Graves upper eyelid retraction.
Surv Ophthalmol
; 58(1): 63-76, 2013.
Article
em En
| MEDLINE
| ID: mdl-23217588
ABSTRACT
Graves upper eyelid retraction (GUER) is the most common and characteristic sign of Graves orbitopathy. Despite being well recognized since the 19th century, GUER is still a subject of controversy. We review GUER, including historical aspects, diagnosis, methods of measurements, ocular surface abnormalities, etiology, and medical and surgical treatments. There is no consensus about the mechanisms of its etiology or the best surgical correction. There is a need for quantitative studies on the effects of GUER on lid movements.
Texto completo:
1
Base de dados:
MEDLINE
Assunto principal:
Oftalmopatia de Graves
/
Doenças Palpebrais
Tipo de estudo:
Diagnostic_studies
/
Etiology_studies
Limite:
Humans
Idioma:
En
Revista:
Surv Ophthalmol
Ano de publicação:
2013
Tipo de documento:
Article
País de afiliação:
Brasil