RESUMO
The incidence rate of developing ovarian cancer decreases over the years; however, mortality ranks top among malignancies of women, mainly metastasis through local invasion. Matrilin-2 (MATN2) is a member of the matrilin family that plays an important role in many cancers. However, its relationship with ovarian cancer remains unknown. Our study aimed to explore the function and possible mechanism of MATN2 in ovarian cancer. Human ovarian cancer tissue microarrays were used to detect the MATN2 expression in different types of ovarian cancer using immunohistochemistry (IHC). CCK-8, wound scratch healing assay, transwell assay, and flow cytometry were used to detect cell mobility. Gene and protein expression were detected using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) and western blotting. MATN2 interacts with phosphatase, and the tensin homolog (PTEN) deleted on chromosome 10 was analyzed using TCGA database and co-immunoprecipitation (Co-IP). In vivo experiments were conducted using BALB/c nude mice, and tumor volume and weight were recorded. Tumor growth was determined using hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) and IHC staining. MATN2 was significantly downregulated in ovarian cancer cells. The SKOV3 and A2780 cell mobility was significantly inhibited by MATN2 overexpression, while the cell apoptosis rate was significantly increased. MATN2 overexpression decreased transplanted tumor size in vivo. These results were reversed by inhibiting MATN2. Furthermore, we found that PTEN closely interacted with MATN2 using bioinformatics and Co-IP. MATN2 overexpression significantly inhibited the PI3K/AKT pathway, however, PTEN suppression reversed this effect of MATN2 overexpression. These results indicated that MATN2 may play a critical role in ovarian cancer development by inhibiting cells proliferation and migration. The mechanism was related to interacting with PTEN, thus inhibiting downstream effectors in the PI3K/AKT pathway, which may be a novel target for treating ovarian cancer.
Assuntos
Neoplasias Ovarianas , Animais , Camundongos , Feminino , Humanos , Neoplasias Ovarianas/genética , Proteínas Matrilinas , Fosfatidilinositol 3-Quinases/genética , Proteínas Proto-Oncogênicas c-akt/genética , Linhagem Celular Tumoral , Camundongos Nus , PTEN Fosfo-Hidrolase/genéticaRESUMO
The overall survival of patients with the advanced and recurrent gastric cancer (GC) remains unfavorable. In particular, this is due to cancer spreading and resistance to chemotherapy associated with the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) of tumor cells. EMT can be identified by the transcriptome profiling of GC for EMT markers. Indeed, analysis of the TCGA and GTEx databases (n = 408) and a cohort of GC patients (n = 43) revealed that expression of the CDH2 gene was significantly decreased in the tumors vs. non-tumor tissues and correlated with the overall survival of GC patients. Expression of the EMT-promoting transcription factors SNAIL and ZEB1 was significantly increased in GC. These data suggest that targeting the EMT might be an attractive therapeutic approach for patients with GC. Previously, we demonstrated a potent anti-cancer activity of the olive leaf extract (OLE). However, its effect on the EMT regulation in GC remained unknown. Here, we showed that OLE efficiently potentiated the inhibitory effect of the chemotherapeutic agents 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) and cisplatin (Cis) on the EMT and their pro-apoptotic activity, as was demonstrated by changes in the expression of the EMT markers (E- and N-cadherins, vimentin, claudin-1) in GC cells treated with the aforementioned chemotherapeutic agents in the presence of OLE. Thus, culturing GC cells with 5-FU + OLE or Cis + OLE attenuated the invasive properties of cancer cells. Importantly, upregulation of expression of the apoptotic markers (PARP cleaved form) and increase in the number of cells undergoing apoptosis (annexin V-positive) were observed for GC cells treated with a combination of OLE and 5-FU or Cis. Collectively, our data illustrate that OLE efficiently interferes with the EMT in GC cells and potentiates the pro-apoptotic activity of certain chemotherapeutic agents used for GC therapy.
Assuntos
Olea , Neoplasias Gástricas , Humanos , Neoplasias Gástricas/tratamento farmacológico , Neoplasias Gástricas/genética , Neoplasias Gástricas/metabolismo , Olea/metabolismo , Transição Epitelial-Mesenquimal , Fluoruracila/farmacologia , Cisplatino/farmacologia , Linhagem Celular Tumoral , Extratos Vegetais/farmacologia , Caderinas/metabolismo , Regulação Neoplásica da Expressão Gênica , Movimento CelularRESUMO
Glutamic acid is a non-essential amino acid involved in multiple metabolic pathways. Of high importance is its relationship with glutamine, an essential fuel for cancer cell development. Compounds that can modify glutamine or glutamic acid behaviour in cancer cells have resulted in attractive anticancer therapeutic alternatives. Based on this idea, we theoretically formulated 123 glutamic acid derivatives using Biovia Draw. Suitable candidates for our research were selected among them. For this, online platforms and programs were used to describe specific properties and their behaviour in the human organism. Nine compounds proved to have suitable or easy to optimise properties. The selected compounds showed cytotoxicity against breast adenocarcinoma, lung cancer cell lines, colon carcinoma, and T cells from acute leukaemia. Compound 2Ba5 exhibited the lowest toxicity, and derivative 4Db6 exhibited the most intense bioactivity. Molecular docking studies were also performed. The binding site of the 4Db6 compound in the glutamine synthetase structure was determined, with the D subunit and cluster 1 being the most promising. In conclusion, glutamic acid is an amino acid that can be manipulated very easily. Therefore, molecules derived from its structure have great potential to become innovative drugs, and further research on these will be conducted.
