Retrospective Study of Three Cases of Congenital Leukemia with Clinical Presentations and Particular Cytogenetic Abnormality.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: The goal is to assess the prognosis of cytogenetic abnormality, because cytogenetic abnormality is rarely encountered in clinical practice. METHODS: We retrospectively report three cytogenetic abnormality cases with clinical, cytogenetic, and genetic characteristic. RESULTS: All cases occurred within one month of birth and had prominent hepatosplenomegaly, including acute myeloid leukemia (case 1, case 2) and acute leukemia (case 3). Moreover, case 1 appeared as leukemia cutis at birth, case 2 was born with respiratory distress, and both showed hyperleukocytosis. The R-banded karyotype detected cytogenetic abnormality in three cases, case 1 with 46,XY,t(8;12)(q21;p13), case 2 with 47,XX,+21 and case 3 with 46,XY,t(6;X)(q22p12), respectively. Especially in case 1, reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction analysis showed MLL-AF10 rearranged. CONCLUSIONS: In our studies, all cases had not received chemotherapy and survived about 1 - 2 months. It suggests that cytogenetic disorders are closely related to disease development and likely result in fatal outcome if untreated. Thus, we proposed that a proper treatment decision is urgently needed in congenital leukemia.