Nanostructured Au-Pt hybrid disk electrodes for enhanced parathyroid hormone detection in human serum.

ABSTRACT

Most clinical tests for biomarker detection require the support of a laboratory, and the results are usually slow, less sensitive, and lack the possibility for Point-of-Care (PoC) testing. Further, with the increasing demand for sensitive, portable, rapid, and low-cost devices for clinical PoC applications, innovative methods are crucial. Thus, we report on utilizing nanostructured gold-platinum (Au-Pt) hybrid electrodes as a PoC device for highly sensitive and selective PTH detection in human serum samples. The method employs the immobilization of 3-mercaptopropionic acid to Au and subsequent activation of the carboxyl groups to enable anti-PTH antibody immobilization. Serum PTH was detected by monitoring the changes in electrochemical properties (ΔRct and Δi) of the sensor using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) against a standard hexacyanoferrate (II/III) probe. Changes in relative response percentage (RR%) in electrochemical properties due to increased PTH concentrations in serum were observed with EIS and DPV. The biosensor exhibited a low detection limit of 0.36 pg.mL-1 (EIS) and 0.59 pg.mL-1 (DPV) in serum with a linear range of 1 to 100,000 pg.mL-1. Further, to validate the accuracy of the proposed method, clinical samples (n = 20) were examined using the EIS method and compared to an established commercial test.