA was positive in 6 (1.6%), all of them transplant recipients, yielding a rate of chronic HEV of 5.8% among solid-organ recipients. In the transplant population, only therapy with mTOR inhibitors was independently associated with risk of chronic HEV, whereas also ALT values impacted in the general model. CONCLUSIONS: Despite previous abnormal transaminases values, chronic HEV was only observed among solid-organ recipients. In this population, the rate of chronic HEV was 5.8% and only therapy with mTOR inhibitors was independently associated with chronic hepatitis E.

La réduction du risque d'infection périnatale chez les nouveau-nés de mères dont les soins prénatals étaient inappropriés.

Le risque que des infections maternelles ne soient ni décelées ni traitées augmente lorsque les soins prénatals sont inappropriés, ce qui met la santé de la mère et de son nouveau-né à risque. Lorsqu'une femme enceinte se présente tardivement pour recevoir des soins, les tests systématiques qui influent sur la prise en charge du nouveau-né devraient inclure l'antigène de surface de l'hépatite B (AgHBs), la sérologie du virus de l'hépatite C (VHC), du virus de l'immunodéficience humaine (VIH) et de la syphilis, de même que le dépistage de la Chlamydia trachomatis et de la Neisseria gonorrhoeae. Si la mère ne s'est pas soumise aux dépistages avant ou après l'accouchement et qu'elle n'est pas disponible pour s'y soumettre, il faudrait procéder au dépistage du VIH, du virus de l'hépatite B (VHB), du VHC et de la syphilis chez le nouveau-né. Le dépistage de la C. trachomatis et de la N. gonorrhoeae est toutefois réservé aux cas où le nouveau-né démontre des manifestations cliniques compatibles avec ces infections. Il est optimal d'obtenir rapidement les résultats du dépistage du VIH, du VHB et de la syphilis, car l'utilisation des traitements préventifs est circonscrite dans le temps. Il existe des interventions préventives précoces et efficaces pour les nouveau-nés à risque de VIH, de VHB, de syphilis ou de gonorrhée. Un suivi clinique étroit et des tests de suivi s'imposent auprès des nouveau-nés de mères dont les soins prénatals étaient inappropriés, car il est impossible d'exclure pleinement toutes les infections pendant la période périnatale.

[Circumcision and HIV Prevention in Southern Africa: WHO Recommendations Questioned]. / Circoncision et prévention du VIH en Afrique australe : les recommandations de l'OMS en question.

The relationship between human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection and male circumcision, medical or traditional, remains controversial. Randomized clinical trials indicate that medical circumcision reduces the incidence in the months following surgery. But population-based studies show that the prevalence is the same over the long term. This paper summarizes the results of large population-based surveys conducted in southern African countries, the region most affected by AIDS worldwide. These surveys show that HIV prevalence among men aged 40-59 years is the same regardless of circumcision status and type. These results call into question the recommendations of the World Health Organization.

[Tuberculosis remains a public health issue in South Africa]. / La tuberculose demeure un enjeu de santé publique en Afrique du Sud.

Tuberculosis is an airborne infectious disease that can damage the lungs and other body organs. Early detection of people infected with Koch's bacillus is important because tuberculosis is a contagious disease. It can be cured. It is still a very common disease in South Africa and is fatal for sixty thousand people per year. Tuberculosis remains a major health problem for which the public authorities must put in place more effective prevention and management policies, particularly by improving the training of nurses and doctors.

[AMMA seated massage for people living with HIV, the relationship at your fingertips]. / Massage amma assis pour les personnes vivant avec le VIH, la relation du bout des doigts.

As part of a care program for patients with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), a hospital nurse with a university diploma in "body-psychological practice and integrative health" offers a program of five seated massage sessions. Patients can also be referred to her by the site's infectious diseases physicians, psychiatrist or psychologist, for nursing support and to assess the impact of their pathology, reinforcing their follow-up by promoting links between physical and psychological care. An innovative approach designed to help patients live better with their illness.

[Sexual and reproductive health of adolescents living with HIV in pediatric care programs in Abidjan : Structured provision of care and perceptions of health care workers in 2019]. / Santé sexuelle et reproductive des adolescent(e)s vivant avec le VIH dans les programmes de prise en charge pédiatrique à Abidjan : offre de services des structures et perceptions des professionnels de santé en 2019.

INTRODUCTION: The majority of adolescents living with HIV (ALHIV) reside in sub-Saharan Africa, with sexual and reproductive health (SRH) needs to be met. The health care facilities and professionals involved have a major role to assume in the quality of SRH services offered to these teenagers. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the SRH services offered to ALHIV subjects in pediatric facilities in Abidjan, Ivory-Coast. METHODS: In 2019 we conducted an exploratory cross-sectional study using qualitative and quantitative methods in three pediatric facilities caring for ALHIV subjects (CIRBA, CTAP and CePReF) and participating in the IeDEA (International epidemiologic databases to Evaluate AIDS project) in Abidjan, Ivory Coast. This study included: (1) an inventory of SRH services, using a questionnaire and direct observation, describing their adaptation to the teenagers' needs and their inclusion in provision of care; (2 an assessment by means of semi-structured interviews of 14 health professionals' perceptions of the SRH needs of the ALHIV subjects with whom they worked. Quantitative data were expressed in percentages and qualitative data from the interviews were analyzed through inductive thematic analysis. RESULTS: The care provided in the three facilities was poorly adapted to the teenagers' needs. Few SRH services were effectively provided to the ALHIV subjects in the different centers. The services essentially consisted in condom distribution and organization of SRH-based focus groups. Exceptionally, hormonal contraception was offered to teenage girls. Barriers to the services were largely due to poorly equipped facilities, particularly in terms of SRH offer, health professionals' experience, and support provided for ALHIV subjects and their parents. The health professionals were desirous of SRH skill-building programs enabling them to deliver optimal, adequately contextualized SRH services to the teenagers. CONCLUSIONS: In pediatric programs addressed to ALHIV subjects in three Abidjan facilities, the teenagers' SRH needs remain unmet. It is urgently necessary to strengthen the health facilities by means of improved equipment, enhanced awareness of teenagers' needs, and training programs enabling the health professionals to provide more adapted sexual and reproductive health services.

