Extracellular cytochrome nanowires appear to be ubiquitous in prokaryotes.

Electrically conductive appendages from the anaerobic bacterium Geobacter sulfurreducens, recently identified as extracellular cytochrome nanowires (ECNs), have received wide attention due to numerous potential applications. However, whether other organisms employ similar ECNs for electron transfer remains unknown. Here, using cryoelectron microscopy, we describe the atomic structures of two ECNs from two major orders of hyperthermophilic archaea present in deep-sea hydrothermal vents and terrestrial hot springs. Homologs of Archaeoglobus veneficus ECN are widespread among mesophilic methane-oxidizing Methanoperedenaceae, alkane-degrading Syntrophoarchaeales archaea, and in the recently described megaplasmids called Borgs. The ECN protein subunits lack similarities in their folds; however, they share a common heme arrangement, suggesting an evolutionarily optimized heme packing for efficient electron transfer. The detection of ECNs in archaea suggests that filaments containing closely stacked hemes may be a common and widespread mechanism for long-range electron transfer in both prokaryotic domains of life.

Structure of Microbial Nanowires Reveals Stacked Hemes that Transport Electrons over Micrometers.

Long-range (>10 µm) transport of electrons along networks of Geobacter sulfurreducens protein filaments, known as microbial nanowires, has been invoked to explain a wide range of globally important redox phenomena. These nanowires were previously thought to be type IV pili composed of PilA protein. Here, we report a 3.7 Å resolution cryoelectron microscopy structure, which surprisingly reveals that, rather than PilA, G. sulfurreducens nanowires are assembled by micrometer-long polymerization of the hexaheme cytochrome OmcS, with hemes packed within ∼3.5-6 Å of each other. The inter-subunit interfaces show unique structural elements such as inter-subunit parallel-stacked hemes and axial coordination of heme by histidines from neighboring subunits. Wild-type OmcS filaments show 100-fold greater conductivity than other filaments from a ΔomcS strain, highlighting the importance of OmcS to conductivity in these nanowires. This structure explains the remarkable capacity of soil bacteria to transport electrons to remote electron acceptors for respiration and energy sharing.

Membrane-anchored HDCR nanowires drive hydrogen-powered CO2 fixation.

Filamentous enzymes have been found in all domains of life, but the advantage of filamentation is often elusive1. Some anaerobic, autotrophic bacteria have an unusual filamentous enzyme for CO2 fixation-hydrogen-dependent CO2 reductase (HDCR)2,3-which directly converts H2 and CO2 into formic acid. HDCR reduces CO2 with a higher activity than any other known biological or chemical catalyst4,5, and it has therefore gained considerable interest in two areas of global relevance: hydrogen storage and combating climate change by capturing atmospheric CO2. However, the mechanistic basis of the high catalytic turnover rate of HDCR has remained unknown. Here we use cryo-electron microscopy to reveal the structure of a short HDCR filament from the acetogenic bacterium Thermoanaerobacter kivui. The minimum repeating unit is a hexamer that consists of a formate dehydrogenase (FdhF) and two hydrogenases (HydA2) bound around a central core of hydrogenase Fe-S subunits, one HycB3 and two HycB4. These small bacterial polyferredoxin-like proteins oligomerize through their C-terminal helices to form the backbone of the filament. By combining structure-directed mutagenesis with enzymatic analysis, we show that filamentation and rapid electron transfer through the filament enhance the activity of HDCR. To investigate the structure of HDCR in situ, we imaged T. kivui cells with cryo-electron tomography and found that HDCR filaments bundle into large ring-shaped superstructures attached to the plasma membrane. This supramolecular organization may further enhance the stability and connectivity of HDCR to form a specialized metabolic subcompartment within the cell.

High-frequency and intrinsically stretchable polymer diodes.

Skin-like intrinsically stretchable soft electronic devices are essential to realize next-generation remote and preventative medicine for advanced personal healthcare1-4. The recent development of intrinsically stretchable conductors and semiconductors has enabled highly mechanically robust and skin-conformable electronic circuits or optoelectronic devices2,5-10. However, their operating frequencies have been limited to less than 100 hertz, which is much lower than that required for many applications. Here we report intrinsically stretchable diodes-based on stretchable organic and nanomaterials-capable of operating at a frequency as high as 13.56 megahertz. This operating frequency is high enough for the wireless operation of soft sensors and electrochromic display pixels using radiofrequency identification in which the base-carrier frequency is 6.78 megahertz or 13.56 megahertz. This was achieved through a combination of rational material design and device engineering. Specifically, we developed a stretchable anode, cathode, semiconductor and current collector that can satisfy the strict requirements for high-frequency operation. Finally, we show the operational feasibility of our diode by integrating it with a stretchable sensor, electrochromic display pixel and antenna to realize a stretchable wireless tag. This work is an important step towards enabling enhanced functionalities and capabilities for skin-like wearable electronics.

