The oxysterol 27-hydroxycholesterol increases ß-amyloid and oxidative stress in retinal pigment epithelial cells.
BMC Ophthalmol
; 10: 22, 2010 Sep 13.
Article
em En
| MEDLINE
| ID: mdl-20836858
ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND:
Alzheimer's disease (AD) and age-related macular degeneration (AMD) share several pathological features including ß-amyloid (Aß) peptide accumulation, oxidative damage, and cell death. The causes of AD and AMD are not known but several studies suggest disturbances in cholesterol metabolism as a culprit of these diseases. We have recently shown that the cholesterol oxidation metabolite 27-hydroxycholesterol (27-OHC) causes AD-like pathology in human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells and in organotypic hippocampal slices. However, the extent to which and the mechanisms by which 27-OHC may also cause pathological hallmarks related to AMD are ill-defined. In this study, the effects of 27-OHC on AMD-related pathology were determined in ARPE-19 cells. These cells have structural and functional properties relevant to retinal pigmented epithelial cells, a target in the course of AMD.METHODS:
ARPE-19 cells were treated with 0, 10 or 25 µM 27-OHC for 24 hours. Levels of Aß peptide, mitochondrial and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress markers, Ca2+ homeostasis, glutathione depletion, reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, inflammation and cell death were assessed using ELISA, Western blot, immunocytochemistry, and specific assays.RESULTS:
27-OHC dose-dependently increased Aß peptide production, increased levels of ER stress specific markers caspase 12 and gadd153 (also called CHOP), reduced mitochondrial membrane potential, triggered Ca2+ dyshomeostasis, increased levels of the nuclear factor κB (NFκB) and heme-oxygenase 1 (HO-1), two proteins activated by oxidative stress. Additionally, 27-OHC caused glutathione depletion, ROS generation, inflammation and apoptotic-mediated cell death.CONCLUSIONS:
The cholesterol metabolite 27-OHC is toxic to RPE cells. The deleterious effects of this oxysterol ranged from Aß accumulation to oxidative cell damage. Our results suggest that high levels of 27-OHC may represent a common pathogenic factor for both AMD and AD.
Texto completo:
1
Base de dados:
MEDLINE
Assunto principal:
Estresse Oxidativo
/
Epitélio Pigmentado da Retina
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Hidroxicolesteróis
/
Degeneração Macular
Limite:
Humans
Idioma:
En
Revista:
BMC Ophthalmol
Assunto da revista:
OFTALMOLOGIA
Ano de publicação:
2010
Tipo de documento:
Article
País de afiliação:
Estados Unidos