RGS14 regulates the lifetime of Gα-GTP signaling but does not prolong Gßγ signaling following receptor activation in live cells.

ABSTRACT

RGS14 is a multifunctional scaffolding protein possessing two distinct G protein interaction sites including a regulator of G protein signaling (RGS) domain that acts as a GTPase activating protein (GAP) to deactivate Gαi/o-GTP proteins, and a G protein regulatory (GPR) motif that binds inactive Gαi1/3-GDP proteins independent of Gßγ. GPR interactions with Gαi recruit RGS14 to the plasma membrane to interact with Gαi-linked GPCRs and regulate Gαi signaling. While RGS14 actions on Gα proteins are well characterized, consequent effects on Gßγ signaling remain unknown. Conventional RGS proteins act as dedicated GAPs to deactivate Gα and Gßγ signaling following receptor activation. RGS14 may do the same or, alternatively, may coordinate its actions to deactivate Gα-GTP with the RGS domain and then capture the same Gα-GDP via its GPR motif to prevent heterotrimer reassociation and prolong Gßγ signaling. To test this idea, we compared the regulation of G protein activation and deactivation kinetics by a conventional RGS protein, RGS4, and RGS14 in response to GPCR agonist/antagonist treatment utilizing bioluminescence resonance energy transfer (BRET). Co-expression of either RGS4 or RGS14 inhibited the release of free Gßγ after agonist stimulation and increased the deactivation rate of Gα, consistent with their roles as GTPase activating proteins (GAPs). Overexpression of inactive Gαi1 to recruit RGS14 to the plasma membrane did not alter RGS14's capacity to act as a GAP for a second Gαo protein. These results demonstrate the role of RGS14 as a dedicated GAP and suggest that the G protein regulatory (GPR) motif functions independently of the RGS domain and is silent in regulating GAP activity in a cellular context.