ProEx C as Diagnostic Marker for Detection of Urothelial Carcinoma in Urinary Samples: A Review.
Int J Med Sci
; 14(6): 554-559, 2017.
Article
em En
| MEDLINE
| ID: mdl-28638271
ABSTRACT
The gold standard for the detection of urothelial carcinoma is represented by urethro-cystoscopy and biopsy. Both procedures are invasive and expensive and therefore cytology is often used as first approach to investigate on a possible neoplasia, being a safe and cost-effective diagnostic modality of evaluation. Because cytology alone is not highly sensitive for detection of low grade urothelial carcinoma and recurrence of the disease, several adjunct markers and urine based tests for urothelial carcinoma have been developed, which can help in the final diagnosis. In particular, ProEx C is an immunohistochemical cocktail containing antibodies direct against topoisomerase IIα (TOP2A) and minichromosome maintenance 2 (MCM2) proteins. It proved to be a valid biomarker especially in detecting squamous intraepithelial lesions in cervical liquid-based samples and in discerning these lesions from their mimickers, as well as in ovarian, endometrial, vulvar, primary and metastatic melanomas, breast, pancreatic and renal cell carcinomas. This brief review covers the effective utility of ProEx C as adjunct tool in assessing the urothelial lesions in urine cytology, also providing prognostic and therapeutic information to help in clinical decisions.
Palavras-chave
Texto completo:
1
Base de dados:
MEDLINE
Assunto principal:
Biomarcadores Tumorais
/
Neoplasias Urológicas
/
DNA Topoisomerases Tipo II
/
Componente 2 do Complexo de Manutenção de Minicromossomo
/
Proteínas de Ligação a Poli-ADP-Ribose
Tipo de estudo:
Diagnostic_studies
/
Prognostic_studies
Limite:
Female
/
Humans
Idioma:
En
Revista:
Int J Med Sci
Assunto da revista:
MEDICINA
Ano de publicação:
2017
Tipo de documento:
Article
País de afiliação:
Itália