How evidence-based is venous leg ulcer care? A survey in community settings.

ABSTRACT

AIM: This paper is a report of a study to describe venous leg ulcer care regarding compression, pain management and lifestyle advice in community settings and to identify factors that predict the provision of lifestyle advice by nurses. BACKGROUND: Incongruence between evidence and practice in leg ulcer care has been reported. Little is known about predictive factors related to the provision of lifestyle advice. METHOD: Two focus interviews and a Delphi procedure were used to develop a self-administered questionnaire based on the Graham questionnaire. Nurses employed by community healthcare organizations and independent nurses in private practices participated (n = 789). The data were collected in 2006. FINDINGS: Compression was applied in 58.7% of patients with venous ulcers. Pain was present in 82.9%. A third of patients with pain received analgesics, but half of these patients (52.1%) took analgesics as prescribed. Half of the nurses (50.8%) gave lifestyle advice related to the leg ulcer. It was mainly instructions about leg elevation (68.3%), promoting physical activity (39.8%) and optimizing nutrition (16.7%) that were provided. Nurses who perceived themselves to have adequate leg ulcer knowledge and skills were 3.75 times more likely to provide lifestyle advice compared with those lacking such knowledge and skills. Nurses who found leg ulcer care not rewarding, rarely successful or difficult gave statistically significantly less lifestyle advice than those who found it rather rewarding, successful and not difficult. CONCLUSION: Patients with leg ulcers receive less than optimum care and patient education. A particular challenge lies in leg ulcer education programmes and pain management.