Significant HLA class I type associations with aromatic antiepileptic drug (AED)-induced SJS/TEN are different from those found for the same AED-induced DRESS in the Spanish population.

ABSTRACT

Aromatic antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) are among the drugs most frequently involved in severe cutaneous adverse reactions (SCARs), such as Stevens-Johnson syndrome (SJS), toxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN), and drug reactions with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms (DRESS). This study investigated the associations between the genetic polymorphisms of HLA class-I and AED-induced SCARs in the Spanish population. HLA class-I genotypes were determined in AED (phenytoin[PHT],lamotrigine[LTG],carbamazepine[CBZ],phenobarbital[PB])-induced SJS/TEN (n=15) or DRESS (n=12) cases included in the Spanish SCAR registry, PIELenRed. There were 3 control groups (A)tolerant to a single AED, (B)tolerant to any AED, and (C)Spanish population controls. For SJS/TEN, concomitant HLA-A*0201/Cw1502 alleles were significantly associated with PHT-cases compared to control groups B and C [(B)odds ratio(OR)14.75, p=0.009;(C)OR27.50, p<0.001], and were close to significance with respect to control group A (p=0.060). The genotype frequency of the HLA-B*3801 was significantly associated with PHT-LTG-cases compared with the 3 groups of controls [(A)OR12.86, p=0.012;(B)OR13.81; p=0.002;(C)OR14.35, p<0.001], and with LTG-cases [(A)OR147.00, p=0.001;(B)OR115.00, p<0.001;(C)OR124.70, p<0.001]. We found the HLA-B*1502 allele in a Spanish Romani patient with a CBZ-case. The HLA-A*1101 was significantly associated with CBZ-cases [(A)OR63.89, p=0.002;(B)OR36.33, p=0.005;(C)OR28.29, p=0.007]. For DRESS, the HLA-A*2402 genotype frequency was statistically significant in the PHT-LTG-cases [(A)OR22.56, p=0.003;(B)OR23.50. p=0.001; (C)OR33.25, p<0.001], and in the LTG-cases [(A),OR49.00, p=0.015;(B)OR27.77, p=0.005; (C)OR34.53, p=0.002]. HLA-A*3101 was significantly associated with the CBZ-cases [(A)OR22.00, p=0.047;(B)OR29.50, p=0.033;(C)OR35.14, p=0.006]. In conclusion, we identified several significant genetic risk factors for the first time in the Spanish Caucasian population HLA-A*0201/Cw*1502 combination as a risk factor for PHT-induced SJS/TEN, HLA-B*3801 for LTG- and PHT- induced SJS/TEN, HLA-A*1101 for CBZ-induced SJS/TEN, and HLA-A*2402 for LTG- and PHT- induced DRESS. The strong association between HLA*3101 and CBZ-DRESS in Europeans was confirmed in this study.