Insecticidal activity of propoxur- and carbaryl-impregnated flea collars against Ctenocephalides felis.

Ten dogs were fitted with 10% propoxur-(0-isopropoxyphenyl methylcarbamate) and 10 dogs were fitted with 16% carbaryl-(1-naphthyl-N-methylcarbamate) impregnated flea collars. Ten cats were fitted with carbaryl-impregnated flea collars. There were 5 control animal for each trial. Insecticidal activity against experimental infestations with the cat flea (Ctenocephalides felis) was evaluated. The propoxur collars on dogs reduced the flea populations by 90% within 2 days of infestation for at least 13 weeks. By the 16th week, the flea population was reduced 65% in 2 days and 87% in 7 days. In subsequent infestations, efficiency was less than 80% after 7 days. Carbaryl collars on dogs reduced the flea population by as much as 80% in 2 days for a period of 16 weeks. An efficiency of at least 80% at 7 days was maintaned for 17 weeks. Carbaryl collars on cats reduced the flea population within 2 days by 80% or more for a period of at least 19 weeks--the last experimental infestation.

The control of ticks, fleas and lice on dogs by means of a Sendran--impregnated collar.

Plastic collars impregnated with 9,4% Sendran effectively controlled adult Rhipicephalus sanguineus for a period of 49 days and immature ticks for a period possibly in excess of 70 days when fitted to four dogs. Four uncollared dogs served as controls. Although flea burdens were extremely low the collars were apparently effective for a period in excess of 70 days. A medicated collar killed all the ticks, fleas and lice on a severely parasited dog within a period of 48 hours.

The efficacy of collars impregnated with flumethrin and propoxur against experimental infestations of adult Rhipicephalus sanguineus on dogs.

The efficacy of 2 sets of collars (Kiltix Collar, Bayer AG), containing different plasticisers and impregnated with the acaricides flumethrin (2.25%) and propoxur (10%), was compared against adult Rhipicephalus sanguineus on experimentally infested, kennelled dogs. Thirty individually penned dogs were infested with 25 male and 25 female, unfed R. sanguineus. On the following day they were allocated to 3 groups of 10 dogs each on the magnitude of their tick burdens. Two days after infestation, medicated collars containing 1 of the plasticisers were fitted to 10 of the dogs and similar collars containing the other plasticiser were fitted to 10 others. The remaining 10 dogs were the untreated controls. Seven and 28 days after having fitted the collars, all dogs were re-infested with 50 unfed adult ticks of both sexes, and again at approximately 28-day intervals up to the 5th month, and then at approximately 14-day intervals during the 6th month. Efficacy was determined by comparing the mean number of live, attached ticks on the untreated control group with those on the collared dogs 2 days after each re-infestation. Immediate efficacy of the collars (Day +2) was > 95%, and residual efficacy was > 98% up to and including Day +114, and > 93% up to Day +170 on both groups of collared dogs. The mean tick counts on the 2 groups of collared dogs did not differ significantly (P < 0.0001) for any of the assessment days.

Philornis sp. bot fly larvae in free living scarlet macaw nestlings and a new technique for their extraction.

Bot fly larvae (Philornis genus) are obligate subcutaneous blood-feeding parasites of Neotropical birds including psittacines. We analyze twelve years of data on scarlet macaw (Ara macao) nestlings in natural and artificial nests in the lowland forests of southeastern Peru and report prevalence and intensity of Philornis parasitism. Bot fly prevalence was 28.9% while mean intensity was 5.0 larvae per infected chick. Prevalence in natural nests (11%, N=90 nestlings) was lower than in wooden nest-boxes (39%, N=57) and PVC boxes (39%, N=109). We describe a new technique of removing Philornis larvae using a reverse syringe design snake bite extractor. We compare this new technique to two other methods for removing bots from macaw chicks and find the new method the most suitable.

[Chewing-lice species (Phthiraptera) found on domestic and wild birds in Turkey]. / Türkiye'deki Evcil ve Yabani Kanatlilarda Bulunan Cigneyici Bit (Phthiraptera) Türleri.

This study was carried out 48 domestic and wild bird samples belonging to 15 different species. Birds that were killed by traffic on the roads as well as birds that were ill or injured were brought for investigation to the Veterinary Faculty or Animal Keeping House of Konya Municipal. Firstly, all of them were inspected macroscopically for ectoparasites. Then, they were treated with an insecticidal drug, propoxur in a cartoon box. One long-eared owl, one Eurasian buzzard, four long-legged buzzards and five rock pigeons were found to be infested with lice, the others were not. The lice were mounted on slides into Canada balsam after being cleared in KOH 10 % and were identified to species under the light microscope. The lice were identified as Strigiphilus barbatus collected from the long-eared owl, as Kurodaia fulvofasciata collected from the Eurasian buzzard, as Crasspedorrhynchus platystomus, Degeeriella fulva, Colpocephalum nanum collected from long-legged buzzards and as Columbicola columbae collected from rock pigeons. This is the first time that Kurodaia fulvofasciata from the Eurasian buzzard and Strigiphilus barbatus from the long-eared owl has been recorded in Turkey.

[The first report of Mulcticola hypoleucus (Denny, 1842) (Phthiraptera: Ischnocera) from nightjars (Caprimulgus europaeus L.) in Turkey]. / Türkiye'de, Cobanaldatanlarda (Caprimulgus europaeus L.) ilk Mulcticola hypoleucus (Denny, 1842) (Phthiraptera: Ischnocera) olgusu.

In this study, two nightjars (Caprimulgus europaeus L.) were examined for ectoparasites. They were investigated macroscopically for lice. Then, they were placed into a plastic box and propoxur applied to their whole bodies. The ectoparasites which fell to the bottom of the box were collected and preserved in a vial with 70% of alcohol. No ectoparasite was observed on one nightjar while eleven lice specimens were collected from the other. The lice specimens were cleared in 10% of KOH until they were transparent. The lice were mounted on slides using by Canada balsam and dried in an incubater. They were examined under the light microscope and identified as Mulcticola hypoleucus (Denny, 1842). This is the first time the genus Mulcticola and the species M. hypoleucus has been reported from the nightjars in Turkey.

[Trombiculid mite--Neotrombicula autumnalis (Shaw 1790)--in veterinary medicine. Nervous systems in dogs following massive infestation]. / Zur Bedeutung der Herbstgrasmilbe--Neotrombicula autumnalis (Shaw 1790)--in der Veterinärmedizin: Nervale Symptome bei Hunden nach massiver Infestation.

Initially the biology of chigger mites and the clinical course of Trombiculosis is reviewed. This is followed by a case study dealing for the first time with nervous symptoms associated with this disease. Twenty-four hours after a massive infestation of at least 2000 larvae of N. a. autumnalis two male Yorkshire terriers of approximately three years of age showed initial stages of paresis of the rear extremities in a few hours. The lameness worsened to such an extent that the front extremities were also affected and the dogs could no longer stand. After repeated acaricide treatments and symptomatic therapy these nervous symptoms disappeared within three days.