Electrochemical properties of the TiO2(B) powders ball mill treated for lithium-ion battery application.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Belt or wire shaped TiO2(B) particles were synthesized for lithium ion battery application by a hydrothermal and heat treatment process. In order to facilitate TiO2(B)/C composites fabrication, the synthesized TiO2(B) particles were crushed into smaller sizes by ball milling. RESULTS: Ball mill treated TiO2(B) particles of less than 1.0 µm with a fraction of anatase phase, compared to as-synthesized TiO2(B) particles with about 24 µm in average particle size, showed a significant improvement in the electrochemical properties. They showed a much improved stability in the charge-discharge cycles and irreversibility. They maintained about 98% of the initial capacity during 50 cycles while as-synthesized sample before ball mill treatment showed a gradual decrease in the capacity with the cycles. The irreversibility of 12.4% of as-synthesized sample was also greatly improved to 7% after ball milling treatment. CONCLUSIONS: Our results indicate ball mill treatment can be an economical way to improve electrochemical properties of TiO2(B) anode materials for lithium ion battery application.