Structure of Geobacter pili reveals secretory rather than nanowire behaviour.

Extracellular electron transfer by Geobacter species through surface appendages known as microbial nanowires1 is important in a range of globally important environmental phenomena2, as well as for applications in bio-remediation, bioenergy, biofuels and bioelectronics. Since 2005, these nanowires have been thought to be type 4 pili composed solely of the PilA-N protein1. However, previous structural analyses have demonstrated that, during extracellular electron transfer, cells do not produce pili but rather nanowires made up of the cytochromes OmcS2,3 and OmcZ4. Here we show that Geobacter sulfurreducens binds PilA-N to PilA-C to assemble heterodimeric pili, which remain periplasmic under nanowire-producing conditions that require extracellular electron transfer5. Cryo-electron microscopy revealed that C-terminal residues of PilA-N stabilize its copolymerization with PilA-C (to form PilA-N-C) through electrostatic and hydrophobic interactions that position PilA-C along the outer surface of the filament. PilA-N-C filaments lack π-stacking of aromatic side chains and show a conductivity that is 20,000-fold lower than that of OmcZ nanowires. In contrast with surface-displayed type 4 pili, PilA-N-C filaments show structure, function and localization akin to those of type 2 secretion pseudopili6. The secretion of OmcS and OmcZ nanowires is lost when pilA-N is deleted and restored when PilA-N-C filaments are reconstituted. The substitution of pilA-N with the type 4 pili of other microorganisms also causes a loss of secretion of OmcZ nanowires. As all major phyla of prokaryotes use systems similar to type 4 pili, this nanowire translocation machinery may have a widespread effect in identifying the evolution and prevalence of diverse electron-transferring microorganisms and in determining nanowire assembly architecture for designing synthetic protein nanowires.

A biomimetic eye with a hemispherical perovskite nanowire array retina.

Human eyes possess exceptional image-sensing characteristics such as an extremely wide field of view, high resolution and sensitivity with low aberration1. Biomimetic eyes with such characteristics are highly desirable, especially in robotics and visual prostheses. However, the spherical shape and the retina of the biological eye pose an enormous fabrication challenge for biomimetic devices2,3. Here we present an electrochemical eye with a hemispherical retina made of a high-density array of nanowires mimicking the photoreceptors on a human retina. The device design has a high degree of structural similarity to a human eye with the potential to achieve high imaging resolution when individual nanowires are electrically addressed. Additionally, we demonstrate the image-sensing function of our biomimetic device by reconstructing the optical patterns projected onto the device. This work may lead to biomimetic photosensing devices that could find use in a wide spectrum of technological applications.

Controlling protein assembly on inorganic crystals through designed protein interfaces.

The ability of proteins and other macromolecules to interact with inorganic surfaces is essential to biological function. The proteins involved in these interactions are highly charged and often rich in carboxylic acid side chains1-5, but the structures of most protein-inorganic interfaces are unknown. We explored the possibility of systematically designing structured protein-mineral interfaces, guided by the example of ice-binding proteins, which present arrays of threonine residues (matched to the ice lattice) that order clathrate waters into an ice-like structure6. Here we design proteins displaying arrays of up to 54 carboxylate residues geometrically matched to the potassium ion (K+) sublattice on muscovite mica (001). At low K+ concentration, individual molecules bind independently to mica in the designed orientations, whereas at high K+ concentration, the designs form two-dimensional liquid-crystal phases, which accentuate the inherent structural bias in the muscovite lattice to produce protein arrays ordered over tens of millimetres. Incorporation of designed protein-protein interactions preserving the match between the proteins and the K+ lattice led to extended self-assembled structures on mica: designed end-to-end interactions produced micrometre-long single-protein-diameter wires and a designed trimeric interface yielded extensive honeycomb arrays. The nearest-neighbour distances in these hexagonal arrays could be set digitally between 7.5 and 15.9 nanometres with 2.1-nanometre selectivity by changing the number of repeat units in the monomer. These results demonstrate that protein-inorganic lattice interactions can be systematically programmed and set the stage for designing protein-inorganic hybrid materials.

