[Chromosomal abnormalities in secondary myelodysplastic syndromes and leukemias]. / Anomalies cytogénétiques des syndromes myélodysplasiques et leucoses aiguës secondaires.

Secondary leukemias group essentially together myelodysplastic syndromes and acute leukemias, therapy-related (chemo- or radio-), or consecutive to environmental factors. It's now proven that some recurrent abnormalities are associated with effects of therapeutic agents, as -5/del(5q), -7/del(7q) linked to alkylating agents, or 11q23 and 21q22 abnormalities linked to inhibitors of Topoisomerase II. Even if important differences between secondary and "de novo" forms exist, the discrimination between these 2 categories is not always obvious: many common chromosomal abnormalities, "de novo" leukemias in older patients having characteristics close to those of postalkylating leukemias, neonatal forms possibly secondary to maternal affect. Recent studies identified some others chromosomal abnormalities in the secondary leukemias and confirmed the poor prognosis of these hemopathies. This review sums up criterions, circumstances and cytogenetic abnormalities.