Climate Change Modulates Multitrophic Interactions Between Maize, A Root Herbivore, and Its Enemies.
J Chem Ecol
; 47(10-11): 889-906, 2021 Nov.
Article
em En
| MEDLINE
| ID: mdl-34415498
ABSTRACT
How climate change will modify belowground tritrophic interactions is poorly understood, despite their importance for agricultural productivity. Here, we manipulated the three major abiotic factors associated with climate change (atmospheric CO2, temperature, and soil moisture) and investigated their individual and joint effects on the interaction between maize, the banded cucumber beetle (Diabrotica balteata), and the entomopathogenic nematode (EPN) Heterorhabditis bacteriophora. Changes in individual abiotic parameters had a strong influence on plant biomass, leaf wilting, sugar concentrations, protein levels, and benzoxazinoid contents. Yet, when combined to simulate a predicted climate scenario (Representative Concentration Pathway 8.5, RCP 8.5), their effects mostly counter-balanced each other. Only the sharp negative impact of drought on leaf wilting was not fully compensated. In both current and predicted scenarios, root damage resulted in increased leaf wilting, reduced root biomass, and reconfigured the plant sugar metabolism. Single climatic variables modulated the herbivore performance and survival in an additive manner, although slight interactions were also observed. Increased temperature and CO2 levels both enhanced the performance of the insect, but elevated temperature also decreased its survival. Elevated temperatures and CO2 further directly impeded the EPN infectivity potential, while lower moisture levels improved it through plant- and/or herbivore-mediated changes. In the RCP 8.5 scenario, temperature and CO2 showed interactive effects on EPN infectivity, which was overall decreased by 40%. We conclude that root pest problems may worsen with climate change due to increased herbivore performance and reduced top-down control by biological control agents.
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Base de dados:
MEDLINE
Assunto principal:
Strongyloidea
/
Besouros
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Mudança Climática
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Zea mays
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Cadeia Alimentar
Tipo de estudo:
Prognostic_studies
Limite:
Animals
Idioma:
En
Revista:
J Chem Ecol
Ano de publicação:
2021
Tipo de documento:
Article
País de afiliação:
Suíça