A systematic review of the intervention characteristics, and behavior change theory and techniques used in mother-daughter interventions targeting physical activity.

Growing gender disparities in levels of physical inactivity put women and female youths at a greater risk of associated health problems. Mother-daughter interventions have been proposed as means to promote physical activity in this at-risk cohort. However, there is a lack of clarity as to if and why these types of interventions might be effective. This systematic review examined the intervention characteristics, and behavior change theory and techniques used in these interventions to promote physical activity for mothers and daughters. PubMed, EMBASE, PsycINfO, CINAHL and Cochrane Library (Wiley) databases were searched for English language studies from inception to 13th May 2020. Interventions of any design that targeted daughters and mothers' physical activity were included. Data was extracted using the Template for Intervention Description and Replication (TIDieR) checklist, and the Behavior Change Technique (BCT) Taxonomy v1. 4962 articles were screened and 11 unique studies met the inclusion criteria. The risk of bias in studies was generally high. Narrative summary highlighted that many studies used social cognitive theory as a theoretical foundation, were based in the community and less than three months in duration with multiple sessions per week. Thirty-seven behavior change techniques were identified across studies. Some techniques were deemed potentially effective including credible source, information on the health consequences of the behavior and the self-regulatory techniques of goal-setting, self-monitoring and problem-solving. Future research should consider the use of the TIDieR guidelines and BCT Taxonomy v1 to improve the quality of information for intervention development, implementation, and reporting phases.