Malaria inflammation by xanthine oxidase-produced reactive oxygen species.
EMBO Mol Med
; 11(8): e9903, 2019 08.
Article
em En
| MEDLINE
| ID: mdl-31265218
ABSTRACT
Malaria is a highly inflammatory disease caused by Plasmodium infection of host erythrocytes. However, the parasite does not induce inflammatory cytokine responses in macrophages in vitro and the source of inflammation in patients remains unclear. Here, we identify oxidative stress, which is common in malaria, as an effective trigger of the inflammatory activation of macrophages. We observed that extracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) produced by xanthine oxidase (XO), an enzyme upregulated during malaria, induce a strong inflammatory cytokine response in primary human monocyte-derived macrophages. In malaria patients, elevated plasma XO activity correlates with high levels of inflammatory cytokines and with the development of cerebral malaria. We found that incubation of macrophages with plasma from these patients can induce a XO-dependent inflammatory cytokine response, identifying a host factor as a trigger for inflammation in malaria. XO-produced ROS also increase the synthesis of pro-IL-1ß, while the parasite activates caspase-1, providing the two necessary signals for the activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome. We propose that XO-produced ROS are a key factor for the trigger of inflammation during malaria.
Palavras-chave
Texto completo:
1
Base de dados:
MEDLINE
Assunto principal:
Plasmodium falciparum
/
Xantina Oxidase
/
Malária Falciparum
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Malária Cerebral
/
Espécies Reativas de Oxigênio
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Estresse Oxidativo
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Inflamação
/
Macrófagos
Tipo de estudo:
Prognostic_studies
Limite:
Humans
Idioma:
En
Revista:
EMBO Mol Med
Assunto da revista:
BIOLOGIA MOLECULAR
Ano de publicação:
2019
Tipo de documento:
Article
País de afiliação:
Estados Unidos