Prolepsis and Rendering Futures in Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change Reports.

Rhetorical figures of speech provide important analytical frames to chart how arguments operate within genres and within genre ecologies. Varieties of the figure prolepsis allow for the rendering of future time or fact in the present, which can be a powerful rhetorical inducement toward social and political action. In this article, we examine how anticipatory arguments drawn from complex data shape a key genre for public and policy-facing work on the climate crisis-the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change's Synthesis Report's (SYR) Statement for Policy Makers (SPM). We examine how the rhetorical figure of prolepsis operates within this genre to understand the anticipatory arguments and logics emerging from the synthesis of scientific findings and their reporting. Pairing figural studies and Rhetorical Genre Studies, we further offer an approach to investigate how these patterned operations of language might intersect in their rhetorical workings.

Light on perenniality: Para-dormancy is based on ABA-GA antagonism and endo-dormancy on the shutdown of GA biosynthesis.

Perennial para- and endo-dormancy are seasonally separate phenomena. Whereas para-dormancy is the suppression of axillary buds (AXBs) by a growing shoot, endo-dormancy is the short-day elicited arrest of terminal and AXBs. In hybrid aspen (Populus tremula x P. tremuloides) compromising the apex releases para-dormancy, whereas endo-dormancy requires chilling. ABA and GA are implicated in both phenomena. To untangle their roles, we blocked ABA biosynthesis with fluridone (FD), which significantly reduced ABA levels, downregulated GA-deactivation genes, upregulated the major GA3ox-biosynthetic genes, and initiated branching. Comprehensive GA-metabolite analyses suggested that FD treatment shifted GA production to the non-13-hydroxylation pathway, enhancing GA4 function. Applied ABA counteracted FD effects on GA metabolism and downregulated several GA3/4 -inducible α- and γ-clade 1,3-ß-glucanases that hydrolyze callose at plasmodesmata (PD), thereby enhancing PD-callose accumulation. Remarkably, ABA-deficient plants repressed GA4 biosynthesis and established endo-dormancy like controls but showed increased stress sensitivity. Repression of GA4 biosynthesis involved short-day induced DNA methylation events within the GA3ox2 promoter. In conclusion, the results cast new light on the roles of ABA and GA in dormancy cycling. In para-dormancy, PD-callose turnover is antagonized by ABA, whereas in short-day conditions, lack of GA4 biosynthesis promotes callose deposition that is structurally persistent throughout endo-dormancy.

Elementos para una epistemología ambiental descolonial / Elements for a decolonial environmental epistemology

Resumen Existen otros criterios de verificabilidad científica, inscritos en la cultura de distintas naciones indígenas. Tomamos como caso de estudio el "observatorio astronómico muisca", Colombia, y otras investigaciones etnológicas recientes sobre las principales cosmologías del mundo. Sostenemos que las ciencias ambientales fundadas en aquellos criterios pueden mejorar su capacidad de agencia institucional, pues permiten constituir ciencias transescalares en coordinación con objetivos descoloniales del saber. Otros criterios de verificabilidad y sus diálogos con el pensamiento descolonial son realmente posibles en el marco de una filosofía materialista de enfoque vitalista. A la luz de lo anterior, se argumenta que las prolepsis y las operatividades de las proposiciones científicas (institucionalizadas) son criterios seguros de evaluación de la "validez" (a escalas subglobales) y de la "verdad" del mundo (a escala global), especialmente cuando se trata de explicar/intervenir sus problemas ambientales.

Abstract There are other criteria of scientific verifiability, inscribed in the culture of different indigenous nations. We took as a study case the "Muisca Astronomical Observatory" in Colombia, and other recent ethnological research on the world's main cosmologies. We hold the idea that the environmental sciences, based on those criteria, can improve their capacity as an institutional agency since they allow trans-scalar sciences to be constituted in coordination with decolonial objectives of knowledge. Other verifiability criteria and their dialogues with decolonial thinking are actually possible within the framework of a materialistic philosophy of vitalist approach. In the light of the above, it is argued that the prolepsis and operability of scientific (institutionalized) propositions are safe criteria for assessing "validity" (at subglobal scales) and "truth" of the world (on a global scale), especially when it comes to explaining/intervening their environmental problems.