Effectiveness of Glutamine Oral Care in Reducing Oral Mucositis and Improving Oral Health After Neurosurgery: A Randomized Controlled Trial with Microbiome Analysis.

BACKGROUND Hospital-acquired infections negatively impact the health of inpatients and are highly costly to treat. Oral care reduces the microorganism number in the mouth and lungs and is essential in preventing postoperative oral inflammation, lung infection, and other complications. This study was designed to determine the effects of oral care with glutamine on oral health, oral flora, and incidence of pneumonia in patients after neurosurgery. MATERIAL AND METHODS This was a parallel, double-blind, randomized trial. Patients admitted to the Neurosurgery Department of the hospital from July to October 2021 were selected. Three hundred patients who met the inclusion criteria were randomized into 3 groups. The control group (n=100) received oral care with routine oral nursing methods with saline, whereas the experimental group (n=100) received oral care with 5% glutamine. A compound chlorhexidine group (n=100) was set as a positive control. All patients, care providers, and investigators were blinded to the group assignment. The incidence of local debris, oral mucositis, halitosis, dryness, oral mucositis disorders, and oral flora types were collected and analyzed in all groups. RESULTS The incidence of local debris, oral mucositis, halitosis, dryness, and other oral mucositis disorders in the glutamine oral care group was significantly decreased, compared with that of the control group. Oral flora types in the glutamine and chlorhexidine groups were significantly reduced. CONCLUSIONS Oral care with 5% glutamine after neurosurgery is associated with a lower incidence of oral disorders and pneumonia, and a significant reduction in oral flora.

Association between Volatile Sulfur Compounds Prevotella intermedia and Matrix Metalloproteinase-8 Expression

Abstract Objective: To determine the correlation between levels of methyl mercaptan (CH3SH) hydrogen sulfide (H2S), the proportion of Prevotella intermedia (Pi), and matrix metalloproteinase-8 (MMP-8) gene expression levels in periodontitis patients accompanied by halitosis. Material and Methods: Samples were obtained from gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) in the deepest pocket and by swabbing in the tongue coating area in patients with periodontitis presenting with halitosis (n = 23) and healthy subjects as controls (n = 7). The values of CH3SH and H2S were obtained using Oral Chroma. The proportion of Pi and MMP-8 expression levels were evaluated using PCR-RT. All the result was statistically analyzed using SPSS software. Results: The levels of CH3SH and H2S in participants with PD ≥ 6 mm showed a robust negative correlation with the proportion of P. intermedia in GCF and tongue coating. No statistically significant association was detected between CH3SH and H2S levels and MMP-8 expression levels (p>0.05). Conclusion: There is no association between CH3SH and H2S levels, the proportion of P. intermedia, and MMP-8 expression in patients with periodontitis accompanied by halitosis (AU).

Oral health in Brazilian patients with chronic renal disease / Salud oral en pacientes brasileños con insuficiencia renal crónica

Background: Poor oral health status mayhave an impact on the health status of patients with chronic renal failure. Aim: To describe the oral health status of a group of Brazilian patients with chronic renal failure. Material and methods: Retrospective review of the medical records of patients with chronic renal failure, ofwhom 13 (4.5 percent) werein apre dialysis stage, 158 (55 percent) were on hemodialysis, 23 (8.4 percent) were on peritoneal dialysis and 92 (32.1 percent) were transplanted. General oral health, presence of dental calculus, and halitosis were recorded. The number of decayed, missed and filled teeth was analyzed by means of DMF-T (Decayed, Missed and Filled Teeth) índex. Resulte: The sample was composed of 152 men (53 percent) and 134 women (47 percent), aged 42±13 years. Oral health status was considered defective in most patients (83 percent). Eighty-seven percent had dental calculus and 55 percent had halitosis. Transplant patients reponed significantly less halitosis (40.2 percent) than the rest of the groups. The DMF-T for the whole population was 20.6 and had a positive correlation with age. Conclusions: This group of patients with chronic renal failure presented a poor oral health status. Dental treatment programs for these patients should be implemented to avoid the exposure to dental pathogens.

Introducción: Las alteraciones de la cavidad oral pueden tener impacto en la salud de pacientes con insuficiencia renal crónica. Objetivo: Describir la salud oral de pacientes brasileños con insuficiencia renal crónica. Material y métodos: Revisión retrospectiva de las fichas dentales de pacientes con insuficiencia renal crónica, de los cuales 13 (4,5 por ciento) estaban en etapa prediálisis, 158 (55 por ciento) estaban en hemodiálisis, 23 (8,4 por ciento) estaban en peritoneodiálisis y 92 (32,1 por ciento) habían sido trasplantados. Se registró la salud oral general, la presencia de tártaro y halitosis. El número de piezas faltantes y obturadas fue analizado utilizando el índice DMF-T (Decayed, Missed and Filled Teeth o dientes con cañes, faltantes y obturados). Resultados: La muestra estaba constituida por 152 hombres y 134 mujeres con una edad promedio de 42±13 años. La salud dental general era deficitaria en 83 por ciento y 87 por ciento tenía tártaro. El 55 por ciento tenía halitosis y ¡os pacientes trasplantados tenían este problema con una frecuencia significativamente menor que el resto de ¡os grupos. El índice DMF-T global fue 20,6 y tuvo una correlación positiva con la edad. Conclusiones: La salud oral de estos pacientes con insuficiencia renal crónica es mala. Es importante implementar programas de tratamiento dental para estos pacientes para evitarla exposición a patógenos que pueden causar complicaciones sistémicas.

Halitose: aspectos clínicos / Halitosis: clinical aspects

O reconhecimento da halitose é simples, porém determinar sua etiologia é algo complexo. O odor das diferentes halitoses nos levam a determinadas patologias. Neste artigo, apresentamos revisäo do tema e classificaçäo para ajudar no diagnóstico diferencial das halitoses. Uma vez determinada a sua etiologia, procuramos um tratamento específico, quer seja com o otorrinolaringologista, o dentista ou o clínico específico