Not all smokers are alike: the hidden cost of sustained attention during nicotine abstinence.
Neuropsychopharmacology
; 47(9): 1633-1642, 2022 08.
Article
em En
| MEDLINE
| ID: mdl-35091674
ABSTRACT
Nicotine Withdrawal Syndrome (NWS)-associated cognitive deficits are notably heterogeneous, suggesting underlying endophenotypic variance. However, parsing this variance in smokers has remained challenging. In this study, we identified smoker subgroups based on response accuracy during a Parametric Flanker Task (PFT) and then characterized distinct neuroimaging endophenotypes using a nicotine state manipulation. Smokers completed the PFT in two fMRI sessions (nicotine sated, abstinent). Based on response accuracy in the stressful, high cognitive demand PFT condition, smokers split into high (HTP, n = 21) and low task performer (LTP, n = 24) subgroups. Behaviorally, HTPs showed greater response accuracy (88.68% ± 5.19 SD) vs. LTPs (51.04% ± 4.72 SD), independent of nicotine state, and greater vulnerability to abstinence-induced errors of omission (EOm, p = 0.01). Neurobiologically, HTPs showed greater BOLD responses in attentional control brain regions, including bilateral insula, dorsal ACC, and frontoparietal Cx for the [correct responses (-) errors of commission] PFT contrast in both states. A whole-brain functional connectivity (FC) analysis with these subgroup-derived regions as seeds identified two circuits Precentral CxâInsula and InsulaâOccipital Cx, with abstinence-induced FC strength increases seen only in HTPs. Finally, abstinence-induced FC and behavior (EOm) differences were positively correlated for HTPs in a Precentral CxâOrbitofrontal cortical circuit. In sum, only the HTP subgroup demonstrated sustained attention deficits following 48-hr nicotine abstinence, a stressor in dependent smokers. Unpacking underlying smoker heterogeneity with this 'dual (task and abstinence) stressor' approach revealed discrete smoker subgroups with differential attentional deficits to withdrawal that could be novel pharmacological/behavioral targets for therapeutic interventions to improve cessation outcomes.
Texto completo:
1
Base de dados:
MEDLINE
Assunto principal:
Síndrome de Abstinência a Substâncias
/
Abandono do Hábito de Fumar
Tipo de estudo:
Health_economic_evaluation
Limite:
Humans
Idioma:
En
Revista:
Neuropsychopharmacology
Assunto da revista:
NEUROLOGIA
/
PSICOFARMACOLOGIA
Ano de publicação:
2022
Tipo de documento:
Article
País de afiliação:
Estados Unidos