Parylene-based implantable platinum-black coated wire microelectrode for orbicularis oculi muscle electrical stimulation.

ABSTRACT

A novel and simple process was proposed to fabricate a parylene-based platinum-black coated wire microelectrode for orbicularis oculi muscle electrical stimulation. Compared with conventional microelectrodes, wire microelectrodes would enable smaller wounds, increased ease of implantation, and improved cosmesis. Meanwhile, the circumferential electrode sites of this wire microelectrode fabricated by lift-off process would contribute to fully contact with tissue and reduction of electrode-tissue interface impedance. The width and the amount of electrode sites could be decided by the thickness and the amount of sacrificial layer, respectively. The platinum-black coatings were electroplated on electrode sites by applying a current pulse train in chloroplatinic acid solution with ultrasonic bath for further electrode-tissue interface impedance reduction and good mechanical stability of coatings. Electrode impedance at 1 kHz has been significantly reduced by 90%, and the cathodic charge storage capacity (CSCc) has been increased by 13 times. In addition, hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining section of muscle demonstrated the good biocompatibility of this electroplated platinum-black. By applying a charge imbalanced biphasic stimulation waveform for orbicularis oculi muscle stimulation, the rabbits with facial paralysis rehabilitated the function of closing eyes. This kind of microelectrode will be promising for neuromuscular applications.