Assuntos
Antineoplásicos , Neoplasias da Mama , Humanos , Feminino , Ácido Glutâmico/farmacologia , Relação Estrutura-Atividade , Glutamina , Simulação de Acoplamento Molecular , Antineoplásicos/farmacologia , Antineoplásicos/química , Aminoácidos/farmacologia , Estrutura Molecular , Ensaios de Seleção de Medicamentos Antitumorais , Proliferação de Células , Linhagem Celular TumoralRESUMO
Apoptosis plays an essential role in maintaining cellular homeostasis and preventing cancer progression. Bcl-xL, an anti-apoptotic protein, is an important modulator of the mitochondrial apoptosis pathway and is a promising target for anticancer therapy. In this study, we identified octenidine as a novel Bcl-xL inhibitor through structural feature-based deep learning and molecular docking from a library of approved drugs. The NMR experiments demonstrated that octenidine binds to the Bcl-2 homology 3 (BH3) domain-binding hydrophobic region that consists of the BH1, BH2, and BH3 domains in Bcl-xL. A structural model of the Bcl-xL/octenidine complex revealed that octenidine binds to Bcl-xL in a similar manner to that of the well-known Bcl-2 family protein antagonist ABT-737. Using the NanoBiT protein-protein interaction system, we confirmed that the interaction between Bcl-xL and Bak-BH3 domains within cells was inhibited by octenidine. Furthermore, octenidine inhibited the proliferation of MCF-7 breast and H1299 lung cancer cells by promoting apoptosis. Taken together, our results shed light on a novel mechanism in which octenidine directly targets anti-apoptotic Bcl-xL to trigger mitochondrial apoptosis in cancer cells.
Assuntos
Inteligência Artificial , Iminas/farmacologia , Piridinas/farmacologia , Proteína bcl-X/antagonistas & inibidores , Antineoplásicos/química , Antineoplásicos/farmacologia , Apoptose/efeitos dos fármacos , Linhagem Celular , Proliferação de Células/efeitos dos fármacos , Humanos , Iminas/química , Simulação de Acoplamento Molecular , Neoplasias/patologia , Ligação Proteica/efeitos dos fármacos , Piridinas/química , Proteína Killer-Antagonista Homóloga a bcl-2/química , Proteína Killer-Antagonista Homóloga a bcl-2/metabolismo , Proteína bcl-X/químicaRESUMO
The aim of this study was to identify polyphenolic compounds contained in ethanol and water extracts of black alder (Alnus glutinosa L.) acorns and evaluate their anti-cancer and antimicrobial effects. The significant anti-cancer potential on the human skin epidermoid carcinoma cell line A431 and the human epithelial cell line A549 derived from lung carcinoma tissue was observed. Aqueous and ethanolic extracts of alder acorns inhibited the growth of mainly Gram-positive microorganisms (Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis, Streptococcus mutans) and yeast-like fungi (Candida albicans, Candida glabrata), as well as Gram-negative (Escherichia coli, Citrobacter freundii, Proteus mirabilis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa) strains. The identification of polyphenols was carried out using an ACQUITY UPLC-PDA-MS system. The extracts were composed of 29 compounds belonging to phenolic acids, flavonols, ellagitannins and ellagic acid derivatives. Ellagitannins were identified as the predominant phenolics in ethanol and aqueous extract (2171.90 and 1593.13 mg/100 g DM, respectively) The results may explain the use of A. glutinosa extracts in folk medicine.
Assuntos
Alnus , Ilex , Alnus/química , Antibacterianos/química , Antibacterianos/farmacologia , Escherichia coli , Etanol/farmacologia , Humanos , Taninos Hidrolisáveis/farmacologia , Testes de Sensibilidade Microbiana , Extratos Vegetais/química , Extratos Vegetais/farmacologia , Água/farmacologiaRESUMO
Anti-cancer strategies using nanocarrier systems have been explored in a variety of cancers; these systems can easily be incorporated into tumors via the enhanced permeability and retention (EPR) effect leading to enhanced anti-tumor activity while reducing systemic toxicity by specific tumor-targeting. The prognosis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is extremely poor when the condition is diagnosed at the unresectable stage as treatment options are limited. In order to improve the treatment of cancer and the overall anti-cancer effect, polymerized phenylboronic acid conjugated doxorubicin (pPBA-Dox) nanocomplexes were generated, and conjugated doxorubicin, which is conventionally used in HCC. The nanocomplexes exhibited enhanced anti-tumor activity via tumor-specific targeting in the subcutaneous and orthotopic HCC syngeneic mice tumor model, implying that the nanocomplexes facilitate the targeted Dox delivery to liver cancer in which the sialic acid is over-expressed. Therefore, this study provides insight into the novel targeted therapy using the nanocomplexes for the treatment of HCC.
