RESUMO
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has been a commonly used term and diagnosis in paediatric hepatology, gastroenterology, and endocrinology clinics for over 30 years. A multisociety Delphi process has determined a new name "Steatotic Liver Disease" (SLD) as the overarching term for disorders associated with hepatic lipid accumulation. Our Societies give our support to steatotic liver disease as the best overarching term for use in our communities. Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) overcomes many of the shortcomings of the name NAFLD. Here, we highlight several points of the new nomenclature that are of particular importance for our community and their consequences for implementation including: diagnostic criteria, considering alternate diagnoses, practical implementation, research, advocacy, and education for paediatricians. As with all nomenclature changes, it will take a concerted effort from our paediatric societies to help integrate the optimal use of this into practice.
Assuntos
Hepatopatia Gordurosa não Alcoólica , Terminologia como Assunto , Humanos , Criança , Hepatopatia Gordurosa não Alcoólica/diagnóstico , Hepatopatia Gordurosa não Alcoólica/classificação , Pediatria/normas , Sociedades Médicas , Fígado Gorduroso/diagnóstico , Fígado Gorduroso/classificação , Técnica DelphiRESUMO
The American, European, and Latin American liver societies have proposed a change in the nomenclature we use to describe alcohol-related liver disease and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Additionally, a term encompassing both is now advocated: steatotic liver disease, which includes metabolic dysfunction associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) and MASLD with greater alcohol consumption (MetALD). These classifications offer increased relevance for clinicians, researchers, and patients alike. In this Viewpoint, we discuss the basis for this nomenclature shift and how it was developed. We also explore the challenges that will be faced in the adoption of such change. The proposed change seeks to banish stigma associated with phrasing such as alcoholic and fatty. However stigma, particularly related to the term fatty, is culturally nuanced, and reflects different entities depending on location. If such a change is internationally accepted, there will be wide-reaching effects on practitioners in primary care and metabolic medicine, and on patients. We discuss those effects and the opportunities the nomenclature change could offer, particularly for patients with alcohol and metabolic risk factors who represent a group previously ignored by clinical trials.
Assuntos
Terminologia como Assunto , Humanos , Fígado Gorduroso/classificação , Hepatopatia Gordurosa não Alcoólica/classificação , Gastroenterologia , Fígado Gorduroso Alcoólico/classificação , Fatores de Risco , Estigma SocialRESUMO
This review investigates that, in 2023, fatty liver disease underwent a name change to "steatotic liver disease" (SLD). SLD now includes metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD), alcohol-related liver disease (ALD), and metabolic and alcohol-related liver disease (MetALD). The renaming aims to better incorporate alcohol intake and metabolic risk factors into disease classification and to diminish the stigma associated with the previous nomenclature. Early identification of the patient's aetiology is important for the prognosis which can be improved by interventions against the causative risk factors.
Assuntos
Terminologia como Assunto , Humanos , Fatores de Risco , Fígado Gorduroso/classificação , Fígado Gorduroso/diagnóstico , Fígado Gorduroso Alcoólico/classificação , Fígado Gorduroso Alcoólico/diagnóstico , Consumo de Bebidas Alcoólicas/efeitos adversos , Hepatopatia Gordurosa não Alcoólica/classificação , Hepatopatia Gordurosa não Alcoólica/diagnóstico , Hepatopatias Alcoólicas/classificaçãoRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease comprises a spectrum of lesions ranging from steatosis to cirrhosis, with nonalcoholic steatohepatitis being the progressive form of the disease. Alcohol intake, viral hepatitis and other liver diseases must be excluded. Liver biopsy is the gold standard for diagnosis of the disease and is the only method able to differentiate nonalcoholic steatohepatitis from simple steatosis, to grade inflammation and to stage fibrosis. AIMS: To analyze the histopathological findings and evaluate interobserver agreement in biopsies previously diagnosed as steatosis or steatohepatitis. METHODS: Seventy needle biopsies were analyzed according to Brunt et al.(4), with modifications in the grading and staging components. Clinical data of patients were collected. Interobserver agreement was calculated based on histopathological findings. RESULTS: Mild nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (grade 1) was the most common form. If fibrosis was detected, stage 1 was the most frequent. Interobserver agreement was very good for macrovesicular steatosis (K W = 0,82) and good for lobular inflammation (K W = 0,68) and fibrosis (K W = 0,73). CONCLUSIONS: The classification of Brunt et al., with modifications, can be applied to diagnosis not only of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis but also of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, representing a reliable method for use in the daily practice of pathologists.
INTRODUÇÃO: A doença hepática gordurosa não-alcoólica compreende um espectro de lesões que variam da esteatose à cirrose, sendo a esteatoepatite não-alcoólica a forma progressiva da doença. Uso de álcool, hepatites virais e outras doenças hepáticas devem ser excluídos. A biópsia hepática é o padrão-ouro para o diagnóstico da doença, sendo o único método capaz de diferenciar a esteatoepatite da esteatose, graduar a inflamação e estadiar a fibrose. OBJETIVOS: Analisar os achados histopatológicos e avaliar a concordância interobservador em biópsias previamente diagnosticadas como esteatose ou esteatoepatite. MATERIAIS E MÉTODOS: Setenta biópsias por agulha foram analisadas segundo Brunt et al.(4), com modificações nos componentes determinantes da atividade e no estadiamento. Os informes clínicos dos pacientes foram coletados. A concordância interobservador foi calculada com base nos achados histopatológicos. RESULTADOS: Esteatoepatite não-alcoólica discreta (grau 1) foi a forma mais comum. Se havia fibrose, o estágio 1 foi o mais freqüente. Concordância interobservador foi muito boa para esteatose macrovacuolar (KW = 0,82) e boa para inflamação lobular (KW = 0,68) e fibrose (KW = 0,73). CONCLUSÕES: A classificação de Brunt et al., com modificações, pode ser usada para o diagnóstico não somente da esteatoepatite não-alcoólica, mas também da doença hepática gordurosa não-alcoólica, representando método confiável para uso na rotina diária dos patologistas.