Vertically Integrated Monolithic Neuromorphic Nanowire Device for Physiological Information Processing.

This study demonstrates the conceptual design and fabrication of a vertically integrated monolithic (VIM) neuromorphic device. The device comprises an n-type SnO2 nanowire bottom channel connected by a shared gate to a p-type P3HT nanowire top channel. This architecture establishes two distinct neural pathways with different response behaviors. The device generates excitatory and inhibitory postsynaptic currents, mimicking the corelease mechanism of bilingual synapses. To enhance the signal processing efficiency, we employed a bipolar spike encoding strategy to convert fluctuating sensory signals to spike trains containing positive and negative pulses. Utilizing the neuromorphic platform for synaptic processing, physiological signals featuring bidirectional fluctuations, including electrocardiogram and breathing signals, can be classified with an accuracy of over 90%. The VIM device holds considerable promise as a solution for developing highly integrated neuromorphic hardware for healthcare and edge intelligence applications.

Jellyfish-like Gold Nanowires as FlexoSERS Sensors for Sweat Analysis.

We introduce the FlexoSERS sensor, which is notable for its high stretchability, sensitivity, and patternability. Featuring a hierarchically oriented jellyfish-like architecture constructed from stretchable gold nanowires, this sensor provides an ultrasensitive SERS signal even under 50% strain, with an enhancement factor (EF) of 3.3 × 1010. Impressively, this heightened performance remains consistently robust across 2,500 stretch-release cycles. The integration of nanowires with 3D-printed hydrogel enables a customizable FlexoSERS sensor, facilitating localized sweat collection and detection. The FlexoSERS sensor successfully detects and quantifies uric acid (UA) in both artificial and human sweat and functions as a pH sensor with repeatability and sensitivity across a pH range of 4.2-7.8, enabling real-time sweat monitoring during exercise. In summary, the rational architectural design, scalable fabrication process, and hydrogel integration collectively position this nanowire-based FlexoSERS sensor as a highly promising platform for customizable wearable sweat diagnostics.

Cu Nanowires Trigger Efficient Cuproptosis via Special Intracellular Distribution and Excessive Cu Ion Release.

Cuproptosis, dependent on Cu overload, presents novel opportunities for cancer therapy. Cu-based nanomaterials have shown excellent advantages for the intracellular delivery of Cu. However, the biological process of Cu nanomaterials transporting Cu ions into cancer cells remains unclear. In this study, we tracked the Cu ion release process of copper nanowires (CuNWs) and copper nanoparticles (CuNPs) at the single-cell level. CuNWs with 5-µm length and CuNPs were found to be completely internalized by cancer cells. Interestingly, CuNWs escaped from the endolysosomal system, whereas CuNPs were mainly trapped in the lysosomes. This specific intracellular distribution of CuNWs led to cytoplasmic Cu ion overload, directly damaging mitochondria and inducing dihydrolipoamide S-acetyltransferase (DLAT) protein aggregation. Through these excessive Cu ions, CuNWs triggered more efficient cuproptosis than CuNPs to further increase cell death. Thus, CuNWs are more effective in delivering Cu ions than CuNPs, providing a novel perspective for designing cuproptosis-based functional nanomaterials for cancer therapy.

Mimicking the retinal neuron functions by a photoresponsive single transistor with a double gate.

To realize a low-cost neuromorphic visual system, employing an artificial neuron capable of mimicking the retinal neuron functions is essential. A photoresponsive single transistor neuron composed of a vertical silicon nanowire is proposed. Similar to retinal neurons, various photoresponsive characteristics of the single transistor neuron can be modulated by light intensity as well as wavelength and have a high responsivity to green light like the human eye. The device is designed with a cylindrical surrounding double-gate structure, enclosed by an independently controlled outer gate and inner gate. The outer gate has the function of selectively inhibiting neuron activity, which can mimic lateral inhibition of amacrine cells to ganglion cells, and the inner gate can be utilized for the adjustment of the firing threshold voltage, which can be used to mimic the regulation of photoresponsivity by horizontal cells for adaptive visual perception. Furthermore, a myelination function that controls the speed of information transmission is obtained according to the inherent asymmetric source/drain structure of a vertical silicon nanowire. This work can enable photoresponsive neuronal function using only a single transistor, providing a promising hardware implementation for building miniaturized neuromorphic vision systems at low cost.