Assuntos
Antibióticos Antineoplásicos/uso terapêutico , Ácidos Borônicos/química , Carcinoma Hepatocelular/tratamento farmacológico , Doxorrubicina/uso terapêutico , Sistemas de Liberação de Medicamentos , Neoplasias Hepáticas/tratamento farmacológico , Nanoconjugados/química , Animais , Antibióticos Antineoplásicos/administração & dosagem , Antibióticos Antineoplásicos/química , Linhagem Celular Tumoral , Doxorrubicina/administração & dosagem , Doxorrubicina/química , Humanos , Masculino , Camundongos , Camundongos Endogâmicos C57BL , Ensaios Antitumorais Modelo de XenoenxertoRESUMO
Heparin has been extensively studied as a safe medicine and biomolecule over the past few decades. Heparin derivatives, including low-molecular-weight heparins (LMWH) and heparin pentasaccharide, are effective anticoagulants currently used in clinical settings. They have also been studied as functional biomolecules or biomaterials for various therapeutic uses to treat diseases. Heparin, which has a similar molecular structure to heparan sulfate, can be used as a remarkable biomedicine due to its uniquely high safety and biocompatibility. In particular, it has recently drawn attention for use in drug-delivery systems, biomaterial-based tissue engineering, nanoformulations, and new drug-development systems through molecular formulas. A variety of new heparin-based biomolecules and conjugates have been developed in recent years and are currently being evaluated for use in clinical applications. This article reviews heparin derivatives recently studied in the field of drug development for the treatment of various diseases.
Assuntos
Anticoagulantes , Materiais Biocompatíveis , Sistemas de Liberação de Medicamentos , Heparina de Baixo Peso Molecular , Engenharia Tecidual , Anticoagulantes/química , Anticoagulantes/uso terapêutico , Materiais Biocompatíveis/química , Materiais Biocompatíveis/uso terapêutico , Heparina de Baixo Peso Molecular/química , Heparina de Baixo Peso Molecular/uso terapêutico , HumanosRESUMO
Glucocorticoid receptor (GR) modulates extensive biological and pathological processes including tumor progression through diverse mechanisms. The regulatory effects of dexamethasone (DEX), a synthetic glucocorticoid, as well as its interaction with GR have been recognized beyond hematologic cancers. In the present study, we investigated the anti-cancer efficacy of DEX and the correlation with GR in pancreatic cancer, a most aggressive malignancy threatening human health. The differential levels of GR expression were examined in two human pancreatic cancer cell lines, PANC-1 and SW1990, as well as in xenografts and patient tumor tissues. DEX significantly inhibited colony formation, migration, and tumor growth of PANC-1 cells expressing abundant GR. The underlying mechanisms involved suppression of nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) phosphorylation and down-regulation of epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT), interleukin 6 (IL-6) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). The anti-cancer effects of DEX were partially reversed by GR silencing or combinational administration of GR antagonist, RU486. The dose-dependent efficacy of DEX in tumor growth inhibition was also demonstrated in a GR-positive patient-derived xenograft model along with safety in mice. DEX was less potent, however, in SW1990 cells with poor GR expression. Our findings suggest that DEX effectively inhibits pancreatic tumor growth partially through GR activation. The potential correlation between GR expression and anti-cancer efficacy of DEX may have some clinical implications.
