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Recent controversies on comparative effectiveness research investigations: Challenges, opportunities, and pitfalls.
Kirpalani, Haresh; Truog, William E; D'Angio, Carl T; Cotten, Michael.
Afiliação
  • Kirpalani H; Division of Neonatology, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia at University Pennsylvania Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA; Emeritus Professor at McMaster University, Department of Clinical Epidemiology, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada.
  • Truog WE; Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatology, University of Missouri, Kansas City, MO.
  • D'Angio CT; Department of Pediatrics, and Department of Medical Humanities and Bioethics, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY; Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatology, Duke University, Durham, NC.
  • Cotten M; Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatology, Duke University, Durham, NC.
Semin Perinatol ; 40(6): 341-347, 2016 10.
Article em En | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-27423511
The purpose of comparative effectiveness research (CER) is to improve health outcomes by developing and disseminating evidence-based information about which currently available interventions and practices are most effective for patients. Randomized Controlled Trials (RCT) are the hallmark of scientific proof, and have been used to compare interventions used in variable ways by different clinicians (comparative effectiveness RCTs, CER-RCTs). But such CER-RCTs have at times generated controversy. Usually the background for the CER-RCT is a range of "standard therapy" or "standard of care." This may have been adopted on observational data alone, or pilot data. At times, such prior data may derive from populations that differ from the population in which the widely variable standard approach is being applied. We believe that controversies related to these CER-RCTs result from confusing "accepted" therapies and "rigorously evaluated therapies." We first define evidence-based medicine and consider how well neonatology conforms to that definition. We then contrast the approach of testing new therapies and those already existing and widely adopted, as in CER-RCTs. We next examine a central challenge in incorporating the control arm within CER-RCTs and aspects of the "titrated" trial. We finally briefly consider some ethical issues that have arisen, and discuss the wide range of neonatology practices that could be tested by CER-RCTs or alternative CER-based strategies that might inform practice. Throughout, we emphasize the lack of awareness of the lay community, and indeed many researchers or commentators, in appreciating the wide variation of standard of care. There is a corresponding need to identify the best uses of available resources that will lead to the best outcomes for our patients. We conclude that CER-RCTs are an essential methodology in modern neonatology to address many unanswered questions and test unproven therapies in newborn care.
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Texto completo: 1 Base de dados: MEDLINE Assunto principal: Pesquisa Comparativa da Efetividade / Doenças do Recém-Nascido / Neonatologia Tipo de estudo: Clinical_trials / Prognostic_studies Limite: Humans / Newborn Idioma: En Revista: Semin Perinatol Ano de publicação: 2016 Tipo de documento: Article País de afiliação: Canadá

Texto completo: 1 Base de dados: MEDLINE Assunto principal: Pesquisa Comparativa da Efetividade / Doenças do Recém-Nascido / Neonatologia Tipo de estudo: Clinical_trials / Prognostic_studies Limite: Humans / Newborn Idioma: En Revista: Semin Perinatol Ano de publicação: 2016 Tipo de documento: Article País de afiliação: Canadá