Association between lipid-lowering agents and severe hyponatremia: a population-based case-control study.

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE: Drug-induced hyponatremia is common, with medications from many drug-classes implicated. Lipid-lowering agents are among the most prescribed drugs. Limited evidence suggests an inverse association between statins and hyponatremia, while data on other lipid-lowering agents is absent. The objective of this investigation was to study the association between lipid-lowering drugs and hospitalization due to hyponatremia. METHODS: This was a register-based case-control study of the general Swedish population. Those hospitalized with a main diagnosis of hyponatremia (n = 11,213) were compared with matched controls (n = 44,801). Multivariable logistic regression adjusting for co-medication, diseases, previous hospitalizations, and socioeconomic factors was used to explore the association between severe hyponatremia and the use of lipid-lowering drugs. RESULTS: Unadjusted ORs (95% CI) for hospitalization due to hyponatremia were 1.28 (1.22-1.35) for statins, 1.09 (0.79-1.47) for ezetimibe, 1.38 (0.88-2.12) for fibrates, and 2.12 (1.31-3.35) for resins. After adjustment for confounding factors the adjusted odds ratios (95% CI) compared with controls were 0.69 (0.64-0.74) for statins, 0.60 (0.41-0.86) for ezetimibe, 0.87 (0.51-1.42) for fibrates, and 1.21 (0.69-2.06) for resins. CONCLUSIONS: Use of statins and ezetimibe was inversely correlated with severe hyponatremia. Consequently, these drugs are unlikely culprits in patients with hyponatremia, and they appear safe to initiate in hyponatremic patients. A potential protective effect warrants further studies on how statins and other lipid-lowering drugs are linked to dysnatremias.