Assuntos
Antineoplásicos Hormonais/uso terapêutico , Dexametasona/uso terapêutico , Neoplasias Pancreáticas/metabolismo , Receptores de Glucocorticoides/metabolismo , Carga Tumoral/efeitos dos fármacos , Ensaios Antitumorais Modelo de Xenoenxerto/métodos , Células A549 , Animais , Antineoplásicos Hormonais/farmacologia , Dexametasona/farmacologia , Relação Dose-Resposta a Droga , Feminino , Glucocorticoides/farmacologia , Glucocorticoides/uso terapêutico , Humanos , Células MCF-7 , Camundongos Endogâmicos BALB C , Camundongos Nus , Neoplasias Pancreáticas/tratamento farmacológico , Carga Tumoral/fisiologiaRESUMO
Natural polysaccharides exhibit beneficial immune modulatory effects, including immune stimulatory and anti-cancer activities. In this study, we examined the effect of Codium fragile polysaccharide (CFP) on natural killer (NK) cell activation, and its effect on tumor-bearing mice. Intravenous CFP treatment of C57BL/6 mice resulted in the upregulation of CD69, which is a marker associated with NK cell activation. In addition, intracellular levels of interferon (IFN)-γ and the cytotoxic mediators perforin and granzyme B were markedly increased in response to the CFP treatment of splenic NK cells. IFN-γ production by NK cells was directly induced by CFP, whereas the upregulation of CD69 and cytotoxic mediators required IL-12. Finally, intraperitoneal treatment with CFP prevented CT-26 (murine carcinoma) tumor cell infiltration in the lungs, without significantly reducing the body weight. In addition, treatment with CFP prevented B16 melanoma cell infiltration in the lung of C57BL/6 mice. Moreover, the anti-tumor effect was diminished by the depletion of NK cells. Therefore, these data suggest that CFP may be used as an NK cell stimulator to produce a phenomenon that contributes to anti-cancer immunity.
Assuntos
Antineoplásicos/farmacologia , Clorófitas/metabolismo , Neoplasias do Colo/tratamento farmacológico , Células Matadoras Naturais/efeitos dos fármacos , Ativação Linfocitária/efeitos dos fármacos , Linfócitos do Interstício Tumoral/efeitos dos fármacos , Melanoma Experimental/tratamento farmacológico , Polissacarídeos/farmacologia , Animais , Antígenos CD/metabolismo , Antígenos de Diferenciação de Linfócitos T/metabolismo , Antineoplásicos/isolamento & purificação , Linhagem Celular Tumoral , Neoplasias do Colo/imunologia , Neoplasias do Colo/metabolismo , Neoplasias do Colo/patologia , Granzimas , Interferon gama/metabolismo , Interleucina-12/metabolismo , Células Matadoras Naturais/imunologia , Células Matadoras Naturais/metabolismo , Lectinas Tipo C/metabolismo , Linfócitos do Interstício Tumoral/imunologia , Linfócitos do Interstício Tumoral/metabolismo , Melanoma Experimental/imunologia , Melanoma Experimental/metabolismo , Melanoma Experimental/patologia , Camundongos Endogâmicos BALB C , Camundongos Endogâmicos C57BL , Polissacarídeos/isolamento & purificação , Proteínas Citotóxicas Formadoras de Poros/metabolismo , Baço/efeitos dos fármacos , Baço/imunologia , Baço/metabolismo , Microambiente TumoralRESUMO
Most cancer therapeutics, such as tubulin-targeting chemotherapy drugs, cause cytotoxic, non-selective effects. These harmful side-effects drastically reduce the cancer patient's quality of life. Recently, researchers have focused their efforts on studying natural health products (NHP's) which have demonstrated the ability to selectively target cancer cells in cellular and animal models. However, the major hurdle of clinical validation remains. NHP's warrant further clinical investigation as a therapeutic option since they exhibit low toxicity, while retaining a selective effect. Additionally, they can sensitize cancerous cells to chemotherapy, which enhances the efficacy of chemotherapeutic drugs, indicating that they can be utilized as supplemental therapy. An additional area for further research is the investigation of drug-drug interactions between NHP's and chemotherapeutics. The objectives of this review are to report the most recent results from the field of anticancer NHP research, and to highlight the most recent advancements in possible supplemental therapeutic options.
Assuntos
Antineoplásicos/farmacologia , Antineoplásicos/uso terapêutico , Produtos Biológicos/farmacologia , Produtos Biológicos/uso terapêutico , Neoplasias/tratamento farmacológico , Animais , Interações Medicamentosas , HumanosRESUMO
As a plant medicine, Oxalidaceae has been used to treat various diseases in Korea. However, there is little data on the anti-cancer efficacy of Oxalidaceae, particularly O. obtriangulata. This study aimed to investigate the anti-cancer effect of O. obtriangulata methanol extract (OOE) and its regulatory actions on pancreatic carcinoma. OOE showed anti-proliferative effects and induced cell death in the colony formation and cell viability assays, respectively. The Fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS) data confirmed that OOE significantly induced cell cycle accumulation at the G2/M phase and apoptotic effects. Additionally, OOE inhibited the activated ERK (extracellular-signal-regulated kinase)/Src (Proto-oncogene tyrosine-protein kinase Src)/STAT3 (signal transducers and activators of transcription 3) pathways including nuclear translocation of STAT3. Furthermore, suppression of Ki67, PARP(Poly ADP-ribose polymerase), caspase-3, P27(Cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 1B), and c-Myc as well as the STAT3 target genes CDK(cyclin-dependent kinase)1, CDK2, Cyclin B1, VEGF-1(vascular endothelial growth factor-1), MMP-9(Matrix metallopeptidase 9), and Survivin by OOE was observed in BxPC3. We speculate that these molecular actions might support an anti-cancer effect of OOE. In this study, we demonstrated that OOE may be a promising anti-cancer material and may serve as a natural therapy and alternative remedy for pancreatic cancer treatment.