Robust Long-Nanowire Fabrication by Clean-Phase-Assisted Micro Chemical Pen for Enhanced Bioassay Sensitivity.

Long nanowires offer an increased surface area for biomolecule immobilization, facilitating enhanced binding capacity and sensitivity in the detection of target analytes. However, robust long-nanowire fabrication remains a significant challenge. In this paper, we developed a novel construction of a micro chemical pen (MCP), called a clean-assisted micro chemical pen (CAMCP), for robust long-nanowire fabrication. CAMCP, based on localized hydrodynamic flow confinement, was conducted by incorporating a clean phase to effectively dissolve aggregated silver particles in the aspiration channel's shell, thereby enhancing the MCP's longevity by 60.84%, allowing for an 840 µm extension in nanowire patterning capability. A 4600-aspect ratio (length:1200 µm, width: 260 nm) nanowire was fabricated by CAMCP and utilized as a nanowire sensor, showing a 39.7% increase in IgA detection sensitivity compared to a 3000-aspect ratio sensor. Furthermore, the longer nanowire sensor exhibited enhanced signal responses, a higher signal-to-noise ratio, and a lower limit of detection (LOD). The preponderant bioassay performances of the longer nanowire sensor in bioassays, facilitated by CAMCP, open up its possibilities for chemical-synthesis nanowires (NWs) in ultrasensitive biodetection.

Directly Self-Assembly of Aligned Ag NWs Films at the Air-Water Interface for the Detection of Pathogens in Artificial Breath Aerosols.

Exhaled aerosols from humans, containing various pathogens, are crucial for early disease diagnosis. However, the traditional pathogen detection methods, such as polymerase chain reaction, are often slow and cumbersome due to complex sampling and procedures. This study introduces a novel, direct, and label-free detection method for pathogens in respiratory aerosols, utilizing a highly aligned silver nanowire (Ag NW) film combined with a filter membrane (Ag NWs@filter) as a surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy-active substrate. A large-scale, ordered silver nanowire film was developed through a simplified self-assembly process. This process eliminates the need for an organic phase and complex surface modifications of Ag NWs, which are common in other preparation methods. Subsequently, the fabricated Ag NWs@filter demonstrated its capability to continuously capture and efficiently preconcentrate pathogens from aerosols, achieving a remarkable detection limit of 3 × 103 CFU/mL, demonstrated using Escherichia coli (E. coli) as a model pathogen. Moreover, the classification between E. coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa achieved an overall accuracy of 96.5% by the principal component analysis with linear discriminant analysis models. The success of this sensing strategy illustrates its potential in detecting and identifying a variety of biomarkers present in respiratory aerosols, marking a significant step forward in the field of pathogen detection.

Dual-Function DNA Nanowires with Self-Feedback Amplification and Efficient Signal Transduction for Intracellular Imaging of MicroRNA-155.

Intracellular detection and imaging of microRNAs (miRNAs) with low expression usually face the problem of unsatisfactory sensitivity. Herein, a novel dual-function DNA nanowire (DDN) with self-feedback amplification and efficient signal transduction was developed for the sensitive detection and intracellular imaging of microRNA-155 (miRNA-155). Target miRNA-155 triggered catalytic hairpin assembly (CHA) to generate plenty of double-stranded DNA (dsDNA), and a trigger primer exposed in dsDNA initiated a hybridization chain reaction (HCR) between four well-designed hairpins to produce DDN, which was encoded with massive target sequences and DNAzyme. On the one hand, target sequences in DDN acted as self-feedback amplifiers to reactivate cascaded CHA and HCR, achieving exponential signal amplification. On the other hand, DNAzyme encoded in DDN acted as signal transducers, successively cleaving Cy5 and BHQ-2 labeled substrate S to obtain a significantly enhanced fluorescence signal. This efficient signal transduction coupling self-feedback amplification greatly improved the detection sensitivity with a limit of detection of 160 aM for miRNA-155, enabling ultrasensitive imaging of low-abundance miRNA-155 in living cells. The constructed DDN creates a promising fluorescence detection and intracellular imaging platform for low-expressed biomarkers, exhibiting tremendous potential in biomedical studies and clinical diagnosis of diseases.

