Self-reported exercise-induced dyspnea and airways obstruction assessed by oscillometry and spirometry in adolescents.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Self-reported exercise-induced dyspnea (EID) is common among adolescents. Possible underlying pathologies are exercise-induced bronchoconstriction (EIB) and laryngeal obstruction (EILO). The forced oscillation technique (FOT) may evaluate exercise-induced changes in airway caliber. AIM: To investigate in adolescents the relationship between EID, EIB (post-exercise fall in forced expiratory volume in 1s (FEV1 )≥10%), EILO, and post-exercise challenge changes in FOT parameters. METHODS: One hundred and forty-three subjects (97 with EID) of 13-15 years old underwent a standardized exercise challenge with FOT measurement and spirometry repeatedly performed between 2 and 30 min post-exercise. EILO was studied in a subset of 123 adolescents. Subjects showing greater changes than the healthy subgroup in the modulus of the inspiratory impedance were considered FOT responders. RESULTS: EID-nonEIB subjects presented similar post-exercise changes in all FOT parameters to nonEID-nonEIB adolescents. Changes in all FOT parameters correlated with FEV1 fall. 45 of 97 EID subjects responded neither by FEV1 nor FOT to exercise. 19 and 18 subjects responded only by FEV1 (onlyFEV1 responders) or FOT (onlyFOTresponders), respectively. Only a lower baseline forced vital capacity (FVC)%predicted and a higher FEV1 /FVC distinguished the onlyFEV1 responders from onlyFOTresponders. FOT parameters did not present specific post-exercise patterns in EILO subjects. CONCLUSION: FOT can be used to identify post-exercise changes in lower airway function. However, EID has a modest relation with both FEV1 and FOT responses, highlighting the need for objective testing. More research is needed to understand whether onlyFEV1 responders and onlyFOTresponders represent different endotypes.