Neoepitopes: a new take on beta cell autoimmunity in type 1 diabetes.
Diabetologia
; 62(3): 351-356, 2019 03.
Article
em En
| MEDLINE
| ID: mdl-30402774
ABSTRACT
Type 1 diabetes is an autoimmune disease caused by T cell-mediated destruction of pancreatic insulin-producing beta cells. The epitopes recognised by pathogenic T cells in human type 1 diabetes are poorly defined; however, a growing body of evidence suggests that T cell responses against neoepitopes contribute to beta cell destruction in type 1 diabetes. Neoepitopes are formed when self-proteins undergo post-translational modification to create a new epitope that is recognised by T- or B cells. Here we review the role of human T cell responses against neoepitopes in the immune pathogenesis of type 1 diabetes. Specifically, we review the different approaches to identifying neoepitopes relevant to human type 1 diabetes and outline several advances in this field that have occurred over the past few years. We also discuss the application of neoepitopes to the development of antigen-specific therapies for type 1 diabetes and the unresolved challenges that need to be overcome before the full repertoire of neoepitopes recognised by pathogenic human T cells in type 1 diabetes can be determined. This information may then be used to develop antigen-specific therapies for type 1 diabetes and assays to monitor changes in pathogenic, beta cell-specific T cell responses.
Palavras-chave
Texto completo:
1
Base de dados:
MEDLINE
Assunto principal:
Autoimunidade
/
Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 1
/
Células Secretoras de Insulina
/
Epitopos
Limite:
Animals
/
Humans
Idioma:
En
Revista:
Diabetologia
Ano de publicação:
2019
Tipo de documento:
Article
País de afiliação:
Austrália