PNA-Functionalized, Silica Nanowires-Filled Glass Microtube for Ultrasensitive and Label-Free Detection of miRNA-21.

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are endogenous and noncoding single-stranded RNA molecules with a length of approximately 18-25 nucleotides, which play an undeniable role in early cancer screening. Therefore, it is very important to develop an ultrasensitive and highly specific method for detecting miRNAs. Here, we present a bottom-up assembly approach for modifying glass microtubes with silica nanowires (SiNWs) and develop a label-free sensing platform for miRNA-21 detection. The three-dimensional (3D) networks formed by SiNWs make them abundant and highly accessible sites for binding with peptide nucleic acid (PNA). As a receptor, PNA has no phosphate groups and exhibits an overall electrically neutral state, resulting in a relatively small repulsion between PNA and RNA, which can improve the hybridization efficiency. The SiNWs-filled glass microtube (SiNWs@GMT) sensor enables ultrasensitive, label-free detection of miRNA-21 with a detection limit as low as 1 aM at a detection range of 1 aM-100 nM. Noteworthy, the sensor can still detect miRNA-21 in the range of 102-108 fM in complex solutions containing 1000-fold homologous interference of miRNAs. The high anti-interference performance of the sensor enables it to specifically recognize target miRNA-21 in the presence of other miRNAs and distinguish 1-, 3-mismatch nucleotide sequences. Significantly, the sensor platform is able to detect miRNA-21 in the lysate of breast cancer cell lines (e.g., MCF-7 cells and MDA-MB-231 cells), indicating that it has good potential in the screening of early breast cancers.

Real-Time Detection of Multiple Intracellular MicroRNAs using an Ultrasound-Propelled Nanomotor-Based Dynamic Fluorescent Probe.

Multiple intracellular microRNA (miRNA) detection is essential for disease diagnosis and management. Nonetheless, the real-time detection of multiple intracellular miRNAs has remained challenging. Herein, we have developed an ultrasound (US)-powered nanomotor-based dynamic fluorescent probe for the real-time OFF-ON fluorescent determination of multiple intracellular miRNAs. The new probe relies on the utilization of multicolored quantum dot (QD)-labeled single-stranded DNA (ssDNA)/graphene oxide (GO)-coated US-powered gold nanowire (AuNW) nanomotors. The fluorescence of QDs is quenched due to π-π interactions with the GO. Upon binding to target miRNAs, the QDs-ssDNA is now distant from the AuNWs, resulting in effective OFF-ON QD fluorescence switching. Compared with conventional passive probes, the dynamic fluorescent probe enhances probe-target interactions by using the US-propelled nanomotor, resulting in exceptionally efficient and prompt hybridization. Simultaneous quantitative analysis of miR-10b and miR-21 in vitro can be achieved within 15 min with high sensitivity and specificity. Additionally, multicolor QDs provide strong signal intensity and multiplexed detection, enabling one-step real-time discrimination between cancer cells (A549) and normal cells (L02). The obtained results are in good agreement with those from qRT-PCR. This dynamic fluorescent probe based on a nanomotor and QDs enables rapid "on the move" specific detection of multiple intracellular miRNAs in intact cells, facilitating real-time monitoring of diverse intracellular miRNA expression, and it could pave the way for novel applications of nanomotors in biodetection.

Light-Driven Electrochemical Biosensing with DNA Origami-Assisted Hybrid Nanoantenna for Fumonisin B1 Monitoring.

The electrochemical detection of biosensors is largely governed by the changes in physical properties of redox probes, which are susceptible to electrode substrate effects, inhibiting sensor sensitivity. In this work, a light-driven electrochemical biosensor based on a hybrid nanoantenna was developed for the sensitive detection of fumonisin B1 (FB1). The hybrid nanoantenna sensing interface was constructed by coupling CdSe quantum dots (QDs)-DNA nanowire and graphdiyne oxide composites loaded with methylene blue and gold nanorods (GDYO-MB-Au NRs) using a tetrahedral DNA nanostructure, which acted as a light-driven unit and an amplification unit, respectively. The hybrid nanoantenna with light-driven properties facilitated the alteration in the chemical properties of MB at the sensing interface; that is, MB was degraded under light illumination. The stripping of the CdSe QDs-DNA nanowire triggered by the binding of FB1 could degrade the light-driven capability, thereby improving the electrochemical signal through depressing MB degradation. Taking advantage of the photodegradation of MB by the hybrid nanoantenna, the developed biosensor reduced the background signal and increased the detection sensitivity. The developed biosensor exhibited a linear detection range from 0.5 fg mL-1 to 10 pg mL-1 and a detection limit down to 0.45 fg mL-1. This strategy shows great promise for the fabrication of highly sensitive electrochemical biosensors.

