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Long-Term Effects of the Periconception Period on Embryo Epigenetic Profile and Phenotype: The Role of Stress and How This Effect Is Mediated.
Ord, James; Fazeli, Alireza; Watt, Penelope J.
Afiliação
  • Ord J; Department of Animal and Plant Sciences, University of Sheffield, Western Bank, Sheffield, S10 2TN, UK.
  • Fazeli A; Academic Unit of Reproductive and Developmental Medicine, University of Sheffield, Level 4, Jessop Wing, Tree Root Walk, Sheffield, S10 2SF, UK.
  • Watt PJ; Academic Unit of Reproductive and Developmental Medicine, University of Sheffield, Level 4, Jessop Wing, Tree Root Walk, Sheffield, S10 2SF, UK. A.Fazeli@sheffield.ac.uk.
Adv Exp Med Biol ; 1014: 117-135, 2017.
Article em En | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-28864988
ABSTRACT
Stress represents an unavoidable aspect of human life, and pathologies associated with dysregulation of stress mechanisms - particularly psychiatric disorders - represent a significant global health problem. While it has long been observed that levels of stress experienced in the periconception period may greatly affect the offspring's risk of psychiatric disorders, the mechanisms underlying these associations are not yet comprehensively understood. In order to address this question, this chapter will take a 'top-down' approach, by first defining stress and associated concepts, before exploring the mechanistic basis of the stress response in the form of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis, and how dysregulation of the HPA axis can impede our mental and physical health, primarily via imbalances in glucocorticoids (GCs) and their corresponding receptors (GRs) in the brain. The current extent of knowledge pertaining to the impact of stress on developmental programming and epigenetic inheritance is then extensively discussed, including the role of chromatin remodelling associated with specific HPA axis-related genes and the possible role of regulatory RNAs as messengers of environmental stress both in the intrauterine environment and across the germ line. Furthering our understanding of the role of stress on embryonic development is crucial if we are to increase our predictive power of disease risk and devise-effective treatments and intervention strategies.
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Texto completo: 1 Base de dados: MEDLINE Assunto principal: Estresse Psicológico / Epigênese Genética / Desenvolvimento Embrionário / Fertilização Tipo de estudo: Prognostic_studies Limite: Female / Humans / Pregnancy Idioma: En Revista: Adv Exp Med Biol Ano de publicação: 2017 Tipo de documento: Article País de afiliação: Reino Unido

Texto completo: 1 Base de dados: MEDLINE Assunto principal: Estresse Psicológico / Epigênese Genética / Desenvolvimento Embrionário / Fertilização Tipo de estudo: Prognostic_studies Limite: Female / Humans / Pregnancy Idioma: En Revista: Adv Exp Med Biol Ano de publicação: 2017 Tipo de documento: Article País de afiliação: Reino Unido