Transient Osmotic Perturbation Causes Long-Term Alteration to the Gut Microbiota.
Cell
; 173(7): 1742-1754.e17, 2018 06 14.
Article
em En
| MEDLINE
| ID: mdl-29906449
ABSTRACT
Osmotic diarrhea is a prevalent condition in humans caused by food intolerance, malabsorption, and widespread laxative use. Here, we assess the resilience of the gut ecosystem to osmotic perturbation at multiple length and timescales using mice as model hosts. Osmotic stress caused reproducible extinction of highly abundant taxa and expansion of less prevalent members in human and mouse microbiotas. Quantitative imaging revealed decimation of the mucus barrier during osmotic perturbation, followed by recovery. The immune system exhibited temporary changes in cytokine levels and a lasting IgG response against commensal bacteria. Increased osmolality prevented growth of commensal strains in vitro, revealing one mechanism contributing to extinction. Environmental availability of microbiota members mitigated extinction events, demonstrating how species reintroduction can affect community resilience. Our findings (1) demonstrate that even mild osmotic diarrhea can cause lasting changes to the microbiota and host and (2) lay the foundation for interventions that increase system-wide resilience.
Palavras-chave
Texto completo:
1
Base de dados:
MEDLINE
Assunto principal:
Polietilenoglicóis
/
Diarreia
/
Microbioma Gastrointestinal
Tipo de estudo:
Etiology_studies
/
Prognostic_studies
Idioma:
En
Revista:
Cell
Ano de publicação:
2018
Tipo de documento:
Article
País de afiliação:
Estados Unidos