Micro but mighty-Micronutrients in the epigenetic regulation of adaptive immune responses.
Immunol Rev
; 305(1): 152-164, 2022 01.
Article
em En
| MEDLINE
| ID: mdl-34820863
ABSTRACT
Micronutrients are essential small molecules required by organisms in minute quantity for survival. For instance, vitamins and minerals, the two major categories of micronutrients, are central for biological processes such as metabolism, cell replication, differentiation, and immune response. Studies estimated that around two billion humans worldwide suffer from micronutrient deficiencies, also known as "hidden hunger," linked to weakened immune responses. While micronutrients affect the immune system at multiple levels, recent studies showed that micronutrients potentially impact the differentiation and function of immune cells as cofactors for epigenetic enzymes, including the 2-oxoglutarate-dependent dioxygenase (2OGDD) family involved in histone and DNA demethylation. Here, we will first provide an overview of the role of DNA methylation in T cells and B cells, followed by the micronutrients ascorbate (vitamin C) and iron, two critical cofactors for 2OGDD. We will discuss the emerging evidence of these micronutrients could regulate adaptive immune response by influencing epigenetic remodeling.
Palavras-chave
Texto completo:
1
Base de dados:
MEDLINE
Assunto principal:
Micronutrientes
/
Epigênese Genética
Limite:
Humans
Idioma:
En
Revista:
Immunol Rev
Ano de publicação:
2022
Tipo de documento:
Article
País de afiliação:
Estados Unidos