Ideal Dose and Injection Site for Gummy Smile Treatment with Botulinum Toxin-A: A Systematic Review and Introduction of a Case Study.
Int J Periodontics Restorative Dent
; 39(4): e167-e173, 2019.
Article
em En
| MEDLINE
| ID: mdl-31226199
ABSTRACT
The objective of this article is to review ideal injection point and ideal dose of botulinum toxin-A injections to treat different types of gummy smile, and to present a case treated with the recommended method. An electronic search of literature was carried out by using PubMed, Embase, and Google Scholar. Reference lists of studies were also hand-searched for relevance. According to inclusion and exclusion criteria, five prospective studies with 135 subjects were included in this systematic review. Injection of botulinum toxin-A is a noninvasive and temporary treatment option for gummy smile, and the Yonsei point is a safe and reproducible injection point for treatment by practitioners of all types of gummy smile.
Texto completo:
1
Base de dados:
MEDLINE
Assunto principal:
Toxinas Botulínicas Tipo A
/
Fármacos Neuromusculares
Tipo de estudo:
Observational_studies
/
Systematic_reviews
Idioma:
En
Revista:
Int J Periodontics Restorative Dent
Ano de publicação:
2019
Tipo de documento:
Article