Assuntos
Antineoplásicos Fitogênicos/farmacologia , Apoptose/efeitos dos fármacos , Ciclo Celular/efeitos dos fármacos , Regulação Neoplásica da Expressão Gênica , Magnoliopsida/química , Antineoplásicos Fitogênicos/química , Antineoplásicos Fitogênicos/isolamento & purificação , Ciclo Celular/genética , Linhagem Celular Tumoral , Proliferação de Células/efeitos dos fármacos , Ciclina B1/genética , Ciclina B1/metabolismo , Humanos , Metaloproteinase 9 da Matriz/genética , Metaloproteinase 9 da Matriz/metabolismo , Proteína Quinase 1 Ativada por Mitógeno/genética , Proteína Quinase 1 Ativada por Mitógeno/metabolismo , Proteína Quinase 3 Ativada por Mitógeno/genética , Proteína Quinase 3 Ativada por Mitógeno/metabolismo , Pâncreas/metabolismo , Pâncreas/patologia , Extratos Vegetais/química , Plantas Medicinais , Proto-Oncogene Mas , Proteínas Proto-Oncogênicas pp60(c-src)/genética , Proteínas Proto-Oncogênicas pp60(c-src)/metabolismo , Fator de Transcrição STAT3/genética , Fator de Transcrição STAT3/metabolismo , Transdução de Sinais , Fator A de Crescimento do Endotélio Vascular/genética , Fator A de Crescimento do Endotélio Vascular/metabolismoRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Dung beetle glycosaminoglycan is known to possess anti-aging activities. However, its anti-cancer mechanisms are not fully elucidated yet. The objective of this study was to evaluate the anti-cancer effect of insect-derived polymer dung beetle glycosaminoglycan (GAG) after intraperitoneally injecting it to melanoma mice induced by B16F10 cells. METHODS: To determine molecular mechanism involved in the anti-cancer effect of dung beetle GAG, its origin N-glycan under 3KD Dalton was assayed for melanoma cell cytotoxicity. Quantitative comparisons of adhesive molecule on extracellular matrix and activities of tissue inhibitor of metalloprotease 2 (TIMP-2) were also investigated. In vivo anti-cancer effect of dung beetle GAG on solid tumor size, survival time and gene-expression profiles was also assayed using B10F10 melanoma mice model. Mice with induced melanoma were then treated with Catharsius molossus (dung beetle) GAG (CaG) at 5 mg/kg for 8 weeks to investigate its anti-cancer effects compared to bumblebee (Bombus ignitus) queen glycosaminoglycan (IQG) and Huechys sanguinea glycosaminoglycan (HEG). RESULTS: These N-glycans derived from these GAG were composed of many linear heparinoid polysaccharides, polymers with hexose and N-acetylhexose. Adminstration with these GAGs increased survival time and decreased melanoma sizes in mice, in accordance with their inhibitory effects on cell growth ratio of melanoma B16F10. In addition, treatment with N-glycans derived from theses glycosaminoglycan increased activities of TIMP-2 in HMVEC cells pretreated with TNF-alpha and in melanoma cells, suggesting that they had anti-inflammatory and anticancer activities. In DNA microarray results, compared to control, CaG treated mouse group showed upregulation of 192 genes including collagen,typeI,alpha1 (Col1a1), consistent with the highly increased in vitro extracellular matrix (ECM) adhesion on collagen 1 and up-regulation of heparanase (Hpse). After treatment with CaG, a total of 152 genes were down-regulated, including nuclear RNA export factor (Nxf3) and hyaluronan proteoglycan link protein1 (Hapln1). CONCLUSIONS: Glycosaminoglycan, CaG can strengthen ECM by increasing activity of TIMP-2 and adhesion activity on collagen known to inhibit changes of ECM, leading to tumor cell invasion and progression.