Construction of Fluorescent G-Quadruplex Nanowires for Label-Free and Accurate Monitoring of Circular RNAs in Breast Cancer Cells and Tissues with Low Background.

Circular RNAs (circRNAs) represent an emerging category of endogenous transcripts characterized by long half-life time, covalently closed structures, and cell-/tissue-specific expression patterns, making them potential disease biomarkers. Herein, we demonstrate the construction of fluorescent G-quadruplex nanowires for label-free and accurate monitoring of circular RNAs in breast cancer cells and tissues by integrating proximity ligation-rolling circle amplification cascade with lighting up G-quadruplex. The presence of target circRNA facilitates the SplintR ligase-mediated ligation of the padlock probe. Upon the addition of primers, the ligated padlock probe can serve as a template to initiate subsequent rolling circle amplification (RCA), generating numerous long G-quadruplex nanowires that can incorporate with thioflavin T (ThT) to generate a remarkably improved fluorescence signal. Benefiting from good specificity of SplintR ligase-mediated ligation reaction and exponential amplification efficiency of RCA, this strategy can sensitively detect target circRNA with a limit of detection of 4.65 × 10-18 M. Furthermore, this method can accurately measure cellular circRNA expression with single-cell sensitivity and discriminate the circRNA expression between healthy para-carcinoma tissues and breast cancer tissues, holding great potential in studying the pathological roles of circRNA and clinic diagnostics.

Fabrication of Electronically Conductive Protein-Heme Nanowires for Power Harvesting.

Electronically conductive protein-based materials can enable the creation of bioelectronic components and devices from sustainable and nontoxic materials, while also being well-suited to interface with biological systems, such as living cells, for biosensor applications. However, as proteins are generally electrical insulators, the ability to render protein assemblies electroactive in a tailorable manner can usher in a plethora of useful materials. Here, an approach to fabricate electronically conductive protein nanowires is presented by aligning heme molecules in proximity along protein filaments, with these nanowires also possessing charge transfer abilities that enable energy harvesting from ambient humidity. The heme-incorporated protein nanowires demonstrate electron transfer over micrometer distances, with conductive atomic force microscopy showing individual nanowires having comparable conductance to other previously characterized heme-based bacterial nanowires. Exposure of multilayer nanowire films to humidity produces an electrical current, presumably through water molecules ionizing carboxyl groups in the filament and creating an unbalanced total charge distribution that is enhanced by the heme. Incorporation of heme and potentially other metal-center porphyrin molecules into protein nanostructures could pave the way for structurally- and electrically-defined protein-based bioelectronic devices.

Core-Sheath Heterogeneous Interlocked Conductive Fiber Enables Smart Textile for Personalized Healthcare and Thermal Management.

Whereas thermal comfort and healthcare management during long-term wear are essentially required for wearable system, simultaneously achieving them remains challenge. Herein, a highly comfortable and breathable smart textile for personal healthcare and thermal management is developed, via assembling stimuli-responsive core-sheath dual network that silver nanowires(AgNWs) core interlocked graphene sheath induced by MXene. Small MXene nanosheets with abundant groups is proposed as a novel "dispersant" to graphene according to "like dissolves like" theory, while simultaneously acting as "cross-linker" between AgNWs and graphene networks by filling the voids between them. The core-sheath heterogeneous interlocked conductive fiber induced by MXene "cross-linking" exhibits a reliable response to various mechanical/electrical/light stimuli, even under large mechanical deformations(100%). The core-sheath conductive fiber-enabled smart textile can adapt to movements of human body seamlessly, and convert these mechanical deformations into character signals for accurate healthcare monitoring with rapid response(440 ms). Moreover, smart textile with excellent Joule heating and photothermal effect exhibits instant thermal energy harvesting/storage during the stimuli-response process, which can be developed as self-powered thermal management and dynamic camouflage when integrated with phase change and thermochromic layer. The smart fibers/textiles with core-sheath heterogeneous interlocked structures hold great promise in personalized healthcare and thermal management.