Perinatal Outcomes in a Population of Diabetic and Obese Pregnant Women-The Results of the Polish National Survey.

ABSTRACT

Obesity and diabetes increase the risk of complications during gestation and at delivery. The aim of this study was to compare the perinatal outcomes in the populations of diabetic and obese Polish women, based on the results of a national survey performed in years 2012 and 2017, as well as to determine the risk factors of the gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). Questionnaires from 6276 women were collected. Obese women constituted 5.5% and 7.5% of study population in years 2012 and 2017, respectively. Among women whose pregnancies were complicated by diabetes mellitus, GDM constituted the most common type of glucose intolerance during both time periods (2012 89% vs. 2017 85.6%). In the group of obese women an insignificant increase in the rate of induced deliveries was noted (2012 9.9% vs. 2017 11.7%), whereas the fetal birth-weight decreased significantly (2012 3565 g vs. 2017 3405 g, p < 0.05). In the group of diabetic pregnant women the percentage of cesarean sections, labour inductions and fetal birth defects was characterized by an insignificant upward trend. Risk of GDM was significantly increased in women aged over 35 years-(2012 OR 1.9 (95% CI 1.1-2.9) and 2017 OR = 2.1 (95% CI 1.5-2.9), p < 0.05-, as well as in overweight women-2012 OR 1.8 (95% CI 1.2-2.7) and 2017 OR 2.6 (95% CI 1.9-3.4), p < 0.05-during both analysed time periods. Based on the study results, it is necessary to develop population-based programmes to prevent obesity and to introduce and enforce the rules of appropriate screening for glucose tolerance disorders during pregnancy.