Assuntos
Matriz Extracelular/efeitos dos fármacos , Glicosaminoglicanos/farmacologia , Melanoma Experimental/tratamento farmacológico , Inibidor Tecidual de Metaloproteinase-2/genética , Animais , Proliferação de Células/efeitos dos fármacos , Besouros/química , Colágeno Tipo I/genética , Cadeia alfa 1 do Colágeno Tipo I , Matriz Extracelular/genética , Proteínas da Matriz Extracelular/genética , Regulação Neoplásica da Expressão Gênica/efeitos dos fármacos , Glucuronidase/genética , Glicosaminoglicanos/química , Humanos , Camundongos , Invasividade Neoplásica/genética , Análise de Sequência com Séries de Oligonucleotídeos , Proteoglicanas/genéticaRESUMO
Regioselective synthesis of novel ring A-fused arylpyrazoles of dihydrotestosterone (DHT) was carried out in two steps under facile reaction conditions. Aldol condensation of DHT with acetaldehyde afforded a 2-ethylidene derivative regio- and stereo-selectively, which was reacted with different arylhydrazines in the presence of iodine via microwave-assisted oxidative cyclization reactions. The 17-keto analogs of steroidal pyrazoles were also synthesized by simple oxidation in order to enlarge the compound library available for pharmacological studies and to obtain structure-activity relationship. The antiproliferative activities of the structurally related heteroaromatic compounds were tested in vitro on human cervical and breast adenocarcinoma cell lines (HeLa, MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231) and on two androgen-independent malignant prostate carcinoma cell lines (PC-3 and DU 145). Based on primary cytotoxicity screens and IC50 assessment, a structure-function relationship was identified, as derivatives carrying a hydroxyl group on C-17 exhibit stronger activity compared to the 17-one counterparts. Cancer cell selectivity of the derivatives was also determined using non-cancerous MRC-5 cells. Furthermore, the proapoptotic effects of some selected derivatives were verified on androgen therapy refractive p53-deficient PC-3 cells. The present study concludes that novel DHT-derived arylpyrazoles exert cancer cell specific antiproliferative activity and activate apoptosis in PC-3 cells.
Assuntos
Antineoplásicos/química , Antineoplásicos/farmacologia , Di-Hidrotestosterona/química , Di-Hidrotestosterona/farmacologia , Neoplasias da Próstata/tratamento farmacológico , Pirazóis/química , Pirazóis/farmacologia , Androgênios/farmacologia , Antineoplásicos/síntese química , Linhagem Celular Tumoral , Proliferação de Células/efeitos dos fármacos , Di-Hidrotestosterona/síntese química , Humanos , Masculino , Modelos Moleculares , Pirazóis/síntese químicaRESUMO
Breast cancer (BC) is the leading cause of cancer mortality in women worldwide. It recently was proven that miRNAs play a critical role in BC development. The use of natural agents for control of cancer by modulating miRNAs is promising. Oleuropein is a natural polyphenolic agent with anti-neoplastic properties and is well tolerated by humans. This study was undertaken to determine the therapeutic effects of oleuropein through modulation of master oncomiRs (miR-21 and miR-155) in BC cells. The present study provides the first link between miRNA and oleuropein as a mechanism in BC. MCF-7 cells were tested with and without oleuropein and the cell viability, apoptosis, and migration were examined. The effect of oleuropein on miR-21 and miR-155 expression was assessed through qRT-PCR. It was found that oleuropein induced apoptosis and retarded cell migration and invasion in a dose-dependent manner in the human MCF7 BC cell line. It was observed that oleuropein significantly decreased expression of both miR-21 and miR-155 over time in a dose-dependent manner. These results demonstrate that oleuropein is a potential therapeutic and preventive agent for BC. Oleuropein exhibits an anti-cancer effect by modulation of tumor suppressor gene expression, which is targeted by oncomiRs.
Assuntos
Neoplasias da Mama/tratamento farmacológico , Neoplasias da Mama/prevenção & controle , Iridoides/uso terapêutico , MicroRNAs/genética , Análise de Variância , Apoptose/efeitos dos fármacos , Movimento Celular/efeitos dos fármacos , Sobrevivência Celular/efeitos dos fármacos , Regulação para Baixo , Feminino , Regulação Neoplásica da Expressão Gênica , Humanos , Glucosídeos Iridoides , Células MCF-7 , Invasividade Neoplásica/prevenção & controleRESUMO
ω-Hydroxyundec-9-enoic acid (ω-HUA), a plant secondary metabolite, exhibits anti-fungal activity. However, its effect on breast cancer cells is unknown. Here, we investigated the anti- breast cancer activity of ω-HUA and its underlying mechanism. Treatment of human breast cancer cell lines, MDA-MB-231 and MDA-MB-435, with ω-HUA induced apoptotic cell death with increased cleaved caspase-3 and poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) levels, and p38 and JNK phosphorylation. Inhibition of these mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathways using specific inhibitors or siRNA, for p38 and JNK, respectively, blocked the ω-HUA-induced apoptosis in a dose-dependent manner. Moreover, pretreatment of the cells with antioxidant N-acetyl cysteine (NAC) inhibited ω-HUA-induced increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels, cleaved caspase-3 and cleaved PARP, and phosphorylated JNK, phosphorylated p38, and increased cell viability and colony-forming ability. MDA-MB-231 xenograft model showed that the ω-HUA-treated group exhibited greater tumor regression and significantly reduced tumor weight compared to that exhibited by the vehicle-administered group. Collectively, ω-HUA-induced intracellular ROS generation induced breast cancer cell apoptosis through JNK and p38 signaling pathway activation, resulting in tumor regression. The results suggested that ω-HUA is an effective supplement for inhibiting human breast cancer growth.
