RESUMO
Two rhesus monkeys were infected with SIVmac 251. Elevated urinary neopterin concentrations were observed as the first sign of infection. Virus-specific antibodies were detected 14 days after infection, when neopterin concentrations were already decreasing. The neopterin levels of one animal remained elevated and the virus was repeatedly isolated. Urinary or serum neopterin concentrations appear to be early markers for SIV infection and viremia in rhesus monkeys.
Assuntos
Biopterinas/análogos & derivados , Infecções por Retroviridae/urina , Vírus da Imunodeficiência Símia , Animais , Biopterinas/sangue , Biopterinas/urina , Macaca mulatta , Neopterina , Infecções por Retroviridae/sangue , Vírus da Imunodeficiência Símia/isolamento & purificação , Urina/microbiologiaRESUMO
Simian foamy virus (SFV) infection and the subsequent immune response are not well characterized. Blood plasma, saliva, and urine were obtained from four humans and nine chimpanzees persistently infected with chimpanzee-type SFV for an unknown length of time. SFV-specific immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibodies, but not IgA antibodies, against the Gag and Bet proteins were detected, by Western blotting, in all sample types from infected humans and chimpanzees. Overall, chimpanzee samples had higher anti-SFV IgG titers than humans. These results provide a first comparative evaluation of SFV-specific host mucosal humoral immunity in infected humans and chimpanzees that is characterized by a predominant IgG response and a virtually absent IgA response.
Assuntos
Anticorpos Antivirais/análise , Infecções por Retroviridae/imunologia , Spumavirus/imunologia , Anticorpos Antivirais/sangue , Anticorpos Antivirais/urina , Especificidade de Anticorpos , Produtos do Gene gag/imunologia , Humanos , Imunidade nas Mucosas , Imunoglobulina A/análise , Imunoglobulina A/sangue , Imunoglobulina A/urina , Imunoglobulina G/análise , Imunoglobulina G/sangue , Imunoglobulina G/urina , Glândula Parótida/metabolismo , Infecções por Retroviridae/sangue , Infecções por Retroviridae/urina , Saliva/imunologia , Proteínas Virais/imunologiaRESUMO
An increase in total urinary neopterin was observed in 12 of 13 patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), seven of 13 patients with lymphadenopathy, one of six healthy homosexual males, seven of ten adult patients with staphylococcal pneumonia, 11 of 12 children with viral infections, four of seven children with bacterial infections, and 12 of 13 children with various immune defects. Extremely high values of total urinary neopterin and monapterin were observed in severely ill patients with AIDS and those with familial hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis. Neopterin excretion was normal in two AIDS patients with Kaposi's sarcoma, but without opportunistic infections at that time. On reexamination of one of these patients later on, elevated neopterin values were noted. Parallel increases in neopterin and monapterin were found, whereas biopterin was usually normal. The increase in total neopterin was mainly due to 7,8-dihydroneopterin and was accompanied by an increase in 3'-hydroxysepiapterin. Increased neopterin in urine is assumed to reflect the increase in GTP pool and GTP cyclohydrolase I activity as observed in stimulated monocytes. Thus, neopterin, as a measure of the activation of the nonspecific cellular immune system, may be used diagnostically to detect allograft rejection after transplantations and to follow-up HTLV-III positive patients.