Toxic response of graphene nanoplatelets in vivo and in vitro.
Arch Toxicol
; 89(9): 1557-68, 2015 Sep.
Article
em En
| MEDLINE
| ID: mdl-24980260
ABSTRACT
With the development of nanotechnology, myriad types of novel materials have been discovered at the nanoscale, among which the most interesting material is graphene. However, the toxicity data available on graphene are extremely limited. In this study, we explored toxic response of commercially available graphene nanoplatelets (GNPs) in vivo and in vitro. The GNPs used in this study had a high surface area and feature considerably few defects. In mice, GNPs (2.5 and 5 mg/kg) remained in the lung until 28 days after a single instillation, and the secretion of inflammatory cytokines reached the maximal level at Day 14 and then decreased over time. In vitro study using BEAS-2B cells, a human bronchial epithelial cell line, GNPs located within autophagosome-like vacuoles 24 h after exposure. The GNPs (2.5, 5, 10, and 20 µg/mL) also dose-dependently reduced cell viability, which was accompanied by an increase in the portion of cells in the subG1 and S phases. Moreover, the GNPs down-regulated the generation of reactive oxygen species, suppressed ATP production, caused mitochondria damage, and elevated the levels of autophagy-related proteins. Based on these results, we suggest that GNPs provoked a subchronic inflammatory response in mice and that GNPs induced autophagy accompanying apoptosis via mitochondria damage in vitro.
Texto completo:
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Base de dados:
MEDLINE
Assunto principal:
Células Epiteliais
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Nanopartículas
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Grafite
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Inflamação
Limite:
Animals
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Humans
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Male
Idioma:
En
Revista:
Arch Toxicol
Ano de publicação:
2015
Tipo de documento:
Article