Assuntos
Antineoplásicos/administração & dosagem , Neoplasias da Mama/tratamento farmacológico , MAP Quinase Quinase 4/metabolismo , Espécies Reativas de Oxigênio/metabolismo , Ácidos Undecilênicos/administração & dosagem , Proteínas Quinases p38 Ativadas por Mitógeno/metabolismo , Animais , Antineoplásicos/farmacologia , Neoplasias da Mama/metabolismo , Linhagem Celular Tumoral , Proliferação de Células/efeitos dos fármacos , Sobrevivência Celular/efeitos dos fármacos , Relação Dose-Resposta a Droga , Feminino , Humanos , Camundongos , Fosforilação/efeitos dos fármacos , Ácidos Undecilênicos/farmacologia , Ensaios Antitumorais Modelo de XenoenxertoRESUMO
Green tea is one of the most popular beverages in the world, especially in Asian countries. Consumption of green tea has been demonstrated to possess many health benefits, which mainly attributed to the main bioactive compound epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG), a flavone-3-ol polyphenol, in green tea. EGCG is mainly absorbed in the intestine, and gut microbiota play a critical role in its metabolism prior to absorption. EGCG exhibits versatile bioactivities, with its anti-cancer effect most attracting due to the cancer preventive effect of green tea consumption, and a great number of studies intensively investigated its anti-cancer effect. In this review, we therefore, first stated the absorption and metabolism process of EGCG, and then summarized its anti-cancer effect in vitro and in vivo, including its manifold anti-cancer actions and mechanisms, especially its anti-cancer stem cell effect, and next highlighted its various molecular targets involved in cancer inhibition. Finally, the anti-cancer effect of EGCG analogs and nanoparticles, as well as the potential cancer promoting effect of EGCG were also discussed. Understanding of the absorption, metabolism, anti-cancer effect and molecular targets of EGCG can be of importance to better utilize it as a chemopreventive and chemotherapeutic agent.
Assuntos
Antineoplásicos/farmacocinética , Catequina/análogos & derivados , Neoplasias/prevenção & controle , Animais , Catequina/farmacocinética , Linhagem Celular Tumoral , Sinergismo Farmacológico , Humanos , Células-Tronco Neoplásicas/efeitos dos fármacos , Células-Tronco Neoplásicas/metabolismo , Polifenóis/farmacocinética , Chá/químicaRESUMO
Colon cancer is the third most common malignancy in both sexes of Korea. Here, we investigated anti-colorectal cancer effects of 1,2,3,4,6-penta-O-galloyl-ß-d-glucose (PGG), a gallotannin from Galla rhois, and its possible mechanisms. PGG induced cytotoxicity and decreased proliferation of colon cancer cells without affecting normal colon fibroblasts. PGG inhibited clonogenic ability and induced apoptosis in cancer cells. One of the underlying mechanisms of the anti-cancer effect exerted by PGG, was owing to the induction p53 expression, a well-known tumor suppressor, and increased in P21, the representative target gene of p53. PGG affected cell-cycle- or apoptosis-related proteins such as cyclin E, CDK2, and Bcl-2, cleaved caspase-3. Also, PGG induced caspase-3/7 activity. These data suggest that PGG exerts anti-colorectal cancer effects.
Assuntos
Antineoplásicos/farmacologia , Neoplasias do Colo/tratamento farmacológico , Taninos Hidrolisáveis/farmacologia , Proteína Supressora de Tumor p53/metabolismo , Antineoplásicos/química , Apoptose/efeitos dos fármacos , Produtos Biológicos/química , Ciclo Celular/efeitos dos fármacos , Linhagem Celular Tumoral , Proliferação de Células/efeitos dos fármacos , Neoplasias do Colo/metabolismo , Neoplasias do Colo/patologia , Relação Dose-Resposta a Droga , Ensaios de Seleção de Medicamentos Antitumorais , Humanos , Taninos Hidrolisáveis/química , Estrutura Molecular , Relação Estrutura-AtividadeRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is known as one of the most fatal forms of cancer. MicroRNAs have been widely implicated in the regulation of mammalian development and pathogenesis. The brain-enriched miR-29 subfamilies are known to be exclusively expressed in the developing brain, and they are aberrantly down-regulated in GBM. This study aims to elucidate the role of miR-29b in GBM development and the feasibility of therapeutic targeting using conjugated nanoparticles. METHODS: After confirmation of miR-29b expression levels in GBM tissues by analysis of open source data, the anticancer effect of miR-29b was tested by the introduction of syn-hsa-miR-29b-3p in the A172 GBM cell line. In vitro studies of cell viability and apoptosis and ex vivo study using GBM tissue slice cultures from 3 patients and nanoparticle delivery of miR-29b were performed. RESULTS: We discovered an increase in apoptotic cell populations with the introduction of miR-29b in the GBM cell line. An established human-derived GBM tissue slice culture system confirmed the anticancer effect of miR-29b-conjugated nanoparticles. Using PCR array, we found that exogenous miR-29b inhibits the expression of COL1A2, COL3A1, COL4A1, ELN, ITGA11, MMP24, and SPARC, which mediates an anticancer effect. CONCLUSIONS: miR-29b may serve as a putative therapeutic molecule when its expression is restored using a nanoparticle delivery system in GBM.