Profiles and health risks (STIs, HCV, HIV) of injecting drug users.

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this article is twofold: to present the sociodemographic profiles of people who inject drugs (PWID) in Togo and to assess the prevalence of health risks (sexually transmitted infections [STIs], the hepatitis C virus, and HIV), the problems linked to drug injection, and the factors characterizing PWIDs. PARTICIPANTS AND METHODS: Using a questionnaire, this cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted on 384 PWIDs in Togo. The questionnaire focused on sociodemographic characteristics, consumption history, and known health problems and risks. Snowball sampling allowed for data collection in all regions of the country. RESULTS: In the sampling, the results revealed prevalence of 17% for STIs and 53% for the hepatitis C virus. The onset of medical problems and STI signs was significantly triggered when the person was female, over 25 years of age, polygamous, not attending school, unemployed, and had been using drugs for more than five years. Moreover, reused injection equipment was shown to be associated with the high STI prevalence. CONCLUSION: Drug injection is dangerous and results in numerous health problems. This study shows that PWID vulnerability of stems from specific characteristics, such as being uneducated, single, unemployed, bereft of parents, and having a low monthly income. Additional research is required to further investigate the health risks associated with drug injection in view of providing PWIDs with comprehensive care.

"I think it's communication and trust and sharing everything": Qualitative evidence for a model of healthy intimate relationships in Black women living with HIV and men in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa.

In South Africa, couple-based interventions (CBIs) have been used to increase HIV testing, reduce HIV transmission, and shift relationship dynamics. To understand local definitions of healthy relationships, this study sought to collect qualitative data on a model of healthy relationships in a semi-rural area of KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa. We conducted semi-structured qualitative interviews with HIV-positive women (n = 15) and men of mixed HIV status (n = 15) who were in heterosexual, monogamous relationships (not with each other). Thematic analyses guided coding. Three primary healthy relationship behaviour themes emerged, labelled open communication, couple-level problem-solving, and active relationship building, which were related to various relationship facets (trust, support, respect, commitment, and connection). We purposively explored contextual themes, namely the role of HIV, positive community involvement, and power dynamics, to better situate the healthy relationship behaviour themes. HIV was not central to relationship conceptualisations and three different power structures (shared power/flexible gender norms, shared power/traditional gender norms, male-dominated power/traditional gender norms) were described as being healthy. This model of healthy relationships is similar to observed definitions in other African countries and in high-income settings. Findings can inform HIV programming content for couples in KwaZulu-Natal, particularly the active relationship building component.

En Sudáfrica, se han utilizado intervenciones basadas en la pareja para aumentar las pruebas de detección de VIH, disminuir la transmisión del VIH y cambiar la dinámica de las relaciones. Para comprender las definiciones locales de relaciones saludables, en el presente estudio se procuró recoger datos cualitativos sobre un modelo de relaciones saludables en un área semirrural de KwaZulu-Natal, Sudáfrica. Realizamos entrevistas cualitativas semiestructuradas con mujeres VIH positivo (n= 15) y hombres de estados variados en relación con el VIH (n = 15) que estaban en relaciones heterosexuales y monógamas (no entre ellos). Los análisis temáticos guiaron la codificación. Surgieron tres temas principales de conducta en las relaciones saludables: comunicación abierta marcada, resolución de problemas a nivel de la pareja, y construcción activa de la relación, que estuvieron relacionados con varios aspectos de las relaciones (la confianza, el apoyo, el respeto, el compromiso y la conexión). Analizamos específicamente temas contextuales, por ejemplo, el papel del VIH, la participación positiva en la comunidad y la dinámica de poder para ubicar mejor los temas de conducta en las relaciones saludables. El VIH no fue fundamental para las conceptualizaciones de las relaciones y se describieron como saludables tres estructuras de poder diferentes (poder compartido/normas flexibles de género, poder compartido/normas tradicionales de género, poder predominantemente masculino/normas tradicionales de género). Este modelo de relaciones saludables es similar a las definiciones observadas en otros países africanos y en ámbitos de ingresos altos. Los resultados pueden orientar el contenido de los programas sobre el VIH para parejas en KwaZulu-Natal, particularmente el componente de construcción activa de la relación.

[Living and aging with HIV]. / Vivre et vieillir avec le VIH.

HIV is not exclusive to the young population. Emotional life continues with age, and 20% of new cases of infection in France are among people over 50. This is therefore a public health issue for "seniors".

[Listening to the patient living with HIV]. / À l'écoute du patient vivant avec le VIH.

Our experience within a CHRU on a specific consultation time with patients living with HIV allows us here to testify of a practice of the clinical psychologist. What does listening to our patients teach us?

[Memories of the dark years]. / Souvenirs des années noires.

Without claiming to circumscribe the human experience and the distress of patients and caregivers, health professionals who lived through the "dark years" before 1996 and the advent of triple therapy testify and share their memories.

[A little background on the history of AIDS and HIV]. / Principaux rappels à propos de l'histoire du sida et du VIH.

As we have just commemorated the 40th anniversary of the discovery of AIDS, which was described in 1981 and declared a pandemic 20 years ago, in 2002, we are tracing the history of the disease in order to promote awareness of the imaginary nature of the disease. A useful approach to the care of the HIV-positive person.