Wheel running leads to sex-specific effects on Western diet-associated glucose homeostasis and brain insulin signaling without altering food-related impulsive choice.
Nutr Neurosci
; 25(12): 2547-2559, 2022 Dec.
Article
em En
| MEDLINE
| ID: mdl-34633918
ABSTRACT
OBJECTIVES:
There is a clear association between obesity and impulsivity. While exercise can suppress weight gain and decrease impulsive choice (IC), the relationship between impulsivity, the consumption of palatable, energy dense diets, and exercise is unclear. We examined IC before and after Western diet (WD) exposure in rats of both sexes and whether exercise would rescue any diet-mediated increases in IC. Our hypotheses were twofold first, increased impulsivity would be associated with higher WD preference in a positive feedback loop and second, increased WD consumption would impair both peripheral and central insulin signaling, both of which exercise would attenuate.METHODS:
Following baseline assessment of IC through a delay discounting task, rats were divided into naïve, sedentary (Sed), or wheel running (WR) groups for a 5-week WR and two-diet choice period after which rats underwent an oral glucose (OGTT) and insulin tolerance test (ITT) in addition to a re-test of IC. Insulin induced Akt-GSK3ß signaling in the brain was examined using western blot.RESULTS:
All Sed rats preferred the WD diet, and all WR rats initially avoided the WD but subsequently reversed their avoidance to preference with females reversing earlier than males. Exercise suppressed weight gain and adiposity to a greater extent in males than females. Only WR males showed improved glucose clearance during OGTT, but both male and female WR rats had a faster recovery of hypoglycemia during ITT. Furthermore, WR rescued WD-induced deficits in hypothalamic Akt-GSK3ß signaling in males but not females. In the prefrontal cortex, however, WD and WR both reduced Akt-GSK3ß signaling in males but not females. There were no sex differences in IC at baseline, and all rats made more impulsive choices during the re-test independent of diet, sex, or exercise.DISCUSSION:
The results suggest that while exercise may have a greater efficacy at attenuating diet-mediated metabolic dysregulation in males, it has some beneficial effects for females and highlights the need to develop sex-specific interventions for restoring energy balance.Palavras-chave
Texto completo:
1
Base de dados:
MEDLINE
Assunto principal:
Dieta Ocidental
/
Insulina
Tipo de estudo:
Risk_factors_studies
Limite:
Animals
Idioma:
En
Revista:
Nutr Neurosci
Assunto da revista:
CIENCIAS DA NUTRICAO
/
NEUROLOGIA
Ano de publicação:
2022
Tipo de documento:
Article
País de afiliação:
Estados Unidos