RESUMO
Spirulina platensis (SP) is a blue-green microalga that has recently raised attention not only as a nutritional component, but also as a source of bioactivities that have therapeutic effects and may find application in medicine, including cancer treatment. In the present study we determined the cytotoxic effect of S. platensis filtrates (SPF) on human colon cancer cell line Caco-2. Three concentrations of SPF were tested-1.25%, 2.5%, and 5% (v/v). We have found that the highest concentration of SPF exerts the strongest anti-proliferative and pro-apoptotic effect on Caco-2 cultures. The SPF negatively affected the morphology of Caco-2 causing colony shrinking and significant inhibition of metabolic and proliferative activity of cells. The wound-healing assay showed that the SPF impaired migratory capabilities of Caco-2. This observation was consistent with lowered mRNA levels for metalloproteinases. Furthermore, SPF decreased the transcript level of pro-survival genes (cyclin D1, surviving, and c-Myc) and reduced the autocrine secretion of Wnt-10b. The cytotoxic effect of SPF involved the modulation of the Bax and Bcl-2 ratio and a decrease of mitochondrial activity, and was related with increased levels of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) and nitric oxide (NO). Moreover, the SPF also caused an increased number of cells in the apoptotic sub-G0 phase and up-regulated expression of mir-145, simultaneously decreasing expression of mir-17 and 146. Obtained results indicate that SPF can be considered as an agent with anti-cancer properties that may be used for colon cancer prevention and treatment.
Assuntos
Apoptose/efeitos dos fármacos , Proliferação de Células/efeitos dos fármacos , MicroRNAs/genética , RNA Mensageiro/genética , Spirulina/química , Células CACO-2 , Linhagem Celular Tumoral , Sobrevivência Celular/efeitos dos fármacos , Neoplasias do Colo/tratamento farmacológico , Neoplasias do Colo/genética , Humanos , Metaloproteases/genética , Mitocôndrias/efeitos dos fármacos , Óxido Nítrico/metabolismo , Proteínas Proto-Oncogênicas c-bcl-2/genética , Espécies Reativas de Oxigênio/metabolismo , Regulação para Cima/efeitos dos fármacos , Proteína X Associada a bcl-2/genéticaRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Honey has been shown to have anti-cancer effects, but the mechanism behind these effects is not fully understood. We investigated the role of Malaysian jungle Tualang honey (TH) in modulating the hematological parameters, estrogen, estrogen receptors (ER1) and pro and anti-apoptotic proteins expression in induced breast cancer in rats. METHODS: Fifty nulliparous female Sprague-Dawley rats were used and grouped as follows: Group 0 (healthy normal rats control), Group 1 (negative control; untreated rats), Groups 2, 3 and 4 received daily doses of 0.2, 1.0 and 2.0 g/kg body weight of TH, respectively. The rats in groups 1, 2, 3, 4 were induced with 80 mg/kg of 1-methyl-1-nitrosourea (MNU). TH treatment in groups 2, 3 and 4 was started one week prior to tumor induction and continued for 120 days. RESULTS: The TH-treated rats had tumors of different physical attributes compared to untreated negative control rats; the tumor progression (mean 75.3 days versus 51.5 days); the incidence (mean 76.6% versus 100%); the multiplicity (mean 2.5 versus 4 tumor masses per rat); the size of tumor mass (mean 0.41 cm versus 1.47 cm [p < 0.05]) and the weight of the tumor mass (mean 1.22 g versus 3.23 g; [p < 0.05]). Histological examinations revealed that cancers treated with TH were mainly of grades I and II compared with the non-treated control, in which the majority were of grade III (p < 0.05). TH treatment was found to modulate hematological parameters such as Hb, RBCs, PCV, MCV, RDW, MCHC, polymorphs and lymphocytes values. TH treatment groups were found to have a lower anti-apoptotic proteins (E2, ESR1 and Bcl-xL) expression and a higher pro-apoptotic proteins (Apaf-1 and Caspase-9) expression at serum and on cancer tissue level (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION: Tualang Honey alleviates breast carcinogenesis through modulation of hematologic, estrogenic and apoptotic activities in this experimental breast cancer animal model. Tualang Honey may be used as a natural 'cancer-alleviating' agent or as a supplement to chemotherapeutic agents.